09.08.2019

The social status of the family and its typology. Family social status: what is it

Of course, the upbringing of a child under such conditions does not always have results at all; in some cases it can be carried out, but not intensively enough. As a result, the child is poorly socialized, which leads to personal problems in the future, as well as the potential inability to create a good family due to the lack of necessary role models. Asocial families And finally, the most unadapted category of families, which in no way fulfills its functions. And the reason for this lies not even in the inability of parents to raise a child, but in unwillingness. Such families are in need of fundamental changes. What kind of marriage can be called asocial? First of all, one in which one or both spouses have signs of deviant or delinquent behavior.

Family's social status - what is it? family social status: examples

Do you think your man knows nothing about female psychology? Social status is the status of a person, determined by his origin, position, economic level, gender. If the marriage is contracted for the first time, then these are called primary marriages.

Therefore, if, by the will of fate, you had an early conviction, this technique is carried out in two stages. This or that position on the social ladder leaves its imprint on a person's appearance, his manner, the type of activity he is engaged in, the breadth of needs.

Surprising but true! Believe me, everything is not so scary and difficult as it seems, the most important thing is to correctly draw up all the documents and then hand over it the first time. I don't know what she will tell you in this situation. Of course, the upbringing of a child under such conditions does not always have results; in some cases it can be carried out, but not intensively enough.

S. 23–27. 4. work: theory and organization: a manual for university students / P.P. Ukrainian [and others]; ed. P.P. Ukrainets, S.V. Lapina.
- 2nd ed. - Minsk: TetraSystems, 2007. - P. 90–97. Among the objective factors of victimization, a special place belongs to the family. Social status Determination of the status of a family - complete when both parents are married, - incomplete, when they have not entered into marriage (single mother, establishment of paternity) and divorce, - large in the case when the family has three or more minor children under 18, - low-income in the case when the family's subsistence minimum does not exceed the established subsistence minimum in the Chelyabinsk region approved by the Decree of the Governor of the Chelyabinsk region.

Info

Social status - fb ru is natural, not always raising a baby in such criteria has absolutely no results, in some cases it can be carried out, but not actively enough. What, curiously, the ladies who did not have sex in fact until the merit of middle age.

Comments Social status of the family - fb ru Just do not forget that when conducting surveys it is better not to choose the social status of the family in the questionnaire. How to determine the social status of which In the line of social origin you need to write information about which social layer you belong to.

A busy person has his entire day scheduled practically by the minute, so he always looks after the time. Social position in the questionnaire example, indicate your social position - working.

Surprising but true! Social status of the family - fb ru Just do not forget that when conducting surveys it is better not to choose the social status of the family in the questionnaire.

The concept of the social status of the family types and meaning

Attention

Also, when assigning this category to a family, it is necessary to pay attention to living conditions, which often do not correspond even to elementary standards. Children in such families grow up hungry, homeless, and often become victims of violence both within the family itself and outside it.

Examples include families of people with mental disabilities, alcohol dependence, drug addicts. In principle, the line between dysfunctional and asocial categories is sometimes very difficult to find.
The living conditions in the family are so terrible in asocial families that children are often better off on the street than with their parents. Family social status - a questionnaire Often, when entering a school or kindergarten, they are asked to fill out a special form.
It often contains a column “social status of the family”. The questionnaire may not provide clarification.

Family social status questionnaire

It also includes factors related to earning money and employing family members.

The cultural social status of the family - what is it? It's easy enough to recognize him. For this, it is necessary to determine such parameters as the level of education of each of the family members, how socialized each of them is, what their attitude to different social norms adopted in society is.
Situational-role social status of the family - what is it? It can also be attributed to the socio-psychological, but it concerns the views of parents on the upbringing of a child, and to be more precise, on the idea of \u200b\u200bwhat a mother, father and child should be like.

Family social status

Medical certificate when applying for a job If the questionnaire uses complex questions, then explanations of the answers to them in addition to annotations. The status in question can be either received or innate. For example, not only the ancestors of the baby live in the house, but also the grandparents. What is your social origin (parenting)? Not a single trifle will hide from the gaze of your loving partner.

Society can be conditionally divided into levels, each of which is occupied by people with a certain status. Surprising but true! Unemployed, employee, retired, student, etc.

This situation also occurs when the status rights of one individual interfere with the fulfillment of the obligations of another. Depending on his own status, a person is assigned certain roles that he must correspond to.

Social status in the questionnaire what to write
Determining family status

Determining family status

Family category in the questionnaire what to write

family category in the questionnaire what to write

What is the social status of the family? Family social status: examples
What is social status in the questionnaire
The social status of the child in the questionnaire what to write
Family social status in the questionnaire

Family social status in the questionnaire

Social status in the questionnaire what to write
Gorokhova Elena Vladimirovna -
Social status in the questionnaire what to write
How to write about your financial situation, earnings, income, security
The social status of the family and its functions

Social status in the questionnaire what to write Rutkovskaya // Satsyyalna-pedagogical work. - 2007.

When studying such an issue as the social status of the family, the types of which have been amenable to detailed analysis by many researchers over the past centuries, one must realize how important the family is as a social institution, what functions it performs in our society. Without understanding what a family is in anthropology and psychology, it is impossible to understand why the state pays so much attention to its social status, and also to the strengthening of marriage relations in the country.

The family is one of the oldest social institutions. It is difficult to know for certain when it first appeared. Probably, this group is basically a continuation of the usual relationship for many animals. After all, not only man, but also some other species of living beings choose their partner for life. Perhaps a person took a similar custom with him, evolving into a rational being.

For different peoples and civilizations, the social unit occupied a different position and performed different functions. Somewhere she was only a small part of the general family, often without even having her own separate house. But there was always one thing - she acted as a means of protecting the individual. And she was also needed for raising children.

It is the socialization of the younger generation, that is, children, that is the main function that the family has been endowed with from time immemorial to the present day. As practice shows, it is in the family that children best learn the knowledge, skills and abilities they need to live in society.

This is due to the fact that imitation is the main means of understanding the world for a person in the first stages of life. Observing his parents, the child learns from their example, learns the necessary - from elementary actions like walking to complex non-verbal communication, that is, using facial expressions and gestures.

In recent years, there has been a tendency to reduce the role of the family in modern society. This is especially noticeable in the example of developed post-industrial countries, where raising children is relegated to the background, and to the first is building your own successful career, for which the family can often be not so much a support as a hindrance. But the family is unlikely to face complete extinction in the coming centuries. Let's not forget that this trend has not affected all countries of the world, and it is too early to say that this is an established movement.

The family as a social unit of society has a certain legal status.

According to the Family Code, this institution is a voluntary union of a man and a woman. Within the framework of this union, they receive certain property and other rights that persons who have never married cannot have in relation to each other. In recent years, it has become widespread practice that such an alliance is not formalized in any way. Speaking in relation to Russia, a civil status act was not drawn up with the registration of a marriage certificate. Some young people think this is a waste of time. However, without this procedure, it will be very difficult to prove that you were in a family relationship.

