Family relationships and family. The psychology of family relationships - foundations, forms and crises. Family Psychology: What Your Parents Don't Know

And close people, more important than anyone else. Therefore, family relationships play a huge, primary role in the mental development and well-being of each of its members.

Conventionally, psychologists divide families into prosperous and dysfunctional, constantly correcting themselves: each family has its own problems. To minimize problems, to change the state of things in your home, you need basic basic knowledge of family psychology and the desire to create a favorable environment in which everyone could develop along a path determined by nature, without interference and serious disorders, complexes, erroneous ideas about the world. about yourself and others.

1. Do not close your eyes to rudeness, put each other in place. And if this is not possible (we mean socially dangerous cases, for example, in the case of an alcoholic husband), keep communication with this family member to a minimum.
2. Learn to negotiate. By speaking the problem, we let the partner, child, parent understand that we are ready to discuss ways of solving, come to a compromise. This is how respect for each other is manifested, without which a normal relationship in the family is impossible.
3. Encourage mutual help, responsiveness, the desire to spend joint leisure in all possible ways (you better know who loves what, what you can do for everyone - this information is worth using). It is especially important to observe this rule in order to build relationships between children in the family. If you have several of them, put the emphasis on the fact that they are brother and sister (brothers or sisters), that they will never be dearer and closer to them. Repeat this constantly, children are very receptive to the words of their parents. Over the years, you will see confirmation of this, your efforts and attention will not be in vain.
4. How you spend your leisure time, by the way, is very important. Separately? Okay, but you must have something in common, both spouses and parents and children. A trip to the park, a pizzeria, shops, walks - all these important little things will unite you like never before.
5. Availability is also important. If there are none, it's time to come up with them. Traditions unite us, strengthen the union between husband and wife and bond with children (such a measure is especially important and relevant in relation to adolescents). A trip to grandparents, your own holiday, cooking your favorite dish together, decorating a New Year tree - it can be anything. If only the traditions were respected by everyone. Not respected, it's time to come up with others.
6. Family relationships are based primarily on roles and responsibilities assigned to you. The roles in your family are already established. Dad is a breadwinner or a spiritual leader. Mom is a housewife or business woman. But in the case of responsibilities, everything is more complicated. Everyone should work on comfort. Write down once, agree on who is responsible for what, and you will deprive the family of the most common reason for quarrels.
7. Maintain love: in your relationship with your spouse and children. She does not disappear anywhere, so as not to talk about this. If the family has respect, understanding and loyalty, there will be love. This means that your bonds cannot be broken by accidental circumstances and even troubles. You are together and you are strength. For this it is worth being attentive to each other! Never forget to take time to communicate with your child and your partner, especially with your parents (they also need us, as we need them, no matter how much time has passed since our birth).

Family relationships require your constant participation, no matter what role you play in it. Don't take each other for granted and eternal. As soon as you allow such an attitude towards loved ones, the family will begin to crumble. Think about what you can do from this list for your family.

Family relationships

"... Family relationships - the creation and maintenance of family and kinship relationships, for example with an immediate and extended family environment, with a foster and foster family, as well as other more distant levels of kinship, for example with second cousins ​​and guardians. Includes: relationships parents - children, children - parents, children in a family, with distant relatives ... "

A source:

"PROTECTION OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF WORKERS. BASIC TERMS AND CONCEPTS"

(approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on 02.10.2003 N 11-8 / 13-09)

Official terminology... Academic.ru. 2012.

See what "Family relationships" is in other dictionaries:

FAMILY ROLE RELATIONSHIP- relations between family members, which are determined by the nature and content of family roles or the type of interaction of family members in the performance of family roles. The family role is one of the types of social services. roles of a person in society. Family roles are defined ... Russian Sociological Encyclopedia

FAMILY MYTHS- The term proposed by Ferreira (Ferreira A. J., 1966) means certain defense mechanisms used to maintain unity in dysfunctional families. Synonyms for S. m. Are the concepts of "belief", "conviction", ... ... Psychotherapeutic encyclopedia

RELATIONSHIP- (relations) mutual relations of people, organizations, social institutions, social groups, states, i.e. precisely those multifaceted types, types, forms of connections that form human society and give rise to the very need for politics and power. ... ... Power. Politics. Public service. Dictionary

Close interpersonal relationships- Interpersonal relationships can be defined as the mutual willingness of partners to def. type of feelings, claims, expectations and behavior, towards paradise is carried out in the daily interaction of these people. It is customary to distinguish between relationships of acquaintance, friendship, ... ... Psychology of communication. encyclopedic Dictionary

Systemic family constellations- Systemic (family) constellations, a method of helping practice, introduced into wide circulation by the German philosopher, theologian, psychotherapist, spiritual teacher Bert Hellinger (b. 1925). The method was discovered (put into circulation) around the beginning of 80 ... ... Wikipedia

PUBLIC RELATIONS The latest philosophical dictionary

PUBLIC RELATIONS- the diverse ties inherent in society that are established between social groups, as well as within them. O.O. the most important specific feature of society and at the same time what makes society a system unites individuals and their disparate ... ... Sociology: Encyclopedia

SEPARATED FAMILY ROLE RELATIONSHIP- (segregated conjugal role relations) division of labor within the family, implying separate tasks for each partner. The term was first used by Elizabeth Bott (1957). In her opinion, such relationships were most often encountered in communities with ... ...

