Consultation for parents "the role of the family in the formation of a healthy lifestyle". Knowledge of children about the structure of the human body, about health and a healthy lifestyle, awareness of this knowledge. How to help a student, how to make him live an active, interesting

« Healthy family - strong Russia» - this proverb has a deep meaning. Family plays a huge role in fostering a conscious attitude of children towards health.

Formation child's attitude to health begins in the family... The kid's aspiration to be healthy depends on, which parents lead a lifestyle, because the baby, like a sponge, absorbs the style of behavior of loved ones.

At an early age, the child is not yet able to consciously and adequately follow the elementary norms of hygiene and sanitation, take care of his health and health of others... All this requires parents forming such a lifestyle that contributes to the preservation of its health.

Of course, health children directly depends on the conditions family life, health literacy, hygienic culture parents and their educational level.

Often parents pay attention to the health of the child then when he already needs the help of doctors or psychologists. Therefore it is important convert attention to this problem and create favorable conditions for development in family from an early age.

The child needs to show the best family traditions, understand the meaning and importance families in a person's life, the role of the child in the family, master the norms and ethics of relations with parents and other family members.

But the stories of moralizing adults will not cause a child to have a persistent need for healthy lifestyle... So, before teaching the child, this need parents must work out for themselves.

V life has an important rule: "If you want to raise your child healthy, follow the path yourself health, otherwise there will be nowhere to lead him! ".

The daily routine of a preschooler is one of the important components of family education, which allows you to maintain a high level of performance, to move away from fatigue and eliminate overwork. A family organizes a rational home regime - sleep, optimal motor regime, rational nutrition, hardening, personal hygiene, moral and ethical education, refusal of destroyers health, etc.... e. The kindergarten routine should correspond to the home routine.

Another issue related to health children are watching TV and using a computer. A computer and a TV set are useful for developing a child's outlook, memory, attention, thinking, coordination, but subject to a reasonable approach to the choice of games and programs, as well as the child's continuous time in front of the screen, which should not exceed 30 minutes.

Forming a healthy lifestyle for your child, a family must instill in the child the following basic knowledge, skills and needs:

Knowledge of the rules of personal hygiene, hygiene of premises, clothes, shoes, etc.;

The need to strictly adhere to the daily routine;

Ability to analyze dangerous situations, predict the consequences and find a way out of them;

Ability to interact with the environment, to understand under what conditions the habitat (house, classroom, street, road, forest) safe for life;

For parents you need to know the criteria for the effectiveness of education healthy lifestyle:

Positive dynamics in the physical condition of your child;

Reducing morbidity;

- shaping the child has the ability to build relationships with peers, parents and others;

Reducing the level of anxiety and aggressiveness.

It is quite obvious that a positive result can be achieved only with close interaction of the preschool institution and families... Since the needs for healthy lifestyle will be formed only with an unambiguous attitude towards them in parents and educators... Only if this condition is met, the child will perceive a respectful attitude towards his health as an immutable truth, the only correct style life activity.

“To make the child smart and sensible,

Make it strong and healthy "

J.-J. Russo

A huge number of factors affect a child's health: the environment, nutrition, lifestyle, heredity, conditions of stay in educational institutions. The last factor is of great importance, it accounts for 25% of all possible causes of deterioration in a child's health. Every 5th teenager by the age of 14 has a visual impairment, every 8th - posture, every 3rd - respiratory system. The All-Russian clinical examination of the child population, carried out on the territory of the region, determined the main classes of pathology in children:

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system

Diseases of the digestive system

Diseases of the eyes.

A healthy lifestyle helps to avoid many diseases, to reduce the influence of harmful factors on the formation of health, the basics of which are taught not only by the school, but also by the family. The school has three tasks: education, training, enlightenment. The school can sometimes help in solving many issues of education. But she can never compete with the family. It is the family that is the most powerful tool in shaping the lifestyle and health of the child. It is in the family that the child learns to walk, pronounce the first words, it is the family that forms the skills of a healthy lifestyle and attitude towards their health, take care of their physical and mental development.

Health is a state of physical, spiritual, social well-being.

A healthy lifestyle is a lifestyle that contributes to the preservation, strengthening of the restoration of health.

A healthy lifestyle presupposes: balanced nutrition, regular exercise. combination of work and rest, good mood. Human health is more than 50% determined by his lifestyle. Health depends on many factors: the state of the environment, the socio-economic development of the country, the sustainable development of the family, the culture of teachers and parents. The family has a decisive influence on the culture of a child's health: its way of life, habits and traditions. The child must be raised by the parents, and all social institutions can only help them.

The family is a child's life and development environment, the quality of which is determined by a number of parameters. The influence of the family on the formation of a child's health culture depends on the following factors:

• Socio-cultural. (determining the educational level of parents and their value attitudes towards strengthening and preserving their health and the health of their loved ones).
• Socio-economic.
• Technical and hygienic (living conditions, lifestyle features)

The question of the means of forming a culture of children's health comes to the fore in family education. These tools include: activities, communication, relationships.

Activity is the main factor in human development and it should be aimed at the benefit of the person.

Communication as an attribute of an activity increases its educational effect. The link between activity and communication is the relationship. They should have a brightly humanistic character, because relations are the criteria for the development of the family.