In case of separation, the division of property will not occur, and in the event of the death of one of the spouses, it will be almost impossible for the second to become an heir, if a will has not been drawn up. In addition, such a couple cannot qualify for benefits and similar measures of social support provided to families in many states, including the Russian Federation.

In modern society, this is not only a voluntary union (officially registered) of adults, but also their children. Such a union serves as a means of socializing children, creates property and other ties between spouses.

Now that you know what a family is, let's move on to such an issue as the social status of the family, let's figure out what provisions of modern legislation serve to determine the formulations of the social status of the marriage union.

The social status of the family is understood as the position that it occupies in society. These can be criteria of different types, including all aspects of marital status. For example, financial situation. Next, we will try to figure out what exactly is meant by social status, no matter what kind of presentation this term is.

The composition of the family is one of the determining factors of its social status. The term “complete and incomplete family” is often used. It is related to how many parents there are in the family - one or two. When it comes to an incomplete family, it is taken into account whether the parents are divorced, whether they entered into a marriage union. In this case, the family is considered to be the children and the parent who is raising them (most often the mother).

Another important parameter that helps determine the position of families in society is their financial wealth.

The peculiarities of the financial situation lie in the fact that the family budget is formed by working family members, and is spent on all its members, including children, of course. There is a certain subsistence minimum, which is calculated by the state as an amount sufficient to feed 1 person for a year.

Those unions whose total income, divided by all members, is insufficient to cover the minimum needs, are considered poor. The lack of government work in this area is that some families, especially young ones, find themselves below the poverty line as a result of the financial crisis and rising unemployment.

Those groups whose total income is sufficient to cover the subsistence minimum for all members are considered families with a normal level of income. Their income is sufficient to meet the necessary needs for food, clothing, and the like. Such families are considered prosperous, especially if they are full, that is, both parents are present.

The same unions, whose income significantly exceeds the subsistence level for each member, are considered to have a good level of income. Increasing the number of such families is the goal of any state, including the Russian one. After all, in them the socialization of children is much more effective, they receive a better education. They are more actively involved in political and public life, as they are not concerned about the daily search for a livelihood.

Some other factors also affect the social status of a certain couple in society, for example, the cohabitation of the spouses' parents, the presence of their own housing, and much more. All of them form the position that a particular cell of society occupies.

As for the general social status of the family in modern Russia, it remains quite high. The state has repeatedly affirmed the position of the family as a key unit, bearing in mind its role in shaping society and the life of the country. Various measures are being taken to strengthen families.

To maintain the social status of the family in modern society, it is seen as necessary that it is the further implementation of already begun programs and the opening of new ones, primarily aimed at improving the financial situation of the family, providing property support, and also protecting the family, from a legal point of view, from the negative impact of society.

A source:
The concept of the social status of the family types and meaning
When studying such an issue as the social status of the family, the types of which have been amenable to detailed analysis by many researchers over the past centuries, one must realize how important the family is as a social institution, what functions it performs in our society.
http://1poposobiyam.ru/raznoe/socialnyj-status-semi-vidy.html

Family social status

In vo, we have a complete biography in the garden, and about childbirth, and who is with whom, how he lives, who works where. almost the amount of income asked to indicate.

In the garden of the eldest, I was also given to fill out a questionnaire. also in quiet horror, why do they need such details

and on the reverse side is a genealogical history (what they were sick with) grandmothers, grandfathers, grandmothers, grandfathers and mom and dad.

PS. husband filled in. made fun of

Wow!)) You are cool.))))

full-incomplete, large or not. They do not have the right to ask about income at all, only if it is a question of clarifying whether the family receives benefits for children on recognition of it (the family) as poor.

Yes, most likely.

Marin, I heard that some schools also have such an item - about income. ((Of course, answering this question, in my opinion, is already a personal initiative. I would not answer such a question.

Len, The social status of a family has several concepts, so it is better, of course, to clarify in the kindergarten what exactly they meant by including such an item in the questionnaire. Well, the questions are in your questionnaire. Everything is simple with us: name of the child, DR, full name of parents, address of residence, contacts, and then a bunch of questions concerning only the child. What are the taste preferences (what does the child eat or not eat)? What kind of toys does he like to play? What does he like to play? What is your hobby? How does one fall asleep? What diseases does the child have that educators need to know about and other questions, but everything is only about the child himself.

A source:
Family social status
Entry of the user Elena (elena-68) in the diary from 2013-09-10 21:46:52 on Babyblog.ru
http://www.babyblog.ru/user/elena-68/3061587

The social status of the family and its typology

Consideration of the family as a holistic systemic formation in the process of social adaptation provides for the analysis of a number of its structural and functional characteristics, as well as the analysis of the individual characteristics of family members.

The following structural characteristics of the family are important for the teacher:

Ø presence of marriage partners (complete, formally complete, incomplete);

Ø stage of the family life cycle (young, mature, elderly);

Ø the procedure for entering into a marriage (primary, repeated);

Ø number of generations in the family (one or more generations);

Ø number of children (large, small).

Scientists have shown that a family can have at least 4 statuses: socio-economic, socio-psychological, socio-cultural and situational-role. The listed statuses characterize the state of the family, its position in a certain sphere of life at a particular moment in time.

Four categories of families are distinguished, differing in the level of social adaptation from high to medium, low and extremely low: prosperous families, families at risk, dysfunctional families, and asocial families.

Prosperous familiessuccessfully cope with their functions, practically do not need the support of a teacher, since due to adaptive abilities, which are based on material, psychological and other internal resources, they quickly adapt to the needs of their child and successfully solve the problems of his upbringing and development.

Families at riskare characterized by the presence of some deviation from the norms, which does not allow them to be defined as well-off, for example, an incomplete family, a low-income family, etc., and reduces the adaptive abilities of these families. They cope with the tasks of raising a child with great exertion of their strength.

Dysfunctional families, having a low social status in any of the spheres of life or in several at the same time, they cannot cope with the functions assigned to them, their adaptive abilities are significantly reduced, the process of family upbringing of a child proceeds with great difficulties, slowly, and is ineffective.

Asocial families – those with whom interaction takes place most laboriously and whose condition requires fundamental changes. In these families, where parents lead an immoral, illegal lifestyle and where living conditions do not meet basic sanitary and hygienic requirements, and, as a rule, no one is involved in raising children, children are neglected, half-starved, lagging behind in development, and become victims of violence both on the part of parents and other citizens of the same social stratum.

Family social status: what is it?

The family is a rather complex social formation. Sociologists are accustomed to viewing it as a system of close relations between individual members of society, which are linked by responsibility, marriage and kinship, and social necessity.

The problem of the adaptation of families in society is extremely acute for sociologists who are studying this issue. One of the main factors in the socialization of a married couple is precisely the social status of the family.

The main characteristics when considering social status are the material capabilities of members of society, united by marriage, the presence of common responsibility, educational obligations. There are also potential risk factors that increase the likelihood of losing acquired status. Thus, the rupture of marital relations most often leads to a deterioration in parent-child relations. Re-marriage is able to eliminate these negative tendencies to some extent.