UNITED FAMILY ROLE RELATIONSHIPS- (joint conjugal role relationship) division of labor within the family, implying the distribution of household responsibilities between partners. The term was first used by Elizabeth Bott (1957), showing that such connections are most common in ... ... Comprehensive explanatory sociological dictionary

A family- I. Family and clan in general. II. Family evolution: a) Zoological family; b) Prehistoric family; c) Foundations of maternal law and patriarchal law; d) Patriarchal family; e) Individual, or monogamous, family. III. Family and clan among the ancients ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Books

• , Batoev Dashidondok. The book is written on his own material - the author has worked as an obstetrician-gynecologist for over 44 years in the Republic of Buryatia ... Buy for 259 rubles
• Family relations between men and women, Batoev Dashidondok Balzhitovich. ; The book is written on his own material - the author worked as an obstetrician-gynecologist for over 44 years in the Republic of Buryatia. The action takes place in the Soviet period of our Russia. But love ...

We continue a series of publications of excerpts from the book of the Greek psychologist Pavel Kyriakidis "Family Relationships", the translation of which was made by Nun Catherine specifically for the Matrona.RU portal. How are roles in the family distributed?

A person lives in a variety of systems (for example, in a social, political, philosophical system, etc.), depends on them, is directly or indirectly influenced by them. But, perhaps, the only system that most directly and significantly affects a person from birth to ripe old age is his so-called

Family is a system of relationships

In a family, it is not only the members themselves that are important, but also the relationships and connections between them. In other words, it matters to the family not only its structure, but also its organization, which depends on the way its members interact. Moreover, not a single phenomenon of family life can be studied and interpreted as a separate element, but always only in relation to the entire system of a particular family.

Family members are usually very interconnected with each other. strong bonds... These connections are much stronger than it might seem at first glance. The influence of the family occurs even after being removed from it: a person can leave the family, but this distance will only be "physical", bodily. Psychologically and spiritually, he will never leave the family from which his origin is traced. From a psychosocial point of view, a person all his life is part of the family from which he left, as well as the family that he himself created. This succession of generations is called by birth.

One of the hallmarks of the family as a system is the fact that marriage and family life, of course, put certain restrictions to the freedom of each of the family members, but at the same time the family, in turn, is responsible to each of its members. It is impossible to be absolutely "autonomous" in a family, since its members are in constant physical, social and psychological interaction, they depend on each other, need each other. At the same time, the family must provide its members, firstly, personal space, in which they would feel cozy and comfortable, where they would feel free and could rest and relax, and secondly, confidence in receiving emotional warmth, protection and support, without which it is difficult for a person to mature and express himself as a person.

The second most important quality of the family as a system is its dynamism and variability... The family is by nature not static. Any change that happens to one of the family members directly affects everyone else. Likewise, the change that has taken place in the whole family as a whole affects each member of the family individually. One of the types of such changes is changing roles family members.

Family roles

According to the sociological definition, social role Is a set of patterns of behavior that others expect from a person. Each person plays many roles, depending on the social environment in which he lives. From the point of view of sociology, the roles are divided:

• on related "Natural status"(gender, age and, in general, everything that relates to the biological essence of a person) and
• those that relate to his "Acquired status"(for example, profession, membership in a club, etc.).

By getting married, each person receives a new role, which becomes dominant in relation to those that he had until now. The roles of a son or daughter, which are closely associated with the parental home, are weakened, because the children have grown up and have now become spouses... With the birth of children, it becomes especially important parental role both spouses, which is of great importance for a normal family life.

The family is a system that can function properly only if each family member knows his role well or learns to fulfill the roles that other people expect of him. In the "extended", traditional family, the younger members of the family learn not only their role, but also the roles of many other family members.

Each person in the family gets their own identity... He realizes who he is, what other people expect of him, understands what he himself would like to receive from those around him, how to achieve recognition first within his family, and then in society. The family must take on the main task education and socialization child... At the same time, in modern conditions, other social institutions - the media, kindergarten, school, etc. - give their own patterns of behavior. From an early age, children can be influenced by a mentality and ideas about life that are alien to a particular family. And, nevertheless, no matter how society influences a person's ideas about his identity, it is in the family that a boy prepares to become a man and a father, and a girl - a woman and a mother. The example of older family members helps younger ones to get gender identity and learn to play appropriate social roles.

In the family, as in other social groups, there is interdependence of roles, for example, father-son, mother-daughter, grandfather-grandson. Without grandchildren, there can be no grandfather, and without a son or daughter, a person cannot play the role of a father or mother.

Correct distribution of roles and responsibilities between family members helps her to function normally. It is very important that each family member is well aware of his role, the role of others, and also that his behavior is consistent with this knowledge. No one role can be separate and independent from another. All the roles of each family member are connected to all the roles that other members play. How much clearer are boundaries of each role in the views of all family members, the more effective people can communicate with each other, leaving no room for bewilderment or attempts to misinterpret a person's behavior in the family.

Denying or mixing roles often leads to big problems. For example, many conflicts between spouses arise from the full responsibility of the other family member, which is, in fact, a shared responsibility. Family conflicts have their background in the fact that people do not know how - or do not want - to distribute family roles and perform them well.

Over time happens changing public perception about a particular family role, also a person develops physically, mentally and socially during his life, due to which his social family roles are changing... This is an expected and natural process, which, however, is associated with a number of problems and is not always positive.