1 mechanism: Encouraging certain behavior of the child to preserve and strengthen their health and the health of others, punishing him for violation and non-observance of certain health-preserving rules, parents introduce a system of value attitudes and norms of health culture into the child's mind

2 mechanism: Indication appears - imitation of one's parents. Targeting the parent example.

I would like to state that parents do not always demonstrate an example of a healthy lifestyle (Exercising in the morning: we force children to do it, but ourselves?)

Parents' task - to convey the importance of daily health care to the consciousness of your child, to teach the art of health promotion.

This art is mastered by children in the process of joint activities with their parents. Parents need not to direct their children to the path of health, but to lead them along this path by their example. Children should realize that human health is the most important value, the main condition for achieving any life goal, and everyone is responsible for maintaining and strengthening their health. To solve this problem, parents need to remember the rule - "If you want to raise your child healthy, you yourself should follow the path of health, otherwise there will be nowhere to lead him!"

It is noticed that children learn the way of life of their parents, their habits, their attitude to life, including physical culture. The positive example of parents significantly affects the formation of the desire in children to engage in physical culture in their free time with the whole family. Forms can be different - hiking or skiing, games, participation in collective competitions.

In many families, children from an early age have sledges, skis, bicycles, skates, rackets and shuttlecocks for playing badminton, not to mention balls, hoops, rolling pins, pins, etc. However, they themselves cannot always organize games, as they need in the guidance from parents, who should acquaint children with the ways of using physical culture equipment, with the rules of action, the content of games.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle serves to strengthen the whole family. The child should learn the best family traditions, understand the meaning and importance of the family in human life, the child's role in the family, master the norms and ethics of relations with parents and other family members.

A quiet full-flowing river, children who do not know how to swim well bathe in it. Ahead is a huge waterfall. Suddenly the current picks up and carries away the children. They find themselves in a falling stream of water, risking breaking and perishing, and we, adults, stand below, stretch out our hands and try to save them, while we all should have been above, where there is a calm stream and teach them to swim. If we transfer this metaphor to the field of health, then the river is a way of life, and our common task is to teach every child to swim safely along it, helping him in every possible way in choosing a lifestyle that promotes and maintains health. Most parents do not understand the very essence of the concept of "health", considering it only as the absence of disease, completely ignoring the relationship between physical, mental and social well-being. As a result, children develop bad habits, which can be very difficult to get rid of.

Parents need to know the criteria for the effectiveness of healthy lifestyle upbringing:
- positive dynamics of the physical condition of your child;
- decrease in morbidity;
- the formation of the child's skills to build relationships with peers, parents and other people;
- reducing the level of anxiety and aggressiveness.

If only parents lead a healthy lifestyle, they can develop healthy lifestyle habits in their children.

The children were asked: "What is health?"

• This is the best thing in life. Human health is the most important thing.
• This is life, goodness, happiness.
• Health doesn't just mean eating fruits and exercising. You also have to be kind. If you are angry, it affects your body and other people.
• A person is not completely healthy if his soul is restless.
• Moral health is more important.
• Healthy people love nature, see the world as beautiful, do not be lazy and do not get sick.
• Health itself depends on the person. Proper nutrition, kindness, physical activity. and most importantly, the purity of the soul.
• Being healthy, athletic becomes prestigious
• To be healthy, you need to have healthy thoughts: not to think badly of anyone and not wish anyone any harm.

We all have a choice. But it depends on the parents how the child grows up. The school will correct something, but it sculpts from what is already involved. Real actions are what shape the child's behavior, not words and moral teachings. According to research by scientists, human health on
50% is his lifestyle,

by 20% - heredity,

another 20% is the environment and

only 10% - healthcare

A family is a whole world with its own rules, attitudes towards life, health, and upbringing. Educational, health-improving programs can only help to supplement, enrich with knowledge, but they cannot replace family education, the example of parents. You need to start with yourself - an adult, and may our children be healthy.

There is a rule:"If you want to raise your child healthy, you yourself should follow the path of health, otherwise there will be nowhere to lead him!".

References

1. Aboskalova N.P. Health must be taught / Methodological guide for teachers. Novosibirsk: LLC Publishing Company "Lada", 2000.
2. Bazarny V.F. Child health and development: Express control at school and at home. - M .: ARKTI, 2005 .-- 176p.
3. Belova I.V., Minenko P.P., Nesterenko O.B. School of Health and Tolerance. - Khabarovsk: HC IPPK PK, 2005 .-- 45 p.
4. Report on the state of health of children in the Russian Federation (based on the results of the All-Russian clinical examination in 2002) // Medical newspaper. 2006. No. 30. Pp. 15-18.
5. Health-saving technologies in secondary schools: analysis methodology, forms, methods, application experience / Ed. MM. Bezrukikh, V.D. Sonkina. M .: IVF RAO, 2002 .-- 181s.
6. Classroom guidance and education of schoolchildren No. 4, February.- M., 2007
7. Kolesnikova M.G. Valeological analysis of school lessons // Valeology. No. 3. 2003.S. 45-53.