Families, whose composition is distinguished by a complex structure, create a fertile ground for the formation of a diverse picture of interaction between individuals, which opens up wider opportunities for the socialization of the younger generation. However, highlighting the negative aspects of such a family education, one can note the presence of discomfort when several generations need to live together. The situation worsens in this case, the lack of personal space, space for the formation of an independent opinion.

What does the social status of a family mean? Its formation is largely influenced by the performance of certain functions by this public education. Among the main functions of the family are the following:

Reproductive - procreation, reproduction in the biological sense.
Educational - the spiritual development of offspring. The formation of a marital bond allows not only to create conditions for the birth and upbringing of a child. The presence of a certain atmosphere in the house affects the formation of the personality of babies, and sometimes affects a person throughout his life.
Household - the most important function on which the social status of the family depends. It consists in the ability to maintain the physical condition of relatives, caring for an unripe or elderly person.
Material - is determined by the ability of family members to mutual financial support.

Considering the social status of the family, types of statuses, first of all, one should look at the concept of a normal family. However, the idea of \u200b\u200bit is rather arbitrary and does not have a clear framework. Families are considered normal if they are able to ensure their own well-being at the minimum sufficient level, create healthy conditions for the socialization of the child, and take care of the protection of relatives and friends.

Despite the very definition, persons who secure this social status of the family experience certain difficulties. As common problems, it is worth highlighting the presence of conflicts and contradictions, which are manifested in connection with the transition to a new level in society, the influence of gradually changing living conditions.

An excessive desire to help separately living relatives, the formation of an atmosphere of excessive guardianship, or a too condescending attitude towards loved ones prevents the family from acquiring such a social status.

It is also worth paying attention to the so-called dysfunctional families, considering the social status of the family. What are the problem structures?

The very definition of social status indicates the presence of difficulties not only in the relationship between loved ones, but also in the search for individuals of their own place in society. Psychological troubles usually arise here due to the unmet needs of several or one family member.

A common problem in dysfunctional families is the presence of an unhealthy relationship between a couple or parent and child. Living in dysfunctional, problem families, children have to look for ways to overcome various psychological difficulties. Often this leads to the formation of psychogenic abnormalities, which later manifests itself in emotional rejection of the environment, poor development of parental feelings.

If we talk about the social status of the family, types of statuses, one cannot but single out such a widespread phenomenon as an asocial family. Here the interaction between individuals is most difficult.

It is possible to call asocial formations in which spouses are inclined to lead an indulgent or immoral lifestyle. As for the living conditions, in this case they do not meet the basic requirements of hygiene and sanitation. As a rule, the upbringing of children starts to flow. The younger generation is often subjected to moral and physical violence, and is experiencing developmental backwardness.

Most often, this category includes persons who have the social status of a large family. The main factor that leads to the formation of such a negative environment is low material security.

In families with a normal or prosperous social status, periods of decline often occur, which can potentially lead to a transition to a lower level of socialization. The main risk groups include:

Destructive families are characterized by frequent occurrence of conflict situations, lack of desire to form an emotional connection, separative behavior of spouses, the presence of complex conflicts between parents and children.
Incomplete families - the absence of one of the parents leads to incorrect self-determination of the child, a decrease in the diversity of family relationships.
Rigid families - the dominance of one individual is clearly manifested, which leaves an imprint on the family life of all related persons.
Broken families - maintaining family contacts with a separate lifestyle of the spouses. Such relationships leave a strong emotional connection between loved ones, but at the same time lead to some loss of their own role by the parents.

1.2 Social status of the family and its typology

Of all the problems facing the modern family, the most important for a social teacher is the problem of family adaptation in society. The main characteristic of the adaptation process is social status, i.e. the state of the family in the process of its adaptation in society.

Consideration of the family in the process of social adaptation involves a number of structural and functional characteristics, as well as an analysis of the individual characteristics of family members.

For the social educator, the following structural characteristics of the family are important:

Marital partners (complete, formally complete, incomplete);

Family life cycle stage (young, mature, mature);

Marriage procedure (primary, repeated);

The number of generations in the family (one or more generations);

Number of children (large, small).

In addition to the structural and functional characteristics that reflect the state of the family as a whole, the individual characteristics of its members are also important for social and pedagogical activity. These include socio - demographic, physiological, psychological, pathological habits of adult family members. And also the characteristics of the child: age, level of physical, mental, speech development in accordance with the age of the child; interests, abilities; educational institution that he attends; the success of communication and learning; the presence of behavioral deviations, pathological habits, speech and mental disorders.

The first component of the social adaptation of the family is the financial situation of the family. To assess the material well-being of a family, which consists of monetary and property security, several quantitative and qualitative criteria are needed: the level of family income, its living conditions, the subject environment, as well as the socio-demographic characteristics of its members, which constitutes the socio-economic status of the family.

The second component of the family's social adaptation is its psychological climate - a more or less stable emotional attitude, which develops as a result of the moods of family members, their emotional experiences, relationships to each other, to other people, to work, to surrounding events.

As indicators of the state of the psychological climate of the family, the following are distinguished: the degree of emotional comfort, the level of anxiety, the degree of mutual understanding, respect, support, help, empathy and mutual influence; place of leisure time (in the family or outside of it), openness of the family in relations with the immediate environment.

Relationships built on the principles of equality and cooperation, respect for individual rights, characterized by mutual affection, emotional closeness, satisfaction of each of the family members with the quality of these relationships are considered favorable; in this case, the socio-psychological status of the family is assessed as high.

Unfavorable psychological climate in the family is the difficulties and conflicts; family members experience constant anxiety, emotional discomfort; alienation reigns in relationships. All this prevents the family from fulfilling one of its main functions - psychotherapeutic, that is, relieving stress and fatigue, replenishing the physical and mental strength of each family member.

The third component of the structure of social adaptation of the family is sociocultural adaptation. When determining the general culture of the family, it is necessary to take into account the level of education of its adult members, since it is recognized as one of the determining factors

moat in the upbringing of children, as well as the direct everyday and behavioral culture of family members.

The level of family culture is considered high if the family copes with the role of the guardian of customs and traditions; has a wide range of interests, developed spiritual needs; in the family life is rationally organized, leisure is varied.

If the spiritual needs of the family are not developed, the range of interests is limited, life is not organized, there is no cultural, leisure and labor activity uniting the family, the moral regulation of the behavior of family members is weak; the family leads a dysfunctional lifestyle, then its level of culture is low.

In the case when a family does not have a full set of characteristics indicating a high level of culture, but realizes the gaps in its cultural level and is active in the direction of its increase, we can talk about the average sociocultural status of the family.

The state of the psychological climate of the family and its cultural level are indicators that mutually influence each other, since a favorable psychological climate serves as a reliable basis for the moral upbringing of children, their high emotional culture.

The fourth indicator is situational-role adaptation, which is associated with the attitude towards the child in the family. In the case of a constructive attitude towards the child, high culture and family activity in solving the child's problems, her situational-role status is high; if in relation to the child there is an accentuation on his problems, then it is average. In the case of ignoring the child's problems and even more negative attitudes towards him, which, as a rule, are combined with low culture and family activity, the situational role status is low.