German philosopher and sociologist Max Horkheimer wrote: “ The perfect modern mother plans to educate her child in an almost scientific way, starting with a strictly balanced diet and ending with the same strictly defined and calculated amount of praise and punishment that all popular psychology books advise. The mother's behavior towards the child becomes more and more rationalistic, women perceive their maternal role as a profession... Even love becomes a means of pedagogy. Spontaneity, natural boundless care and motherly warmth towards children disappear. "

The modern "nuclear" family assigns to the woman - spouse and mother - a number of difficult and difficult roles that she cannot cope with alone. A man - a spouse and a father - begins to participate in various household chores. As a result, the boundaries between the roles of men and women in housekeeping less and less noticeable, although this role is still traditionally considered to be female. That is why a man's sense of responsibility and love should prevail in the family when discussing problems related to household chores.

I would like to pay special attention to father role in a modern family. Many men play this role in a very "fragmentary" way. Why is this happening? A man can be too dedicated to work, as a result of which the family is "lost". Or he is not attracted by family leisure, recreation with the whole family. Perhaps he "runs away" from the family because of the behavior of his wife, some family problems that he is not able or does not want to solve, etc. Sometimes a man is infantile, he still considers himself a part of the parental family, depends on her and does not have personal "autonomy". Poor living conditions can also become a reason or a reason for a man's desire to be outside the home b O most of his time, and therefore, to his failure to fulfill his obligations in relation to the family.

In some cases family members are not playing the roles that, in theory, should, but those that force them to play by circumstances(for example, the work of young children, the parenting role of grandparents, etc.). When a part of the parental role is shifted onto one of the children in the family, it can be both necessary help to the family in certain circumstances, and the beginning of big psychological problems between this child and his brothers and sisters. A child “acting” as a mother or father will have to overcome envy, unwillingness to obey, and sometimes hatred of other children ...

Another problem associated with changing or mixing roles is communication with the elderly in the family... Communication between grandchildren and grandparents is a necessary and joyful aspect of family relationships. At the same time, communication between older family members and a young married couple is usually filled with friction and conflict.

Grandparents, as the oldest members of the family, occupy today honorable, although not the main, place in the family hierarchy. Yet often their behavior is interpreted by family members as inadequate and causes their own children to feel bewildered or irritated. Most often, behind such actions and similar reactions one hundred and Again, the inability of each family member to correctly distribute family roles or to recognize and adapt in time to changing their roles.

One of the problems of changing roles in the family is the so-called "Generation gap"... In the broadest and most ancient sense, it personifies the eternal struggle of the old and the new. It is natural to expect that children will have their own ideas about the world and their place in society, which differ from those of their elders. Perhaps this conflict can be called not a "clash of roles", but "Clash of points of view" that each generation has. Parents and children seem to be looking at the world "from different bell towers":

One of missions each families- help children set your goals in life and teach them to be persistent in achieving them. Parents who give their children nothing but money and pleasure create great psychological emptiness especially dangerous in adolescence and post-adolescence.

Family relationships encompass the relationship of all participants in a previously formed small social group, united by a common way of life and interests. Love, family, relations between relatives, what could be more significant in life ?! However, relationships in married couples are often quite unfavorable. To create strong family ties and strong relationships, a comfortable microclimate, it is necessary for all members of the established group to move in one direction.

Often, problematic aspects and conflict situations that arise in the relationship of marriage partners arise due to the inability to form a healthy bond, due to the fact that no one has previously taught them how to competently build healthy relationships, get out of conflicts, and interact correctly. Also, the moral climate and psychological atmosphere in family relations, the social activity of the family and the structure are dependent not so much on the spouses themselves and general patterns, but on specific circumstances that influenced the birth of the family and its further functioning.

Family and family relationships

Among the circumstances affecting the life of the family and the favorable relations in it between its members, the level of education of the spouses and the degree of their culture, financial situation, inculcated traditions and life guidelines, place of residence, social status, moral convictions affect. All of the above factors determine the family's desire for cohesion and consolidation, for constructive resolution of conflict situations, movement in one direction, thereby determining the specifics of family relationships.

Families can be large or small, depending on the number of members. Today, in modern society, a small rather than a large family is considered the norm, although not in all countries. A small family usually consists of a spouse and one or a maximum of two children. The core of every family is the spouses and their children. Often their parents live with them. Each participant in family relations is in stable interaction with each other and plays a specific role in the family, worries about meeting the interests of society, the needs of each member individually or the family as a whole. The personal qualitative characteristics of the spouses, the specificity of their relationship determine the appearance of the family and the direction of the implementation of its inherent functions.

Communicative interaction ensures the coherence and purposefulness of the efforts of partners in order to achieve important priorities for the family, to meet the individual needs of subjects in spiritual closeness with their beloved. In the process of communicative interaction, partners exchange intimate and important information only for them, while empathizing with each other, which leads to a better understanding of each other, enrichment intellectually and spiritually. Intimate communication with partners is inextricably linked with the spiritual.

A family is considered to be a socio-economic education, within which a common life and budget are carried out, the acquisition or production and consumption of various types of goods and services takes place. For example, meeting the need for clothing. This function of the family is called the economic function. Its implementation is primarily the task of the spouses. And a deep mastery of professional knowledge and skills by the spouses will fully realize this function.

Another of the key functions of a social unit is the organization of cultural leisure. A typical feature of leisure is a special atmosphere of warmth and emotionality, which allows you to fully open up and be sincere.

The educational function of the institution of the family is also of great importance. After all, children are born in it, and then children are brought up.

The listed functions implemented by the family are extremely important and irreplaceable. A social group organized into a family should show the same concern for all its members - both older and younger.

They also distinguish the representative function of the family, which means acting in the interests and on behalf of the family in contacts with friends, neighbors, and various social institutions.

The marriage union will function better only in cases of extensive interaction between the spouses.