The changes taking place in our society today have raised a number of problems, one of which is the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children. The family plays an important role in solving this problem. The school has three tasks: education, training, enlightenment. The school can sometimes help in solving many issues of education. But she can never compete with the family. It is the family that is the most powerful tool in the formation of personality.

Life and science have proven that all the troubles in children, and then in adults, are explained by the mistakes of family education, the main one of which is the lack of love and the inability to praise and support their children.

The most important thing for a child is to be loved for who he is.

Refer to words

Health is a state of physical, spiritual, social well-being.

A healthy lifestyle is a lifestyle that contributes to the preservation, strengthening of the restoration of health.

A healthy lifestyle presupposes: balanced nutrition, regular exercise. combination of work and rest, good mood. Human health is more than 50% determined by his lifestyle. Health depends on many factors: the state of the environment, the socio-economic development of the country, the sustainable development of the family, the culture of teachers and parents. The family has a decisive influence on the culture of a child's health: its way of life, habits and traditions. The child must be raised by the parents, and all social institutions can only help them.

The family is a child's life and development environment, the quality of which is determined by a number of parameters. The influence of the family on the formation of a child's health culture depends on the following factors:

Socio-cultural. Determining the educational level of parents and their value attitudes towards strengthening and preserving their health and the health of their loved ones.

Socio-economic

Technical and hygienic (living conditions, lifestyle features)

The question of the means of forming a culture of children's health comes to the fore in family education. These tools include: activities, communication, relationships.

Activity is the main factor in human development and it should be aimed at the benefit of the person.

Communication as an attribute of an activity increases its educational effect. The link between activity and communication is the relationship. They should have a brightly humanistic character, because relations are the criteria for the development of the family.

1 mechanism : Encouraging certain behavior of the child to preserve and strengthen their health and the health of others, punishing him for violation and non-observance of certain health-preserving rules, parents introduce a system of value attitudes and norms of health culture into the child's mind

2 mechanism: Indication appears - imitation of one's parents. Targeting the parent example.

I would like to state that parents do not always demonstrate an example of a healthy lifestyle (Exercising in the morning: we force children to do it, but ourselves?)

One of the important tasks of the family is active participation in mass physical education classes. (joint activities with children: skiing, ice skating, swimming pool, hunting, fishing. Joint recreation.) Physical education should be a daily activity (Well, at least morning exercises)

If only parents lead a healthy lifestyle, they can develop healthy lifestyle habits in their children.

It is necessary in families to call children to frank conversations, so that they would share with you. Find time for this, in order to keep abreast of all his affairs. The most important thing in a family is trust.You need to trust the person with whom you live next to.

The children were asked: "What is health?"

This is the best thing in life. Human health is the most important thing.

This is life, goodness, happiness.

Health doesn't just mean eating fruits and exercising. You also have to be kind. If you are angry, it affects your body and other people.

A person is not completely healthy if his soul is restless.

Moral health is more important.

Healthy people love nature, see the world as beautiful, do not be lazy and do not get sick.

Health itself depends on the person. Proper nutrition, kindness, physical activity. and most importantly, the purity of the soul.

Being healthy, athletic becomes prestigious

To be healthy, you need to have healthy thoughts: not to think badly of anyone and not wish anyone any harm.

We all have a choice. But it depends on you how your child grows up. The school will correct something, but we sculpt from what is already involved. Real actions are what shapes the child's behavior, not words and moralizing. The machine loves lubrication, and a person loves affection. "" In order to just exist, a child needs 4 hugs a day, for normal development - 12. "
The foundation
happiness and spiritual health - Faith, Hope, Love.
According to research by scientists, human health on
50% is his lifestyle,

by 20% - heredity,

another 20% is the environment and

only 10% - healthcare

HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Moral health
is determined by those moral principles that are the basis of a person's social life, i.e. life in a particular human society. Distinctive features of a person's moral health are, first of all, a conscious attitude to work, mastery of cultural treasures, active rejection of morals and habits that contradict the normal way of life. Therefore, social health is considered the highest measure of human health.
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Proper nutrition
- this is what parents should take care of in the first place, wanting to see their child healthy.

Once the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates gave advice to mankind
"Eat to live, not live to eat"
No one has disputed Socrates yet, but few are following his advice. Parents should not forget that adherence to a diet is the basis of a healthy lifestyle. Proper nutrition is not easy to organize.

Conclusion:

Constantly study the personality of the child,

don't forget about educational power

positive example,

education of human values

starts in childhood,

teach children to measure their capabilities, children should always see that they are loved.

Zhivorykina Marina Vasilievna

The role of the family in the formation of a healthy lifestyle for the child.

The health of the child is above all,

The wealth of the earth will not replace it.

You can't buy health, no one will sell,

Take care of it, like a heart, like an eye.

(J. Zhabayev)

The potential for health and the usual lifestyle of a person is laid in childhood. In the family, the foundations of the child's health are laid, the basic skills for maintaining it are brought up, and behavioral habits are formed. It is the family that carries out the primary educational influence on the consciousness and behavior of a person, instills hygienic attitudes, concepts, principles and most naturally and effectively forms a healthy lifestyle that corresponds to specific conditions of life. The family, as an initial given in the life of any person, has a significant impact on the general health and well-being of children and is considered as a fundamental factor in the formation of health and a healthy lifestyle.