From the existing set of family typologies (psychological, pedagogical, sociological), four categories of families are distinguished.

Well-off families successfully cope with their functions, practically do not need the support of a social teacher, since due to adaptive abilities, which are based on material, psychological and other internal resources, they quickly adapt to the needs of their child and successfully solve the problems of his upbringing and development. In case of problems, a one-time, one-time assistance within the framework of short-term work models is enough for them.

Families of the risk group are characterized by the presence of some deviation from the norms, which does not allow them to be defined as well-off, for example, an incomplete family, a low-income family, etc., and reduces the adaptive abilities of these families. They cope with the tasks of raising a child with great exertion of their strength, therefore, a social teacher needs to monitor the state of the family.

Dysfunctional families, have a low social status, do not cope with the functions assigned to them, their adaptive abilities are significantly reduced, the process of family upbringing of a child proceeds with great difficulties, slowly, with little result. This type of family requires active and usually long-term support from a social educator.

Asocial families are those with which interaction is most laborious and whose condition needs fundamental changes. In these families, where parents lead an immoral, illegal lifestyle and where living conditions do not meet basic sanitary and hygienic requirements, and, as a rule, no one is involved in raising children, children are neglected, half-starved, lagging behind in development, and become victims of violence , both on the part of parents and other citizens of the same social stratum. The work of a social educator with these families should be carried out in close contact with law enforcement agencies, as well as with guardianship and guardianship authorities.

1.3 Parents' pedagogical style

By a certain age, any person develops stereotypes of behavior. This is not to say that stereotypes are completely useless or harmful. They help us to be ourselves. On the other hand, sometimes it gets in the way of being flexible in changing circumstances.

One of these stereotypes is the parenting style that each parent develops, willingly or unwillingly. Of course, any typology is rather arbitrary. In addition, we can combine the features of different parenting styles.

1. Submissive style.

Adherents of this style require unquestioning obedience from the child in everything. A child may react to this attitude in different ways. One is outwardly obedient, but internally protests, and such a contradiction can lead him to neurosis. Another is constantly rude and insolent to parents.

2. Overly demanding style.

It is expressed in the desire to accelerate the development of the child. Such parents require perfection in everything from a child or teenager. They scold for the slightest mistake in school or household chores. They attach great importance to the acquisition of knowledge and skills, but not to the emotional development of children. In communication with them, they try to show as little feelings as possible. The reaction of children to inflated and premature demands: depression, lack of confidence in their own abilities, constant fear of disappointing their parents, which also leads to neuroses.

3. Softening style.

For him, on the contrary, is characterized by a constant understatement of the requirements for the child, the justification of any actions. They try to find a kind, undemanding teacher for the child, relieve any stress, do not encourage the manifestation of initiative. Such children grow up weak-willed, unable to bear responsibility for the events of their lives.

4. The protective style is close to this type of upbringing.

Parents are in constant concern for the child, watch his every step, fulfill any desire. They try to avoid the slightest physical or psychological discomfort. Dependence on parents is formed in everything up to adulthood.

5. Overly passionate style.

More peculiar to mothers. He is characterized by an excessive manifestation of his feelings for children, admiration for their beauty, abilities, constant hugs, kisses, etc. Accustomed to expressing constant love and worship in the family, the child expects the same from all the people around him. Not receiving the expected assessment and care, he considers the attitude of his classmates and teachers to be unfair.

6. Sloppy style.

Differs in complete inattention to the inner world of the child, his mental states, experiences. The child is left to himself. There is no exactingness, but there is no encouragement and necessary affection, love. Indifference to the child gives rise to indifference to his own appearance, to the experiences of others, to study. Often, especially sensitive and withdrawn children develop cruelty, a desire to hurt someone.

7. Threatening style.

It manifests itself in the readiness to punish the child for any, major or minor, offense, in constant threats. Everyone in the family is in constant tension, ready to break off at any moment. Can form the child's habit of cunning, dodging to avoid punishment. Or giving up your own point of view, just not to get involved. As they get older, some children generally stop responding to threats, become unmanageable.

The germs of those sins and sinful inclinations that they inherited. The transition of our children to a new level of spiritual life in comparison with ours is the main goal of Christian education in the family. Let the children be ahead of us not only in the physical, intellectual and other spheres, but the main thing is that they make a breakthrough in the spiritual sphere of being. In practice, this task is solved only through ...

Educators and educators, the organization of certain relationships between them, the development of the activity of the educated, leading to the assimilation of socially significant social experience by them. 1.3 A.S. Makarenko on the forms of raising children in a family As you know, pedagogical interaction of people is not limited only by the framework of an educational institution. Its tasks are also solved by other social structures ...

And raising children. Public, family and school types of education are carried out in an indissoluble unity. The elementary school teacher relies on the family in raising children, directs family education in a humanistic direction. He understands well the problems of the modern family, does everything in his power to ensure that the processes of family and school education are coordinated. A family for a child is ...

The health of children is an important matter, but only a few really use the possibilities of physical culture for this. And the parents themselves, for the most part, self-critically assess their participation in the physical education of children, referring to a number of reasons that prevent them from showing themselves more worthy. Indeed, some of the parents do not have sufficient physical education. Observations show ...

The social status of the family and its typology.

Of all the problems facing the modern family, the most important for a social teacher is the problem of family adaptation in society. The main characteristic of the adaptation process is social status, that is, the state of the family in the process of its adaptation in society.

1.social and economic

2.social and psychological

3.social and cultural

4. situational role.

The first moment of social adaptation of the family is the financial situation of the family. To assess the material well-being of a family, which consists of monetary and property security, several quantitative and qualitative criteria are needed: the level of family income, its living conditions, the subject environment, as well as the socio-demographic characteristics of its members, which is the socio-economic status of the family.

If the level of family income, as well as the number of living conditions, is below the established norms (the size of the subsistence minimum, etc.), as a result of which the family cannot meet the most basic needs for food, clothing, payment for housing, then such a family is considered poor, its socio-economic status - low.

If the material well-being of the family meets the minimum social standards, that is, the family copes with the basic needs of life support, but lacks material resources to satisfy leisure, educational and other social needs, then such a family is considered to be low-income, its socio-economic status is average.

The high level of income and the quality of housing conditions (2 or more times higher than social norms), which allows not only to satisfy the basic needs of life support, but also to use various types of services, indicate that the family is financially secure, has a high socio-economic status.

The second component of the family's social adaptation is its psychological climate - a more or less stable emotional attitude, which develops as a result of the moods of family members, their emotional experiences, attitudes towards each other, towards other people, towards work, towards the surrounding events.

To know and be able to assess the state of the psychological climate of the family, or in other words, its socio-psychological status, it is advisable to divide all relationships into separate spheres according to the principle of the subjects participating in them: into marital, child-parental and relations with the immediate environment.

Relationships built on the principles of equality and cooperation, respect for individual rights, characterized by mutual affection, emotional closeness, satisfaction of each member of this family with the quality of these relations are considered favorable; in this case, the socio-psychological status is assessed as high.