The composition of functions in a particular family can be varied. It depends on the degree of formation and level of development of the family, the circumstances of its existence. Failure to perform some functions by the family may not affect the strength of the union only if both spouses have lost interest in a particular type of activity. If only one of the partners has lost interest, and the desire of the other for joint activities in some area of ​​the family's functioning does not find the desired response, a constant source of conflicts will appear.

Families, like family relationships, can be diverse and influenced by many different factors. Below are the types of families and family relationships that are observed in society today.

The most democratic type of family relationships is considered to be a partnership way of building relationships. In such a family, relationships are built on trust, equality and constructive communication. In a partner family, it doesn't matter who earns more, the budget will still be shared. Problems and conflict situations are resolved through discussion and joint search for the best ways out of the situation. The main difference of such a family is a joyful atmosphere and a healthy environment in the family.

The next, no less common type of relationship in marriage, is the patriarchal type, in which the wife and children obey the man (husband). The spouse is the head of the family. He is fully responsible for the members of the group and independently makes all decisions. The role of a woman in such a family is reduced either to maintaining a household and raising a child, or to work, but in combination with the conduct of everyday life and taking care of the child. The typology of family relationships also contains a category called the traditional family, which is distinguished by maintaining close ties with relatives up to the "seventh generation" and submission to the elders in the family. The foundation of the traditional family is the inviolable laws of the strength of relationships, responsibility and nepotism. In such families, most often, partners enter into a marriage union once. Traditional families do not accept divorce. The advantage of creating just such a family is considered to be mutual understanding and a clear delineation of responsibilities between all members of the group.

The matriarchal type of family relations is also quite common today. With this type of relationship, either a woman earns more than a man, as a result of which she has an influence on him, or she is an activist who loves to independently deal with children, budget, repairs, any other family problems, i.e. everything that is in time. Often, a man allows his wife to dominate the family due to his own natural laziness, unwillingness or inability to resolve domestic problems. There are also families in which the wife fully provides for the family, so the man assumes the responsibilities of a housewife.

Today, one more type of family relations can be distinguished, which is new to society - the modern family. This type of relationship originated in the second half of the 19th century in European countries and spread throughout the world over a hundred years. It is characterized by the prevalence of individual desires over general ones in the relationship. In such families, personal life becomes more important, more significant than intra-family life. In a modern family, the interests of partners can be completely different, and the intimate aspect of marriage prevails over others. Children in such family unions become objects of excessive parental affection. The desperate desire of spouses in modern families to give everything to their own children is a negative feature of such a relationship. After all, this prevents children from improving themselves, it is not easy for them to get on their feet, since they are freed by their parents from the need to get something by their labor, they are protected from any difficulties.

The types of families and family relationships can be of all kinds, but each individual marriage union has its own positive aspects and negative features.

Relationship to family and parents

The characteristics of family relationships are determined by several factors that determine the quality of relationships between relatives. These factors include: the adaptation of spouses, their dependence on their parents, the type of family rituals and the nature of family rituals, dependence on the relatives of the spouse, behavior in resolving conflicts with relatives on one side or the other, interpersonal models of establishing connections.

There is a close relationship that unites the adaptation of spouses and adaptability to relatives on one side or the other. Some people are satisfied that they have excluded new relatives from their own family life or have fenced themselves off from them, while others will do everything possible to strengthen ties with new relatives and build interdependent relationships. The effective level of interaction can also be different for a married couple at different stages of family life.

Unfortunately, it often happens that the attitude towards the baby in the family overshadows all feelings for the parents. But before, for each individual in childhood, parents played the most important role. They were the most dear, dear and beloved people. But as you enter adulthood, especially after the birth of children, close relationships with parents are lost. Although this does not mean that parents have become less close to their grown-up children or have begun to love them less, but with each meeting, there is less time to spend together, and endless problems, constant conflicts and misunderstandings can only aggravate the situation.

Good family relationships are not easy to build. After all, children and parents have different views, beliefs, preferences and tastes. As a result of various little things, conflicts and misunderstandings arise.

In order for the relationship with the parents to remain the same, you need to try to understand what has become wrong, what has changed. You should try to please your parents more often, give them, albeit small, but gifts and not only on big holidays. Indeed, in childhood, parents spoiled their children with gifts not only on holidays, but for some reason when children grow up, they forget about all the joyful moments that their parents gave them, move away from them, do not take their opinion into account.

Good family relationships with parents will not be possible without communication. You need to talk with your parents, not sparing time for this. If adult “children” are annoyed by constant parental reproaches and unnerving advice, then you should simply ask them about the details of life at the age at which their grown-up children are now. All people make mistakes, and all parents strive to protect their own children, regardless of their age, from any mistakes. Therefore, one should not neglect the advice of parents or judge them harshly. It is necessary to give the opportunity to parents to take care of the grown-up children.

Social relations in the family

The most complex social education today is the family. It is based on a holistic family-wide interaction of a community of individuals who are married and carry out the reproduction of offspring, the continuity of family generations, and the socialization of children.

The family is both a social institution and a small group. A relatively unchanging type or stable form of social practice, through which social life is created and organized, the stability of interconnections and relationships is guaranteed within the boundaries of the social formation of society, is called a social institution. In sociology, a small group means a small social collective of individuals, whose members are united by joint activities and establish personal communications with each other. This is the foundation on which emotional relationships in the family arise, the basis for the formation of special group guidelines, values, rules and norms of behavior.

The family, as a social institution, is purposeful to satisfy the most important human need for reproduction. And as a small group, it is the foundation on which the formation of the personality takes place, plays an essential role in personal development, socialization. The family, as a small social group, is a kind of conductor of the rules of conduct, values, moral and spiritual norms that prevail in society.