Over the past decades, the state of health of our children leaves much to be desired. The increase in morbidity is associated not only with an unfavorable environmental situation, with a constant increase in loads, but also with the refusal of parents to lead a healthy lifestyle. The health of children directly depends on the living conditions in the family, health literacy, and the hygienic culture of the parents. Its formation is influenced by many factors, but family factors take a special place. A healthy lifestyle helps to avoid many diseases, to reduce the influence of harmful factors on the formation of health, the basics of which the family teaches. It is the family that is the most powerful tool in shaping the lifestyle and health of the child. It is in the family that the child learns to walk, pronounce the first words, it is the family that forms the skills of a healthy lifestyle and attitude towards their health, takes care of their physical and mental development.

Why is the question of creating a full-fledged,

a healthy family? Because only such a family can become national

the property of society. And for this it is necessary to form a healthy lifestyle and, above all, this should start from the very birth of the child.

Most parents do not understand the very essence of the concept of "health", considering it only as the absence of disease, completely ignoring the relationship between physical, mental and social well-being.

The concept of a healthy lifestyle includes many aspects.
First, adherence to the daily routine. It is necessary to explain to the children that it must be strictly observed. It is the family that organizes the child's adherence to the regime, which allows maintaining a high level of efficiency, postponing fatigue and eliminating overwork.
Secondly, these are cultural and hygienic skills. Children should be able to wash themselves correctly, know why it should be done.
Thirdly, it is the food culture. You need to eat more vegetables and fruits. Tell children that they have a lot of vitamins A, B, C, D, which foods contain them and what they are needed for.
Fourth, these are gymnastics, physical exercises, sports, hardening and outdoor games. It is necessary to accustom the child to sports. Observations show that parents are usually active and resourceful in creating good living conditions, in taking care that children are beautifully dressed, tasty and satisfyingly fed. But excessive comfort and abundant nutrition with an insufficiently active motor regime often develop everyday laziness, weaken health, and reduce efficiency. Parents should show their children an example of an active, interesting and dynamic life.

Forming a healthy lifestyle for a child, parents should instill in him basic knowledge, skills and abilities:
- knowledge of the rules of personal hygiene, hygiene of premises, clothes, shoes;
- the ability to correctly build a daily routine and carry it out;
- the ability to interact with the environment: to understand under what conditions a house, street, road, park, playground is safe for life and health;
- the ability to analyze dangerous situations, predict the consequences and find a way out of them;
- knowledge of the main parts of the body and internal organs, their location and role in the life of the human body;
- understanding the value of a healthy lifestyle for personal health, well-being, success in classes;
- knowledge of the basic rules of proper nutrition;
- knowledge of the rules for maintaining health from colds;
- the ability to provide the simplest help for small cuts, bruises;
- understanding the importance of physical activity for the development of a healthy organism.

Another very important problem related to the health of children is watching TV and using a computer. Modern children see more interest in a virtual game than in a real game of football or tennis. This leads to the main disease of the XXI century - physical inactivity, i.e. lack of mobility. A computer and a TV set are undoubtedly useful for the development of a child's outlook, memory, attention, thinking, coordination, but subject to a reasonable approach to the choice of games and programs, as well as the child's continuous time in front of the screen, which should not exceed 30 minutes.

Do not forget that enough data have been obtained on the impact of education and socio-economic status of parents on children's health. So, in families with incomes below the average, the mortality of children from accidents and injuries is higher, the incidence is higher, the level and average duration of hospitalization are higher. The risk of accidents among children decreases with an increase in the education of the mother. A pronounced effect on the health of students of high employment at work by mothers and alcohol abuse by fathers has been established. The health indicators of children, especially young children, depend on the type of family - complete, incomplete, etc.

The lifestyle of the parents is of particular importance, since the rules

the healthy lifestyles taught to children in school can be reaffirmed or ignored at home on a daily basis. It is the family that realizes

primary educational impact on human consciousness and behavior. For the overwhelming majority of students, it is parents who are the most preferred source of information on how to maintain health. At the same time, many parents, for various reasons, do not pay enough attention to a healthy lifestyle, both their own and their child.

School is now increasingly seen as the most important

institute that can become a center for health promotion.

Educational institutions can carry out health-preserving activities not only by means of the educational process, through the organization of a hygienically expedient daily routine and features of educational activities, but also purposeful education of parents on the issues of preserving the health of children and the formation of their healthy lifestyle skills.

Even the great Russian teacher V. A. Sukhomlinsky said: “I am not afraid to repeat again and again: taking care of health is the most important work of an educator. Their spiritual life, worldview, mental development, the strength of knowledge, faith in their own strength depend on the cheerfulness, vigor of children. ».

The school can help in solving many issues of education. But she can never compete with the family. It depends on the parents how the child grows up. A family is a whole world with its own rules, attitudes towards life, health, and upbringing. Educational, health-improving programs can only help to supplement, enrich with knowledge, but they cannot replace family education, the example of parents. You need to start with yourself - an adult, and may our children be healthy. There is a rule: "If you want to raise your child healthy, you yourself should follow the path of health, otherwise there will be nowhere to lead him!"