The psychological climate in the family is unfavorable when chronic difficulties and conflicts exist in one or several areas of family relationships; family members experience constant anxiety, emotional discomfort; alienation reigns in relationships. All this prevents the family from performing one of its main functions - psychotherapeutic, that is, relieving stress and fatigue, replenishing the physical and mental strength of each family member. In this situation, the socio-psychological climate is low. Moreover, unfavorable relationships can be transformed into crisis ones, characterized by complete misunderstanding, hostility to each other, outbursts of violence (mental, physical, emotional), a desire to break the bonds that tie. Examples of crisis relationships: divorce, a child running away from home, termination of relationships with relatives.

The intermediate state of the family, when unfavorable tendencies are still weakly expressed, do not have a chronic nature, is regarded as satisfactory, in this case the socio-psychological status of the family is considered average.

The third component of the structure of social adaptation of the family is sociocultural adaptation. When determining the general culture of a family, it is necessary to take into account the level of education of its adult members, since it is recognized as one of the determining factors in the upbringing of children, as well as the immediate everyday and behavioral culture of family members.

The level of family culture is considered high if the family copes with the role of the keeper of customs and traditions (family holidays are preserved, oral folk art is supported); has a wide range of interests, developed spiritual needs; in the family, everyday life is rationally organized, leisure is diverse, and joint forms of leisure and household activities prevail; the family is focused on all-round (aesthetic, physical, emotional, labor) upbringing of the child and supports a healthy lifestyle.

If the spiritual needs of the family are not developed, the range of interests is limited, life is not organized, there is no cultural, leisure and labor activity uniting the family, the moral regulation of the behavior of family members is weak (violent methods of regulation prevail); the family leads a dysfunctional (unhealthy, immoral) lifestyle, then its level of culture is low.

In the case when a family does not have a full set of characteristics that indicate a high level of culture, but realizes the gaps in its cultural level and is active in the direction of its increase, we can talk about the average sociocultural status of the family.

The fourth indicator is situational role adaptation, which is associated with the attitude towards the child in the family. In the case of a constructive attitude towards the child, high culture and family activity in solving the child's problems, her situational-role status is high; if in relation to the child there is an accentuation on his problems, then it is average. In the case of ignoring the child's problems and even more negative attitudes towards him, which, as a rule, are combined with low culture and family activity, the situational role status is low.

Typologies: from the existing set of family typologies (psychological, pedagogical, sociological), the following complex typology meets the tasks of a social teacher, which provides for the identification of four categories of families that differ in the level of social adaptation from high to medium, low and extremely low: prosperous families, families at risk, dysfunctional families, asocial families.

Prosperous families successfully cope with their functions, practically do not need the support of a social teacher, since due to adaptive abilities, which are based on material, psychological and other internal resources, they quickly adapt to the needs of their child and successfully solve the problems of his upbringing and development. In case of problems, a one-time, one-time assistance within the framework of short-term work models is enough for them.

Families at risk are characterized by the presence of some deviation from the norms, which does not allow them to be defined as well-off, for example, an incomplete family, a low-income family, etc., and reduces the adaptive abilities of these families. They cope with the tasks of raising a child with great exertion of their strength, therefore, a social teacher needs to observe the state of the family, the maladjusting factors in it, track how much they are compensated by other positive characteristics, and, if necessary, offer timely help.

Dysfunctional familieshaving a low social status in any of the spheres of life or in several at the same time, they cannot cope with the functions assigned to them, their adaptive abilities are significantly reduced, the process of family upbringing of a child proceeds with great difficulties, slowly, and has little effect. This type of family requires active and usually long-term support from a social educator. Depending on the nature of the problems, the social teacher provides such families with educational, psychological, and mediatory assistance in the framework of long-term forms of work.

Asocial families - those with whom the interaction takes place most laboriously, and whose condition requires fundamental changes. In these families, where parents lead an immoral, illegal lifestyle and where living conditions do not meet basic sanitary and hygienic requirements, and, as a rule, no one is involved in raising children, children are neglected, half-starved, lagging behind in development, and become victims violence from both parents and other citizens of the same social stratum. The work of a social educator with these families should be carried out in close contact with law enforcement agencies, as well as with guardianship and guardianship authorities.

Classification of families. The main functions of the family.

Monogamous patriarchal family is a family in which the father is the head and the owner of the property. The immediate reason for the transition to this type of family is believed to be the emergence of private property and the related issue of inheritance. Among some nomadic peoples, a young woman was taken as a wife only after she had a child in her mother's family, that is, she proved that she could be a mother, could bring an heir to property, a clan.

Individual (nuclear, monogamous) family - the most common in the modern world. It differs in that it is not only public, but also legally recognized, it is formed as a result of a legal act - a civil or church marriage, or both. It should be noted that the number of family members tends to decrease. A typical modern family is a husband, wife, one or two children. Along with a decrease in the number of family members, the nature of the relationship between its members also changes.

1.According to the family experience of the spouses. Families are distinguished here:

family of newlyweds. This is a newly born family, a family in the honey period, which lasts for different people at different times. A typical state for such a family is a state of euphoria: their bright dreams, hopes, plans, often divorced from reality, have not yet been dispelled. They still have everything ahead, they understand everything, everything is simple for them in life. And they are still sure that together they can move mountains.

young family - the next stage (for some in six months or a year, while for others it is much earlier if the honey period is shortened). This is the family that faced the first, unexpected obstacles for them. Here, spouses suddenly discover from their own experience that love alone is not enough. The first disagreements appear, the desire to change, remake him.

family expecting a child. A young family, expecting their first child, rises to this level. At this time, the spouse changes noticeably, the father becomes unrecognizable. A young husband's concern for his wife knows no bounds.

middle-aged family (from three to ten years of cohabitation). This is the most dangerous period of her life. Because it is during these years that boredom, monotony, stereotypes appear in the relationship of spouses, conflicts flare up and most of the divorces occur during the designated period.

senior married family(10-20 years old). The moral and psychological well-being of the spouses at this stage largely depends on the wealth of their personalities, mutual compliance.

elderly couples. This type of families arises after the marriage of their children, the appearance of grandchildren.

2.By the number of children, the following types of families are distinguished:

childless (infertile) families, where within 10 years of cohabitation the child did not appear. Every third family from this group breaks up at the initiative of men.

one-child family. There are 53.6% of such families in cities, and 38-41.1% in the countryside. Of these families, about one in two falls apart. But if such a family is preserved, then its pedagogical capabilities, the conditions for the growth and development of the child are not favorable enough. Many sociologists note that these people are irresponsible, lack of industriousness and egocentrism.

small family (family with two children). The stability of the family with the birth of the second child increases, according to the observations of sociologists, 3 times.

the large family - this is now considered a family in which there are three or more children. In this type of family, divorce is extremely rare, and if sometimes it happens, it is because of the economic or moral and psychological failure of the husband.