The following types of family ties should be distinguished, depending on the characteristics of marriage, the characteristics of parental roles and kinship: monogamous and polygamous marriages, patrilineal and matrilineal unions, patriarchal and matriarchal marriages, homogeneous and heterogeneous marriages.

Monogamous marital ties are a marriage of two people: a female representative and a representative of the strong half of humanity. Polygamous marriage is the conjugal union of one man with several spouses, or one feminine with several men. In patrilineal marriages, the inheritance of social status, property, surname occurs through the paternal line, and in matrilineal families, it is carried out through the mother. In patriarchal marriages, the husband is the head of the family, while in matriarchal families the wife is considered the highest authority. In homogeneous marriages, spouses are natives of the same social group, and in a heterogeneous family union, the husband and wife come from different social estates, castes, groups, classes.

Today, the most common in today's urbanized cities are the so-called nuclear marriages, in which the family consists of parents and children, in other words, from two generations.

Social relations in a family union are divided into formal relations, i.e. conventional and informal relationships, i.e. interpersonal.

Stable social relations, connections between members of family ties, close relatives, other relatives, friends have a positive sustainable effect on mental state and health.

Child-parent relations in the family

A healthy parent-child relationship in the family contains two components. Love is the first ingredient. The attitude towards the baby in the family should be based, first of all, on love for him, and not on control and educational methods of influence. The child needs to feel that mom and dad feel love for him simply because he exists, and not for his behavior, deeds or good grades. The love of parents is a guarantee that the baby will grow up with a normal level of self-esteem, feeling and trust in the world around him. Children who are simply loved accept themselves exactly as they really are, which is of great importance in his entire subsequent life. After all, if you enter adulthood, considering your personality "unworthy" or "bad", the chances of a decent and successful life are reduced to zero.

The second component of parent-child relationships is freedom of choice. Providing it to a child is often much more difficult than love. It is quite difficult for parents, and sometimes very scary, to allow the baby to make the choice himself. Since they are always sure that they know better what to do, and the child wants to do it in his own way only out of sheer stubbornness. However, one should delimit freedom of choice from lack of control and permissiveness.

Even if the baby does feel love, excessive control by dad and mom leads to the risk of developing various forms of addiction. Reckless parental love, enhanced by total control, is an explosive mixture. Such a "cocktail" chokes and does not allow breathing. Women with increased anxiety and overprotection are prone to such overprotection. They control every step of the child, every new hobby. As a result, the baby can grow up either fragile and vulnerable, unable to withstand any difficulties in life, or simply try by any means to avoid such love. The nature of family relationships based on total control, according to most psychologists, determines the frequent escape of children from reality to "chemical addiction", mainly to drug addiction.

Control, multiplied by the dislike of parents, can destroy the child's personality, which can result in.

The excessive freedom given to the child, combined with dislike, provides an opportunity for the formation of a child's personality, but at the same time leads to a great risk of physical injury. Such relationships are most often observed in dysfunctional families, such as families of alcoholics or drug addicts. In such family unions, children receive almost absolute freedom of choice, since, in principle, no one needs them. In such a relationship, children have a high probability of dying, but along with this, children have the opportunity to grow up as an independent, purposeful person.

For the purpose of educational measures in family relationships, parents can turn to various methods of influence, such as encouraging or punishing the child, the desire to demonstrate models of behavior by example. Praise from parents will be more effective provided that the child is in warm friendly relations with them, and, conversely, if the relationship between the participants in the seed process is cold and indifferent, then the praise will carry almost no incentive for the baby. Through the use of incentive parenting methods, the development of the baby as a person can either be accelerated and made more successful, or slowed down. You should not abuse punishment in the process of education. It should only be used if it is practically impossible to change the child's behavior in any other way. If there is a need for punishment in order to increase the educational response, the punishment should follow immediately after the offense. Very harsh punishments should not be abused, as they can cause anger in the baby. Children, who are often yelled at and who are constantly punished, become emotionally indifferent, find increased.

The psychology of family relationships boils down to the fact that everything that happens to a child is entirely the merit of his parents. Therefore, parents must learn that after the birth of a child, they have the opportunity either to help the child in the processes of socialization, personality formation, learning, etc., or, on the contrary, to interfere. Refusal to participate in the upbringing of children is also a kind of contribution to his future. But it will be positive or bad, time will tell.

Interpersonal relationships in the family

Achieving coherence and harmony in a marital relationship is not easy. The most important period in the family life of partners is considered to be the initial one, when young people first encounter not love problems, but family and household problems. The stage of grinding in characters, reconciling views on life, establishing a family structure is a very difficult and important stage in a relationship, which can cause both ups and downs in the mood of the newlyweds. This period is full of the most ambivalent experiences. This stage of married life is remembered by young people for a lifetime, and in the future is reflected in the fate of the family and spouses. Indeed, in a relationship, each of the spouses discovers the world not only of his life partner, but also discovers something new in himself.

A healthy family relationship should be based on a feeling of love, i.e. the highest level of emotionally positive attitude of the individual to the individual. Also known is the phenomenal selectivity in the choice of a companion in a relationship built on love.

The psychology of family relationships in the real life of subjects is much richer, more diverse and more complex than what people imagine before entering into marriage.

The problem of the relationship between married subjects is relevant and one of the fundamental topics in family psychotherapeutic practice. In particular, this applies to young families created recently, where spouses are just learning to live together. This stage of family life is considered a kind of grinding in and an indicator of how their joint married life will develop in the future. The grinding-in period is characterized by a mass of problems in the interpersonal relationships of partners.