Zhivorykina Marina Vasilievna

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education

AMUR STATE UNIVERSITY

(FGBOU VPO "AmSU")

Faculty of Social Sciences

Department of Psychology and Pedagogy

Direction of training 050400.62 - Psychological and pedagogical education

COURSE WORK

on the topic: Formation of a healthy lifestyle in a child's family

in the discipline "Theory and methods of education"

Executor

student of group 162 V.V. Leskov

Supervisor

associate professor, candidate of pedagogical sciences N.K. Shchepkina

Normocontrol N.K. Shchepkina

Blagoveshchensk 2012

The course work highlights the actual problems of the formation of a healthy lifestyle in a child in the family. The aim of the work is to reveal the theoretical foundations and identify ways and means of forming a healthy lifestyle in the family. The theoretical foundations of the formation of a healthy lifestyle are revealed. Identified the main directions upbringing a healthy lifestyle for children in the family. The forms and methods of forming a healthy lifestyle are described.

Introduction

1.1 Healthy lifestyle as an object of educational research

2 The upbringing potential of the family in shaping a child's healthy lifestyle

Organization of upbringing a healthy lifestyle in a child's family

2 Forms and methods of upbringing a healthy lifestyle in a child in a family

Conclusion

Bibliographic list

Introduction

People have been interested in the problem of upbringing a healthy lifestyle since ancient times. Philosophers such as J. Locke A. Smith, K. Helvetius and others spoke about the decisive role of upbringing a healthy lifestyle in human development and believed that the latter is practically impossible without the former.

Raising a healthy lifestyle for children is one of the urgent problems in our society. This is expressed in the fact that at present the younger generation is subject to the influence of negative factors (these are, first of all, bad habits).

The family plays an important role in the formation of a healthy lifestyle for a child. Parents have the opportunity to develop the personality of the child, based on his individual capabilities, which they know better than anyone else. They are responsible for his physical, moral, mental, social education and development. They want to see their children healthy, cheerful, active, hardy, strong, smart.

The deterioration in the health of schoolchildren in Russia has become not only a medical problem, but also a serious pedagogical problem. If we want to achieve the goal of directing children's choices towards adopting a healthy lifestyle, then we must recognize their right to have useful ideas and views about themselves. We must respect them as citizens with health rights and responsibilities and seek approaches that help us understand how they see the world.

The object of the research is the formation of a healthy lifestyle in a child.

The subject of the research is the formation of a healthy lifestyle in a child's family.

Purpose of the research: to reveal the theoretical foundations and identify ways and means of fostering a healthy lifestyle in the family.

The goal defined the objectives of the study:

1.Formation of a healthy lifestyle in a child's family as an object of research in pedagogy;

2.To characterize the upbringing potential of the family in the formation of a healthy lifestyle in a child;

.To identify the main directions of family education for the formation of a healthy lifestyle in a child;

.Determine the forms and methods of upbringing a healthy lifestyle in the family.

Research methods - theoretical analysis of pedagogical, psychological and normative legal literature, generalization of pedagogical experience.

1. Formation of a healthy lifestyle in the family as a social and pedagogical phenomenon

1 Healthy lifestyle as an object of educational research

The development of children and adolescents depends on their health, since it is an important factor in the efficiency and harmonious development of the child's body.

A number of philosophers (J. Locke, A. Smith, K. Helvetius and others), psychologists (L.S.Vygotsky, V.M.Bekhterev, etc.), medical scientists (N.M. Amosov, V.P. Kaznacheev, Yu.P. Lisitsyn, M.M.Buyanov, I.I.Brekhman, B.N. Chumakov and others), teachers (L.G. Tatarnikova, V.V. Kolbanov, V.K. Zaitsev , S.V. Popov and others) tried to solve the problem of the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children. They developed and left numerous works on maintaining health, prolonging life potential and longevity.

An interesting statement by the outstanding English philosopher John Locke is that the one who has a "healthy mind in a healthy body" is in a happy state. And one who has an unhealthy and weak body will never be able to move forward along this path.

According to the Scottish thinker Adam Smith, life and health are the main subject of concern for their own health, for each person's own well-being. In addition, such concern is the subject of a virtue called prudence.

Thus, the great philosophers - thinkers argued that a person himself should mainly think, take care of his health, well-being and strive to support it. Human happiness depends on this.

Physical education plays an important role in this. Even the French philosopher Claude Helvetius wrote in his writings about the positive influence of physical education on human health: “The task of this kind of education is to make a person stronger, more robust, healthier, therefore, happier, more often beneficial to his country ".

The concept of "physical education" - as the term itself speaks about, is included in the general concept of "education" in a broad sense. This means that, just like upbringing is a process of solving certain upbringing and educational tasks, they are characterized by all the common features of the pedagogical process.

Distinctive features of physical education are determined primarily by the fact that this process is aimed at the formation of motor skills and the development of physical qualities, health strengthening.