3. By the composition of the family.

incomplete family - when the family has only one parent with children. This happens either as a result of the death of one of the spouses, or as a result of divorces, but often as a result of the illegitimate birth of a child, or even the adoption by a single woman of another's child. Children in these families are distinguished by great independence, intelligence and emotionality.

separate, simple family (nuclear) It is formed by spouses with or without children, living separately from their parents. They have complete independence and therefore organize their lives the way they want. Here are the best conditions for self-expression, the manifestation of the abilities, personal qualities of each of the spouses.

complex family (extended) - consists of representatives of several generations. Now, according to sociological research, up to 70% of young spouses under the age of 20 live in such families. In such a family, life is better, the young have more free time, and major quarrels occur less often. At the same time, in such families, the question of divorce from parents often arises - because of the interference of some of them in the lives of their children, petty custody of them, because of the natural desire of young people for independence.

big family, consisting of three or more married couples (parent couple and several children with their families). But for a modern person, overloaded with forced communications at work, they are not suitable.

Functions.

Social functions mean the basic needs of society and people, which are satisfied by the family. The most important functions of the family and marriage include:

1. Reproduction of the population. Society cannot exist if there is no established system for replacing one generation with another. The family is a guaranteed and institutionalized means of replenishing the population with new generations.

2. Socialization... The new generation, replacing the old, is able to learn social roles only in the process of socialization. The family is the cell of primary socialization. Parents pass on their life experience, modal attitudes to their children, inculcate the ("positive") manners accepted in this society, teach crafts and theoretical knowledge, lay the foundations for mastering oral and written speech, and control the actions of children.

3. Care and protection. The family provides its members with guardianship, protection, social security. Children not only need a roof over their heads, food and clothing, but they also need the emotional support of their father and mother at a time in their lives when no one else offers such protection and support. The family supports those of its members who, due to disability, old age or young years, are unable to take care of themselves.

4. Social self-determination. Legalizing the birth of a person means his legal and social definition. Thanks to the family, a person receives a surname, name and patronymic, the right to dispose of inheritance and housing. He belongs to the same class, race, ethnicity and religious group to which the parental family belongs. It also determines the social status of the individual.

In addition to the above, the most important functions of the family include: organizing everyday life, organizing personal consumption, psychological and material and household support for family members, etc.

Along with the main function, the family performs a number of other important social functions:

educational- socialization of the younger generation, maintenance of cultural reproduction of society;

regenerative ("Renewal") - transfer of status, property, social status;

household - maintaining the physical health of members of society, caring for children and elderly family members;

economic - receiving material resources of some family members for others, economic support for minors and disabled members of society;

sphere of primary social control - moral regulation of the behavior of family members in various spheres of life, as well as regulation of responsibility and obligations in relations between spouses, parents and children, representatives of the older and middle generations;

spiritual communication- personal development of family members, spiritual mutual enrichment;

sexually erotic - satisfaction of the sexual needs of spouses, sexual control;

social status - granting a certain social status to family members, reproduction of the social structure;

leisure- organization of rational leisure, mutual enrichment of interests;

emotional - receiving psychological protection, emotional support, emotional stabilization of individuals and their psychological therapy;

recreational ("recovery") - the function of restoring psychological health, achieving psychological comfort.

Children's rights and responsibilities of parents.

Declaration of the rights of the child. The General Assembly proclaims this Declaration on the Rights of the Child in order to ensure a happy childhood and enjoy the rights and freedoms that are provided for in society for their own benefit, and calls on parents to recognize and endeavor to respect these rights.

Principle 1. The child must have all the rights specified in this Declaration. These rights should be recognized for all children without any exceptions and without distinction or discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other circumstance concerning the child or his families.

Principle 2. The child must be provided with special protection by law and other means, and provided with opportunities and favorable conditions that would enable him to develop physically, mentally, morally, spiritually and socially healthy and normal. The best interests of the child should be a primary consideration in promulgating laws for this purpose.

Principle 3. The child must have the right to a name and citizenship from birth.

Principle 4. The child should enjoy the benefits of social security. He should have the right to healthy growth and development. To this end, special care and protection must be provided for both him and his mother, including adequate prenatal and postnatal care. The child must have the right to adequate food, housing and health care.

Principle 5. A child who is physically, mentally or socially handicapped should be provided with a special treatment, education and care necessary for his special development.

Principle 6. For the full and harmonious development of his personality, a child needs love and understanding. He should, whenever possible, grow up under the care and responsibility of his parents, and in any case in an atmosphere of love and moral and material security. A minor child should not, except in exceptional circumstances, be separated from his mother. Society and public authorities should have an obligation to take special care of children, not

have families, and children who do not have sufficient means of subsistence. It is desirable that large families be provided with state or other child support benefits.

Principle 7. The child has the right to receive education, which should be free and compulsory, at least in the initial stages. He must be given an education that is consistent with his general cultural development and through which he could, on the basis of equality of opportunity, develop his abilities and personal judgment, as well as a sense of moral and social responsibility and become a useful member of society.

The best interests of the child should be the guiding principle for those who are responsible for their education and training, this responsibility lies primarily with the parents.

The child should be provided with full opportunities for games and entertainment that would be directed towards the goals pursued by education. Society and public authorities should make efforts to promote the implementation of this right.

Principle 8. The child must be protected from all forms of neglect, abuse, exploitation. It must not be traded, in any form.

Principle 9. A child should not be recruited until the age limit is reached. In no case should he be entrusted or allowed to work or occupy which would be harmful to his health or education or hinder his physical, mental or moral development.

Principle 10. The child should be protected from practices that may encourage racial, religious or any other form of discrimination. He must be brought up in the spirit of mutual understanding, tolerance, friendship among peoples, peace and universal brotherhood, and also in full consciousness that his energy and abilities should be devoted to serving for the benefit of other people.

Responsibilities of the parents. It is the responsibility of parents to educate their children. They are responsible for them and are responsible for their health, physical, mental, moral, spiritual development. Parents are obliged to provide the child with basic general education. Every child must attend school.

It is the responsibility of parents to protect the interests of their children. They are the legal representatives of the child and can defend their rights and interests in relation to individuals and legal entities. Parents do not have this right, only if the guardianship authorities consider the actions of the parents to be contrary to the interests of the child.

Parents have no right to harm the health of their children, including mental health and moral development. They are responsible in the manner prescribed by law. Parents should not be cruel, treat the child with disdain, insult and humiliate the child.

If the parents have a disagreement over the upbringing and education of the child and cannot resolve them on their own, they have the right to apply to the guardianship and guardianship authorities or even to the court.

It is the responsibility of parents to support their children. If parents avoid such obligations, then the alimony funds can be recovered in court. If necessary, the parents can conclude an agreement on the payment of alimony, and in the absence of an agreement, the court will collect these funds.

The main functions of the family

The role of the family in society is incomparable in its strength with any other social institutions, since it is in the family that a person's personality is formed and develops, and he masters the social roles necessary for the painless adaptation of a child in society. The family acts as the first educational institution, a connection with which a person feels throughout his life.

It is in the family that the foundations of human morality are laid, norms of behavior are formed, the inner world and individual qualities of a person are revealed. The family contributes not only to the formation of personality, but also to the self-affirmation of a person, stimulates his social, creative activity, reveals individuality.