Basically, protracted conflicts, grievances, quarrels are caused, at first, by joint farming. At this stage, you need to learn how to build a life together and with understanding, patience refers to the habits of another. It is with the ability to find a common language in the process of building a common life that many problems are associated. Indeed, earlier, even before marriage, partners spent all their free time together and enjoyed it. They forgave each other small shortcomings of each other, such as impracticality, some forgetfulness, absent-mindedness, etc. Previously, these qualities were perceived as a slightly funny, harmless and cute character trait. Now it is annoying and begins to be compared to insecurity.

Difficulties in understanding and interpersonal relationships between spouses are often inextricably linked to differences in temperaments. Often, problems in interpersonal interaction are caused by the influence of the biological rhythms of the spouses. Also, the intimate life of a young family and its mental comfort depend on the fluctuations in the biological rhythms of partners.

Emotional relationships in the family are the most important integrating mechanism, thanks to which the participants in family relationships feel as one whole and feel warmth and support from each other. Relationships based on love and mutual sympathy contribute to the reduction of frustrating experiences.

As a rule, emotional relationships in the family go through five stages in sequence. The first stage is characterized by a deep and passionate feeling of falling in love with the individual, when the spouse takes all the attention at the same time, coloring the perception of the partner's reality in rainbow colors. At the second stage, there is some cooling, which is manifested in the fact that the image of the spouse rarely pops up in consciousness in his absence, but when meeting him, a strong surge of positive emotions, feelings of tenderness and feelings of love appear. The third stage is characterized by continued cooling in emotional relationships. In the absence of a spouse, the partner experiences some psychological discomfort, but when meeting him, tenderness and a feeling of love no longer flare up. For an outbreak of tender relationship and love, a kind of incentive is now needed - the partner must do something pleasant in order to prove his love. At this stage, addiction occurs. If at this stage mutual understanding is not found and the intensity of interpersonal communications is not reduced, then it will go to the fourth stage, which is characterized by unconscious irritation caused by the presence of a spouse. At the fourth stage, habits or character traits, appearances are perceived not as minor flaws, but as reasons for conflicts. At the fifth stage, the individual is completely at the mercy of a negative attitude. It is characterized by the fact that the spouses have already forgotten all the pleasant deeds and words, and all the bad things are brought to the fore. Partners come to a misunderstanding why they live together. This period is the most difficult in interpersonal relationships.

Relationship of spouses in the family

As a rule, the nature of family relationships, the cohesion of its members or the breakdown of the family, depend on the set of personal qualities of partners, their moral principles, worldview convictions and attitudes. When the ideological beliefs or worldviews of the spouses are incompatible, the family falls apart. The difference in ideologies determines the dissimilarity of needs, goals, tasks, ideals, dreams, therefore, leads to a difference in actions, behavior, the result of this will necessarily be the spiritual incompatibility of spouses and even hostility. A true rapprochement between a man and a woman who adhere to different worldviews is possible only when both partners or one of them abandon their original positions.

The moral qualities of the spouses, such as tolerance, the ability to understand, attentiveness, kindness, tact, compassion, etc., are essential for family relations. All these qualities make the subject more “suitable” for living together in a marriage union. And vice versa, qualities such as unreasonable anger, excessive resentment, capriciousness, arrogance, selfishness make people incapable of long-term relationships and not suitable for family life.

Also, individuals entering a marriage union should look in the same direction, have similar views on moral norms and value orientations, such as the position of a man and a woman's position in marriage, equality between the sexes, mutual respect, justice, responsibility and duty to family and society. Since any confrontation with each other in this regard will only contribute to undermining the foundation of relations.

The ability to make and carry out decisions is considered a rather important orienting quality of a person. If the individual does not have this quality, then the worldview, life goals and attitudes become purely declarative and rather shaky, and the personality of the subject becomes unreliable and infantile. The behavior of such an individual is characterized by impulsiveness and unpredictability, as a result of which long-term cooperation with him becomes impossible.

Of great importance for the individual is also his assimilation of legal norms and moral guidelines that regulate relations in family life, the role of a spouse and wife, father and mother. The result of the assimilation of such norms will be the formation of a sense of duty, which, together with the will and feeling of love, pushes partners, their parents and other participants in family relations to precisely and rigorously fulfill their duties.

Talking about how to improve family relationships, strengthen its internal ties, improve relationships between partners, one should not underestimate the intimate relationship of spouses. The main thing in the physical relationship of spouses is that intimacy should satisfy both spouses.

Also, to ensure the cohesion of the participants in family relations, their ability to improve economic activity is very important. Partners should not be afraid and avoid everyday life. Joint housekeeping will only bring spouses together, if not avoided.

Love, family, relationships of individuals in the family are the fundamental factor that worries everyone, since in many ways the degree of success and satisfaction with life depends on it.

Relationships in a young family

The harmonious union of two individuals, the coherence of emotional reactions in a young family are created gradually. The prospect of a union and further happy family relations depend on the development of harmony and mutual understanding. That is why special emphasis should be placed at the initial stage of the formation of a family union, since it is at this stage that the psychological compatibility of two completely different people is being established. This is the foundation of the emerging multi-storey structure of marriage relations. The durability of the entire structure of family life depends on how strong such a foundation is.

Ideally, the family is the closest people in the world, ready to always support each other and come to the rescue, are always close by in difficult times. However, even between family members, conflicts or misunderstandings occur.