The great Russian scientist M.V. Lomonosov, in the 18th century wrote an appeal "On the preservation and reproduction of the Russian people", in which he proposed measures to preserve and increase the population for the economic and political life of the country, presented a socio-economic program. He wrote: "I believe the beginning of this is the most important thing: the preservation and multiplication of the people, which is the majesty, power and wealth of the entire state." In his address, he set the goal of improving the life of the people, their well-being through the dissemination of culture, scientific and medical knowledge "In addition, a great many people fall into various diseases, for the cure of which there are still very few decent institutions ..." Lomonosov suggests: "it is required in all cities a fair number of doctors, physicians and pharmacies, to send Russian students to foreign universities to study doctorate, and within the state to give them worthy doctors. "

Lomonosov attached great importance to the analysis of factors in the development and formation of a young person's personality. He showed the role of heredity in the emergence of a healthy generation of Russian people, and also revealed the influence of the environment and environment on the personality. M.V. Lomonosov also addressed the problem of moral, sexual education of the young and adult population, the creation of a strong, happy family based on love and respect "Where there is no love, fertility is not reliable", and the inclusion of young people in labor activity. In addition, M.V. Lomonosov turned to the study of human problems from the standpoint of psychology, physiology, pedagogy in their totality. It was this approach, in his opinion, that made it possible to obtain objective data about a person that teachers need to know. His works on the problems of education of youth make it possible to consider M. Lomonosov the first Russian valeologist who studied the problem of man in the medical and pedagogical aspect.

Scientists S.P. Botkin, P.F. Lesgaft proposed the case of M.V. Lomonosov to lay in the foundations of the science of valeology.

So, S.S. Botkin saw human health primarily as a function of adaptation and evolution, a function of reproduction, procreation and a guarantee of the health of offspring. Violation, insufficiency of this function, he considers as the most important basis of pathology.

V.M. Bekhterev put a lot of effort into the struggle for the improvement of society. He linked the prospects for the development of the individual and society with the protection of the health of the population, the improvement of their living conditions, an increase in well-being, and the growth of culture. He pays special attention to the preservation and strengthening of children's health. The article "Child health protection" reflects a comprehensive program for solving this problem, including a system of hygienic, biomedical, social and psychological measures. The problems of physical and mental health of a person were considered by Bekhterev in the context of his anti-alcohol campaign. He is one of those who actively fought against the "alcoholic snake"

The problem of health was also of interest to many teachers.

The origins of health pedagogy were developed by foreign researchers, but they were further developed by Russian teachers. Russian teachers, starting from the knowledge of foreign colleagues, found not only new forms, but also new directions for the development of this most important branch of human studies. A glorious constellation of Russian teachers: N.B. Bunakov, P.F. Kapterev, V.D. Semenov - supported and developed the ideas of K.D. Ushinsky, who in his famous scientific treatise "Man as an object of education" wrote: "The main goal of education should be to prepare a person for life." Primary education figures N.A. Korf and N.F. The Bunaks demanded the creation of sanitary and hygienic conditions for children's educational labor. N.V. Shelgunov called the habit of an orderly and moderate life one of the main conditions for the health of students. The issues of strengthening the health of schoolchildren are given close attention in the works of A.S. Makarenko and V.A. Sukhomlinsky. In his book “I give my heart to children” Sukhomlinsky wrote: “Experience convinced us that for about 85% of all underperforming students, the main reason for lagging in school is poor health, some kind of malaise or disease, most often completely invisible and amenable to healing only by the joint efforts of a parent, doctor and teacher. " "Physical culture should provide a conscious adolescent's attitude to his own body, develop the ability to spare health, strengthen it with the correct mode of work, rest, nutrition, gymnastics and sports, temper physical and nervous forces, prevent diseases" ("The Birth of a Citizen" V. A. Sukhomlinsky ),.

In connection with the expansion of the range of problems studied at the All-Union meeting on school hygiene (1953), the term "hygiene of children and adolescents" was adopted. In 1944-1945. the Research Institute of Physiology of Children and Adolescents was founded (now in the system of the Russian Academy of Education), in 1959 - the Research Institute of Hygiene of Children and Adolescents (now in the system of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, which have become the main research centers in the field of hygiene of children and adolescents.

In the late 70s B.G. Ananyev drew attention to the emerging trends in the convergence of pedagogy and medicine in relation to solving the problem of ensuring the health of the younger generation. Russian scientists N.M. Amosov, B.T. Likhachev, Sh.A. Amonashvili, I.F. Kharlamov, A.I. Kochetov, A.A. Dubrovsky, in his monographs, textbooks, turned to the topic of students' health and the formation of a healthy lifestyle. A new direction appeared in domestic pedagogy - valeology. Valeology (from the Latin Vale - to be healthy, logos - science) examines the holistic human health, causes, mechanisms of its formation, preservation and improvement. Valeology synthesizes the knowledge of different sciences: biology, anatomy, psychology, physiology, hygiene and pedagogy. Pedagogical valeology considers health not as a momentary "state of well-being", which is typical for medicine, but as a system of pedagogical influences that contribute to the integrity of the nature of a child's health, a value-based attitude to health, and the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

V.A. Sukhomlinsky argued that “Caring for a child's health is a complex of sanitary and hygienic norms and rules ... not a set of requirements for regimen, nutrition, work and rest. This is, first of all, concern in the harmonious fullness of all physical and spiritual forces, and the crown of this harmony is the joy of creativity. "

The Charter of the World Health Organization (WHO) defines the concept of health: "... a state of complete, physical, mental and social well-being, and not only the absence of diseases and physical defects."