Statistics show that the transition to a market economic system has a very painful effect on the state of the family as a social institution. Demographers record a catastrophic drop in the birth rate, sociologists note an increase in the number of asocial families and predict a decline in living standards, a decline in the moral foundations of family education.

Throughout the centuries, the family has felt the need to receive support in raising their children. History shows that when people lived in large families, the necessary knowledge and skills of family life were passed on from generation to generation naturally and everyday. In modern industrial society, when family ties between generations are broken, the transfer of the necessary knowledge about forming a family and raising children becomes one of the important concerns of society.

The deeper the gap between generations, the more tangible is the need for parents to receive qualified help in raising their children. At present, the need for assistance to parents in raising children from professional psychologists, social workers, social educators and other specialists is becoming increasingly clear. Studies show that not only dysfunctional, but also quite prosperous families need advice from these specialists.

The current situation in which our society finds itself demanded a search for a new model of social education of the individual in an open social environment, which is carried out today not only by parents, but also by their assistants - a social teacher, educators, teachers, the public.

There are several definitions of a family. First, a family is a small social group based on marriage and (or) consanguinity, the members of which are united by cohabitation and housekeeping, emotional connection and mutual obligations towards each other.

Secondly, a family is a social institution characterized by a stable form of relationships between people, within the framework of which the main part of people's daily life is carried out: sexual relations, childbearing and primary socialization of children, a significant part of household care, educational and medical services, etc.

Family and marriage relations can be traced in the history of mankind from fairly early eras. Already in the Neolithic (15-20 thousand years ago), to which the emergence of Homo sapiens belongs, there were stable communities of people based on the natural gender and age division of functions, jointly managing the household, raising children.

In the deep foundation of the family lie physiological needs, which in the animal world are called the reproductive instinct. But in addition to biological laws that are manifested in the life of the family, there are also social laws, since the family is a social formation, which has its own traditions and specifics in each specific historical type of society.

With all the differences in family relationships recorded in history, there is something in common that unites all families. This is a family way of life, in which humanity has found the only opportunity to exist, expressing its socio-biological nature.

Scientists identify various functions of the family. We will focus on those that relate primarily to the upbringing and development of the child.

Reproductive function (from Lat. productjo - self-reproduction, reproduction, production of offspring) is due to the need to continue the human race.

The demographic situation in Russia today is developing in such a way that the death rate exceeds the birth rate. In recent years, there has been a trend towards an increase in the proportion of families consisting of 2-3 persons. Children, according to such families, are possible restrictions on the freedom of parents: in education, work, professional development, and the realization of their abilities.

Unfortunately, the attitude towards childlessness is not just there, it is increasingly spreading to spouses of childbearing age. This is due to growing material and economic difficulties, a spiritual and material crisis, as a result of which prestigious things (a car, a pedigree dog, a villa, etc.) become priorities in the value system, and other reasons.

A number of factors can be identified that determine the reduction in the size of the family: the fall in the birth rate; the tendency to separate young families from their parents; an increase in the proportion of families with one parent in the population as a result of an increase in divorce, widowhood, and the birth of children by single mothers; the quality of public health and the level of health care development in the country. According to experts, 10-15% of the adult population for health reasons are not able to have children due to poor ecology, immoral lifestyle, disease, poor nutrition, etc.

Economic and household function... Historically, the family has always been the main economic unit of society. Hunting and farming, craft and trade could exist, since the family has always had a division of functions. Traditionally, women were in charge of the household, men were engaged in crafts. In the age of the scientific and technological revolution, many aspects of people's lives associated with everyday services - cooking, washing, cleaning, sewing clothes, etc. - were partially shifted to the sphere of household services.

The economic function was associated with the accumulation of wealth for family members: a dowry for the bride, kalym for the groom, inherited things, insurance for a wedding, for the day of majority, accumulation of funds.

The socio-economic changes taking place in our society are again activating the economic function of the family in matters of accumulating property, acquiring property, privatizing housing, inheritance, etc.

Primary socialization function... It is due to the fact that the family is the first and main social group that actively influences the formation of the child's personality. In the family, the natural biological and social ties of parents and children are intertwined. These connections are very important, because they determine the characteristics of the development of the psyche and the primary socialization of children at the earliest stage of their development.

As one of the important factors of social impact, a specific social microenvironment, the family has an overall impact on the physical, mental and social development of the child. The role of the family is to gradually introduce the child into society so that his development is in accordance with the nature of the child and the culture of the country where he was born.

Teaching the child the social experience that mankind has accumulated, the culture of the country where he was born and grows up, its moral norms, the traditions of the people is a direct function of the parents.

Educational function... The upbringing of a child in a family plays an important role in the process of primary socialization, therefore we will single out this function separately. Parents were and remain the first educators of the child.

Raising a child in a family is a complex social and pedagogical process. It includes the influence of the entire atmosphere and microclimate of the family on the formation of the child's personality. The possibility of an upbringing influence on a child is already inherent in the very nature of the attitude of parents to children, the essence of which lies in the reasonable care, the conscious care of the elders for the younger ones. Father and mother show care, attention, affection for their child, protect from life's adversities and difficulties. There are requirements of parents that are different in nature and the characteristics of the relationship between parents and children.

The parents' requirements are realized in their conscious upbringing activity with the help of persuasion, a certain way of life and activity of the child, etc. The personal example of parents is the most important means of influencing the upbringing of a child. Its educational value is based on the propensity to imitate inherent in childhood. Not having enough knowledge and experience, the child copies adults, imitates their actions. The nature of parental relationships, the degree of their mutual consent, attention, sensitivity and respect, ways of solving various problems, the tone and nature of conversations - all this is perceived by the child and becomes a model for his own behavior.

The direct experience of the child, acquired in the family, at a young age sometimes becomes the only criterion of the child's attitude to the world around him, people.

True, even in a family, upbringing can be deformed, when parents are sick, lead an immoral lifestyle, do not have a pedagogical culture, etc. Of course, the family affects the development of the personality of children not just by the very fact that there is a family, but by a favorable moral psychological climate, healthy relationships between its members.

Recreational and psychotherapeutic function... Its meaning is that the family should be the niche where a person could feel absolutely protected, be absolutely accepted, despite his status, appearance, life success, financial situation, etc.

The expression “my home is my fortress” well expresses the idea that a healthy, non-conflict family is the most reliable support, the best refuge, where you can, at least for a while, hide from all the worries of the outside world, rest and recuperate.

The traditional model, when a wife met her husband at the hearth, resignedly enduring all the insults and irritations of her master, is becoming a thing of the past. The overwhelming majority of women today also work and also bring a load of fatigue into their homes. Observations show that strength is restored most fully in a family environment, in communication with loved ones, children. A joint vacation with children is a factor that has a beneficial effect on the strength of the family, which in our conditions has become almost impossible.

Thus, human existence is currently organized in the form of a family lifestyle. Each of the functions can be realized with more or less success outside the family, but their totality can be performed only in the family.

The social status of the family and its typology

Of all the problems facing the modern family, the most important for a social teacher is the problem of family adaptation in society. The main characteristic of the adaptation process is social status, that is, the state of the family in the process of its adaptation in society.