Perhaps today the question of how to improve family relationships is considered one of the central and most pressing issues. An effective method of avoiding misunderstandings in family relationships is the ability to find mutual understanding in any situation with your family. Therefore, from how diplomatically the individual is able to behave in various conflict and ordinary life situations, the life together will be so cloudless. In the course of the development of family relations and the growing up of the family itself, it develops its own unique atmosphere. Unfortunately, today it is quite common to meet families where the spirit of alienation and an atmosphere of misunderstanding between household members prevail. The results of such intra-family relationships can be completely different, ranging from the breakdown of the family and ending with the psychosocial problems of children.

Naturally, it is impossible to live absolutely without conflicts. You need to understand that conflicts are different. In family life, destructive conflicts should be avoided. It must be remembered that each individual has pluses and minuses, so you should learn to forgive and make concessions.

Healthy relationships in the newlywed family will help to avoid family breakdown. All problems that arise should be discussed, trying to find a joint solution, and not stay away.

Unfortunately, in our time, the value of family relationships is gradually being lost. To prevent this from happening, individuals entering into marriage should be aware of the reasons that prompt them to enter into a family union. If both spouses love, respect each other and understand, if they are ready to make concessions to each other and have a common interest, then the relationship in a young family will develop favorably.

The characteristics of relationships in a newlywed family are determined by the psychological compatibility of partners, the ability to create an optimal moral microclimate in relationships.

Family relationship problem

In our time, one of the fundamental problems of the modern family is considered a sharp decline in the status of the family as a social institution of society, a decrease in its significance of the hierarchy of value orientations.

It is the solution of family problems that usually comes first for people. Among the most common categories of problems in family life, one should single out conflicts that arise between partners, parents and children, sons and daughters. The value of family relationships should be the highest value of individuals who form the social unit of society.

Love, psychological compatibility, spiritual harmony and communicative interaction between parents are considered one of the main factors preventing protracted conflicts, the emotional basis for raising a child in a family. In a relationship where spouses treat each other with love, the relationship between children in the family will be friendly and benevolent, based on love and a sense of belonging to the same family.

At the very beginning of family life, the first problem facing newlyweds is the division of responsibilities, which in any case have to be performed. Often partners have different ideas about who should do household chores, as a result of which conflicts arise on this basis.

The next problematic situation is the development of family values ​​and moral guidelines from those that are really important for each partner.

In the process of resolving family conflicts, the partner is recognized from a new side, the discovery of his character traits that were previously not noticeable.

Also, after the birth of a baby, family life is threatened by conflicts and problems. After all, when a woman, in addition to the role of a wife, acquires the role of a mother, her attention is switched from her husband to the baby, which is very much experienced by men.

Conflict or acutely negative attitudes between children in the family also provoke quarrels between spouses, who do not understand that the reason for the cool attitude of children among themselves is often the parents themselves.

Family relationships are relationships in a family between its members. From the moment we are born, we enter into family relationships. Being regulated by law, they take on the meaning of family legal relations. We grow up, we get married, we have children. All this is a chain of family relationships and legal relationships. They change their form and subjective composition, but between them (relations and legal relations) there are common features, rules, rights and obligations of the parties. Where is the line in their legal regulation?

Before turning to the concept (definition of the concept) of family legal relations, let us consider the discussions around the nature and essence of family legal relations.

In the science of family (civil) law, there is no single view of the nature of family legal relations.

In a number of countries of the family of civil law (Germany, Italy, France, Switzerland), such an industry as family law does not exist at all, and the method of legal regulation of family law is the civil law method.

In Russian law, some researchers, following foreign experience and a certain logic of inference, do not single out family relations as a separate type of legal relations (and a separate, independent branch of law); other researchers prove the opposite - that is, the independence of family legal relations, which will be discussed below.

So, can we talk about the independence of family legal relationships, or are they a kind of another type of legal relationship? For comprehension of the truth, let us turn to opposite scientific points of view.

So, for example, as a key feature of family legal relations, a number of scientists identify their confidential and personal nature. This point of view, in particular, is shared by E.M. Vorozheikin. Supporters of this point of view (E.A. Korolev, I.M. Kuznetsova, etc.) refer to the great role of moral norms in regulating family relations and the predominance of personal non-property relations over property ones. family relationship legislation

Scientists who adhere to the opposite point of view believe that personal relations, in general, lie outside the scope of legal regulation and a legal element is necessary only in the field of property relations of family members. So, for example, N.D. Egorov notes that it is impossible to identify significant differences between the subject of family and civil law. A.P. Sergeev, noting that public relations, which, although they are called family relations, are inherently a kind of relations that are part of the subject of civil law. Thus, the supporters of this concept believe that family law, like civil law, mainly regulates property relations, since they are better amenable to legal regulation, which means family legal relations are the essence of civil legal relations.

Indeed, two categories of legal relations are most closely related to one another: civil and family. They are especially brought together by their similarity in some subjective and objective criteria. Both are possible as relations between citizens. Both those, and others, at their core, can have both property and non-property benefits. But the similarity of these relations is only superficial. Without personal (personal-trusting) relations, there would be no such education as a family, only property relations would remain - such concepts as family and marriage, associated only with personal-trusting relationships, would remain aside. In essence, there are two types of social relations, each of which exists as an independent category.

The above circumstances are confirmed by the following provisions: first, that the very family legislation in our country from the very beginning of the existence of family law has developed as an independent branch. So, for example, in Article 2 of the Civil Code of the RSFSR in 1964 it was stated that family relations are regulated only by family law.