According to S.V. Popov, absolute health is an abstraction, and in addition, such an interpretation initially excludes people who have any (congenital or acquired) physical defects, even at the stage of compensation.

In 1968, WHO adopted the following wording: “Health is the property of a person to perform his biosocial functions in a changing environment, with overloads and without losses, provided that there are no diseases and defects. Health is physical, mental and moral. "

G.L. Bilich, L.V. Nazarov, taking the WHO definition as a basis, consider it necessary and justified to add two factors. Firstly, it is the ability to adapt to constantly changing external and environmental conditions and the natural process of conservation, and secondly, the absence of diseases and physical defects.

Academician N.M. Amosov believes that "the health of an organism is determined by its quantity, which can be estimated by the maximum duration of organs while maintaining the qualitative limits of their functions." V.P. Kaznacheev interprets health as "a process (dynamic state) of preserving and developing biological, physiological and mental functions of optimal working capacity, social activity with a maximum life expectancy."

In the Great Medical Encyclopedia, health is interpreted as the state of the human body when the functions of all its organs and systems are balanced with the external environment and there are no painful changes. At the same time, throughout its development, it changes the forms of interaction with environmental conditions, while changing not so much the environment as the organism itself.

Academician Yu.P. Lisitsyn, that “human health cannot be reduced only to a statement of the absence of disease, malaise, discomfort, it is a state that allows a person to lead an unnatural life in his freedom, to fully fulfill his inherent functions, primarily labor, to lead a healthy lifestyle, that is experience mental, physical and social well-being. "

I.I. Brekhman, the founder of the science of health - valeology, defines health as “the ability of a person to maintain stability corresponding to age in the face of abrupt changes in the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the triune flow of sensory, verbal and structural information.

Thus, from the above definitions it is clear that there is no single point of view on what is considered human health. But we can conclude that the concept of health reflects the quality of the organism's adaptation to environmental conditions and represents the result of the process of interaction between man and the environment; the state of health itself is formed as a result of the interaction of external (natural and social) and internal (heredity, gender, age) factors.

Currently, it is customary to distinguish several components (types) of health.

Somatic health is the current state of organs and systems of the human body, which is based on the biological program of individual development, mediated by basic needs that dominate at various stages of ontogenetic development. These needs, firstly, are the trigger mechanism for human development, and secondly, they provide the individualization of this process.

Physical health is the level of growth and development of organs and body systems, which is based on morphophysiological and functional reserves that provide adaptive responses.

Mental health is a state of the mental sphere, the basis of which is a state of general mental comfort, which provides an adequate behavioral response. This state is due to both biological and social needs, as well as the possibilities of their satisfaction.

Moral health is a complex of characteristics of motivational and need-informative spheres of life, the basis of which is determined by the system of values, attitudes and motives of the individual's behavior in society. Moral health is mediated by the spirituality of a person, since it is associated with the universal truths of good, love and beauty.

For the formation of a healthy lifestyle, all these types are of great importance, since the signs of health, according to Lisitsin, are:

specific (immune) and nonspecific resistance to the action of damaging factors;

growth and development indicators;

functional state and reserve capabilities of the body;

the presence and level of any disease or developmental defect;

the level of moral-volitional and value-motivational attitudes.

According to the conclusion of WHO experts, if we take the level of health as 100%, then the state of health only 10% depends on the activities of the health care system, 20% - from hereditary factors, 20% - from the state of the environment. And the remaining 50% depend on the person himself, on the way of life that he leads.

Way of life is a type of human activity, conditioned by the peculiarities of the socio-economic formation. The main parameters of the way of life are work (study for the younger generation), everyday life, social, political and cultural activities of people, as well as various behavioral habits and manifestations. If their organization and content contribute to health promotion, then there is a reason to talk about the formation of a healthy lifestyle, which can be considered as a combination of activities that ensure optimal interaction of the individual with the environment.

The relationship between lifestyle and health is most fully expressed in the concept of a healthy lifestyle; this concept is the basis of valeology. A healthy lifestyle unites everything that contributes to the performance of a person's professional, social and domestic functions in optimal conditions for health and expresses the orientation of an individual's activities towards the formation, preservation and strengthening of both individual and public health.

Human behavior is aimed at satisfying needs. With a more or less the same level of needs characteristic of a given society, each person is characterized by his own, individual way of meeting them, therefore, people's behavior is different and depends primarily on upbringing.

B.N. Chumakov characterizes a healthy lifestyle as an active activity of people, aimed, first of all, at maintaining and improving health. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the way of life of a person and a family does not develop by itself, depending on the circumstances, but is formed purposefully and constantly throughout life. The formation of a healthy lifestyle is the main lever of primary prevention in strengthening the health of the population through changes in the style and way of life, its improvement with the use of hygienic knowledge in the fight against bad habits, overcoming the unfavorable sides associated with life situations.

So, the problem of forming a healthy personality in pedagogy has been considered for a long time, but only today, acquiring real features, it becomes a new branch of pedagogical science.