For the social educator, the following structural characteristics of the family are important:

¨ presence of marriage partners (complete, formally complete, incomplete);

¨ stage of the family life cycle (young, mature, elderly);

¨ order of marriage (primary, repeated);

¨ number of generations in the family (one or several generations);

¨ number of children (large, small).

The listed characteristics cover both the resource potential of the family (material, educational, etc.) and potential factors of social risk. For example, the repetition of marriage makes up for the lost matrimonial and child-parental ties, but can cause negative tendencies in the state of the psychological climate of the family and in the upbringing of children; the complex composition of the family, on the one hand, creates a more diverse picture of role interactions, which means a wider field of socialization of the child, on the other hand, in conditions of a shortage of housing, the forced cohabitation of several generations can cause increased conflict in the family, etc.

In addition to the structural and functional characteristics that reflect the state of the family as a whole, the individual characteristics of its members are also important for social and pedagogical activity. These include the socio-demographic, physiological, psychological, pathological habits of adult family members, as well as the characteristics of the child: age, level of physical, mental, speech development in accordance with the age of the child; interests, abilities; educational institution that he attends; the success of communication and learning; the presence of behavioral deviations, pathological habits, speech and mental disorders.

The combination of the individual characteristics of family members with its structural and functional parameters adds up to a complex characteristic - the status of the family. Scientists have shown that a family can have at least 4 statuses: socio-economic, socio-psychological, socio-cultural and situational-role. The listed statuses characterize the state of the family, its position in a certain sphere of life at a particular moment in time, that is, they represent a cut of a certain state of the family in the continuous process of its adaptation in society. The structure of the social adaptation of the family is shown in the diagram:

The first component of the social adaptation of the family is family financial situation... To assess the material well-being of a family, which consists of monetary and property security, several quantitative and qualitative criteria are needed: the level of family income, its living conditions, the subject environment, as well as the socio-demographic characteristics of its members, which constitutes the socio-economic status of the family.

If the level of family income, as well as the quality of living conditions, is below the established norms (the size of the subsistence minimum, etc.), as a result of which the family cannot meet the most basic needs for food, clothing, payment for housing, then such a family is considered poor, its socio-economic status - low.

If the material well-being of the family meets the minimum social standards, i.e. the family copes with the basic needs of life support, but lacks material resources to satisfy leisure, educational and other social needs, then such a family is considered to be low-income, its socio-economic status is average.

The high level of income and quality of housing conditions (2 or more times higher than social norms), which allows not only to meet the basic needs of life support, but also to use various types of services, indicates that the family is financially secure, has a high socio-economic status.

The second component of the social adaptation of the family is its psychological climate - a more or less stable emotional attitude, which develops as a result of the moods of family members, their emotional experiences, relationships to each other, to other people, to work, to surrounding events.

In order to know and be able to assess the state of the psychological climate of the family, or in other words, its socio-psychological status, it is advisable to divide all relationships into separate areas according to the principle of the subjects participating in them: marital, parent-child and relationships with the immediate environment.

The psychological climate in the family is unfavorable when chronic difficulties and conflicts exist in one or several areas of family relationships; family members experience constant anxiety, emotional discomfort; alienation reigns in relationships. All this prevents the family from fulfilling one of its main functions - psychotherapeutic, that is, relieving stress and fatigue, replenishing the physical and mental strength of each family member. In this situation, the socio-psychological climate is low. Moreover, unfavorable relationships can transform into crisis ones, characterized by complete misunderstanding, hostility to each other, outbreaks of violence (mental, physical, sexual), a desire to break the bonds that tie. Examples of crisis relationships: divorce, a child running away from home, termination of relationships with relatives.

The third component of the structure of social adaptation of the family is sociocultural adaptation... When determining the general culture of a family, it is necessary to take into account the level of education of its adult members, since it is recognized as one of the determining factors in the upbringing of children, as well as the immediate everyday and behavioral culture of family members.

If the spiritual needs of the family are not developed, the range of interests is limited, life is not organized, there is no cultural, leisure and labor activity uniting the family, the moral regulation of the behavior of family members is weak (violent methods of regulation prevail); the family leads a dysfunctional (unhealthy, immoral) lifestyle, then its level of culture is low.

The state of the psychological climate of the family and its cultural level are indicators that mutually affect each other, since a favorable psychological climate serves as a reliable basis for the moral education of children, their high emotional culture.

Fourth indicator - situational role adaptation, which is associated with the attitude towards the child in the family. In the case of a constructive attitude towards the child, high culture and family activity in solving the child's problems, her situational-role status is high; if in relation to the child there is an accentuation on his problems, then it is average. In the case of ignoring the child's problems and even more negative attitudes towards him, which, as a rule, are combined with low culture and family activity, the situational role status is low.

Based on the analysis of the structural and functional characteristics of the family, as well as the individual characteristics of its members, one can determine its structural and functional type and, at the same time, draw a conclusion about the level of social adaptation of the family in society.

Of the existing set of family typologies (psychological, pedagogical, sociological), the following complex typology meets the tasks of a social teacher, which provides for the identification of four categories of families that differ in the level of social adaptation from high to medium, low and extremely low: prosperous families, families at risk, dysfunctional families, asocial families.

Prosperous families successfully cope with their functions, practically do not need the support of a social teacher, since due to adaptive abilities, which are based on material, psychological and other internal resources, they quickly adapt to the needs of their child and successfully solve the problems of his upbringing and development. In case of problems, a one-time, one-time assistance within the framework of short-term work models is enough for them.

Families at risk are characterized by the presence of some deviation from the norms, which does not allow them to be defined as well-off, for example, an incomplete family, a low-income family, etc., and reduces the adaptive abilities of these families. They cope with the tasks of raising a child with great exertion of their strength, therefore, a social teacher needs to observe the state of the family, the maladjusting factors in it, track how much they are compensated by other positive characteristics, and, if necessary, offer timely help.

Dysfunctional familieshaving a low social status in any of the spheres of life or in several at the same time, they cannot cope with the functions assigned to them, their adaptive abilities are significantly reduced, the process of family upbringing of a child proceeds with great difficulties, slowly, and has little effect. This type of family requires active and usually long-term support from a social educator. Depending on the nature of the problems, the social teacher provides such families with educational, psychological, and mediatory assistance in the framework of long-term forms of work.

Asocial families- those with whom the interaction takes place most laboriously and whose condition needs fundamental changes. In these families, where parents lead an immoral, illegal lifestyle and where living conditions do not meet basic sanitary and hygienic requirements, and, as a rule, no one is involved in raising children, children are neglected, half-starved, lagging behind in development, and become victims of violence both on the part of parents and other citizens of the same social stratum. The work of a social educator with these families should be carried out in close contact with law enforcement agencies, as well as with guardianship and guardianship authorities.

Similar information.

Actors

1 0 0

If you find an error, please select a piece of text and press Ctrl + Enter.

The social status of the family and its typology. Family social status: what is it

Family's social status - what is it? family social status: examples

The concept of the social status of the family types and meaning

Family social status questionnaire

Family social status

Family social status

The social status of the family and its typology

Family social status: what is it?

Editor's Choice