Secondly, social relations regulated by the norms of family law are mainly formed on a different basis - on the basis of kinship ties. It is not the possession of certain specific property items that determines the nature of social relations of people in a given area of ​​social activity, but the connection of one with the other on the basis of the origin of one from the other. Personal relationships of people in this area of ​​legal relations are the main, prevailing. This is what the RF IC says (paragraph 2, clause 1, article 1) - family legal relationships - relationships built on feelings of mutual love and respect, mutual assistance.

Being regulated by legal norms, these social relations constituted a special independent area of ​​legal relations. The main thing in this area of ​​activity is the regulation of marriage, relations between spouses and children, divorce relations, relations between relatives and other relationships of a personal and kinship nature. The forms that are developed for the regulation of property relations are not enough here, since they are of limited use. There is a need for special norms. Depending on the stage of human history, these norms are either combined by those branches that regulate property relations, or stand out as an independent branch of legislation.

In addition, a consistent analysis of Articles 2-4 of the IC RF allows us to conclude that family legal relations are a special type of legal relations, the civil legislation to which is applied subsidiary. According to L.M. Pchelintseva, the grounds for the application of civil law to family relations are associated with the strengthening of contractual principles in family law ... The defining principle in deciding the relationship between civil and family law is the attitude to family law as an independent branch of law ... more preferable is the position according to which civil law can be applied to family relations as to relations regulated by another branch of law, i.e. by way of subsidiary application.

The difference between civil and family legal relations is also evidenced by the fact that the goals and objectives of family legal relations, in contrast to civil legal relations, are such that they cannot be achieved at all as a result of one act, like, for example, a contract of sale, exchange, donation in civil law. It is unthinkable to create a family, to marry, to raise children as an act of such a single action. On the contrary, the targeted nature of any of the family legal relationship necessarily presupposes the duration in the relationship of the participants in the family legal relationship.

Thus, the Russian legislation considers family legal relations as a special type of legal relations that should be distinguished from civil legal relations.

At the same time, it is necessary to clearly distinguish between family and civil legal relations. As noted, E.M. Vorozheikin family legal relations are based on a certain range of actual social relations. The properties of these actual social relations, passing into the legal structure, impart to the latter the specific qualities inherent in them. However, family legal relations are the result, a consequence of the regulation of such actual social relations by the norms of family law. As a result of the regulation by the norms of other branches of law, the relationship between the same subjects of family legal relations does not arise. For example, the legal relationship between spouses regarding the property they personally own is civil law, but not family law, although the subjects of the legal relationship in this case are participants typical of family law.

It is necessary to distinguish family legal relations from related administrative (public) legal relations. Namely, issues related to the registration of acts of civil status are excluded from the regulation of family legislation: birth, marriage, adoption (adoption), establishment of paternity, change of name (surname, patronymic and proper name), death of a citizen, as well as general provisions the procedure for the production of their registration by the registry office, the procedure for correcting, canceling and restoring civil status records. Administrative and legal norms on these issues are codified in a separate legislative act - the federal law on acts of civil status.

So, what should be understood by family legal relations?

Family legal relationship is a relationship based on feelings of mutual love and respect, mutual assistance. This is what the RF IC says (paragraph 2, clause 1, article 1).

Family law regulates a special type of social relations - relations between people in connection with marriage, starting a family, having and raising children. This conclusion follows from the analysis of Article 2 of the RF IC.

The following definition of family legal relations as relations regulated by the norms of family law will not be entirely correct.

In this regard, it is important to focus on the difference between family legal relations and legal relations, regulated by the norms of family law, and, first of all, by the RF IC. Family legal relations in their precise meaning are relations between family members in the sociological sense of the family law, as well as between relatives of the first and second degree of kinship.

Along with the named relations, the RF IC also regulates relations closely adjacent to them, but different in nature. In such relations, as a rule, the parties are public entities, for example, the administration of an organization. So, the fact of the death of the child's parents gives rise to the emergence of a legal relationship regarding its arrangement, within the framework of which the relevant local government and state authorities take actions to place the child in a way that best suits his interests. This legal relationship is organizational and is of an administrative-legal nature.

It is necessary to dwell on the difference between the concepts of "family relationship" and "family relationship". The last category is much broader, since includes not only the relations of family members, regulated by the norms of law (family law), but also the relations between the named subjects, which do not lend themselves to regulation by law, but are rather regulated by morality, everyday norms, traditional and cultural factors.

The key concept that constitutes the basis of family legal relations is the concept of a family. Despite the fact that the legislator does not define the concept of the family, its meaning and paramount importance is carried out through absolutely all the provisions of the Family Code. Clause 1 of Article 1 of the RF IC stipulates that family, motherhood, paternity and childhood in the Russian Federation are under the protection of the state.

The concept of a family has long remained controversial in the science of family law. Without going into the essence of contradictions, we note the following.

The concept of the family has a sociological, non-legal character. The family is defined as the free, private and inviolable primary unit of society. In legal acts, and, first of all, in the RF IC, the concept of a family is associated with the establishment of the circle of family members that make up its composition.

In the Russian legal doctrine, the family is defined as a circle of persons tied by personal non-property, as well as property rights and obligations based on marriage, kinship and the adoption of children for upbringing.

Family legal relations arise between family members, that is, between spouses, parents and children, grandfather (grandmother) and grandchildren, sisters and brothers, stepfather (stepmother) and stepsons (stepdaughters), as well as between persons who have adopted children (adoptive parents) , guardians, trustees, foster parents, actual educators) and children adopted into their families. In this case, the corresponding rights and obligations arise in the cases specified in the RF IC and in the presence of the conditions established by it.