In our research, a healthy lifestyle will be understood as typical forms and methods of a person's daily life, which strengthen and improve the reserve capabilities of the body, thereby ensuring the successful performance of their social and professional functions, regardless of political, economic and socio-psychological situations. And it expresses the orientation of the individual's activity towards the formation, preservation and strengthening of both individual and public health

1.2 The upbringing potential of the family in shaping a child's healthy lifestyle

Over the centuries, the family has made a decisive contribution to the upbringing and socialization of children, to the formation of a worldview, value orientations, to the formation of the character of a growing person, to the development of the intellectual, emotional and volitional spheres of the personality. Different families carry out these functions with varying degrees of efficiency. The success of this process depends on the level of the family's educational potential.

The "upbringing potential of the family" is understood as the real, actual ability to bring up children, taking into account specific social constraints, the balance of material and non-material resources of the family. The concept of "upbringing potential" allows one to characterize the family's capabilities, both real, fixed, currently used, and not used for any reason.

The indicators that make it possible to characterize the educational potential are: the values ​​that have developed in the family, including the orientation towards the family lifestyle, leisure, the nature and content of free time, communicative (external) and personal (creative) communication, needs, interests, attitudes, motives for performing sociocultural functions, and other possibilities of "social participation" of the family in the affairs of society and the state. The most important condition for the successful realization of the educational potential of the family is the content and nature of intrafamily relations and, first of all, the attitude towards the child.

All parents want to see their children healthy, cheerful, well physically developed. Therefore, simultaneously with taking care of the purity of the body and meeting the needs for food, it is necessary to create conditions for the realization of the need for active movements, which increase resistance to diseases, mobilize the body's defenses.

A child's health is largely determined by the attitude of parents to his physical education. At the same time, fathers consider physical development as a goal of upbringing more often than mothers, and both parents attach more importance to the physical education of boys than to the upbringing of girls. Parents of boys aged 6 - 7 put the importance of their physical readiness in first or second place, while parents of girls of this age put physical education in seventh - eighth place.

It is noticed that children learn the way of life of their parents, their habits, their attitude to life, including physical culture. The positive example of parents significantly influences the formation of the desire in children to engage in physical culture in their free time with the whole family. Forms can be different - hiking or skiing, games, participation in collective competitions.

The habit of a healthy lifestyle is the main, basic, vital habit; it accumulates the result of using the available means of physical education for preschool children in order to solve health-improving, educational and educational tasks. Therefore, the family is called in early childhood, to lay the foundations for a healthy lifestyle, using various forms of work. At an early stage of development, the family should help the child, as early as possible, to understand the intrinsic value of health, to realize the purpose of his life, to encourage the baby to independently and actively form, maintain and increase his health.

Children often lack interest in health-improving activities. According to G.K. Zaitsev, this is due to the fact that, firstly, recommendations for a healthy lifestyle are imposed on children most often in an edifying categorical form and do not cause them positive emotional reactions, and secondly, adults themselves rarely adhere to these rules in everyday life, and children see it well. In addition, the implementation of the necessary rules of a healthy lifestyle requires significant volitional efforts from a person, which is extremely difficult for a preschooler who has an insufficiently formed emotional-volitional sphere.

According to BN Chumakov, you cannot buy health, you can only earn it by your own constant efforts. But in order to preserve the health of the child, it is necessary to unite the efforts of all adults around him (parents, educators, doctors, teachers, etc.), first of all, these are parents, in order to create an atmosphere around him filled with the needs, traditions and habits of a healthy lifestyle. Thus, from an early age, a certain culture of behavior and an appropriate lifestyle are formed. The knowledge, skills and abilities of a valeological nature, laid down in childhood, will become a solid foundation for creating a positive motivation for protecting your own health in adulthood.

A family is a collective whose members are interconnected by certain responsibilities. As a member of the family team, the child also enters into the system of existing relationships through which he comprehends the norms of social behavior. In conversations with parents about the role of family education, the teacher emphasizes how many-sided influence of parents on the emerging personality: talks about the family as the first social unit, about the structure and style of relations of all family members, about the orientation of their interests and its needs, ensuring a healthy microclimate. ... The effectiveness of pedagogical influences largely depends on the family microclimate: a child is more susceptible to educational influences if he grows up in an atmosphere of friendship, trust, and mutual sympathy.

The family for the child is the place of birth and the main habitat. In his family, he has close people who understand him and accept him as he is - healthy or sick, kind or not very good, docile or prickly and impudent - he is his own there.

It is in the family that the child receives the basics of knowledge about the world around him, and with the high cultural and educational potential of the parents, he continues to receive not only the basics, but the culture itself all his life.

The family is strengthened by common affairs and concerns, everyday life filled with useful content, joint leisure and recreation. Physical education is of great importance to the family.

The family largely determines the attitude of children towards physical exercise, their interest in sports, activity and initiative. This is facilitated by close emotional communication between children and adults in different situations, their naturally arising joint activity (discussion of the successes of the country's sports life, experiences when watching television sports programs, illustrations in books on sports topics, etc.).

Children are especially susceptible to beliefs, positive behavior of the father, mother, and the way of life of the family.

The personal example of parents, joint physical education, a healthy lifestyle are the main components of the success of physical education in a family.

But families are different. There are many family typologies, as typologies are based on various criteria (size, function, tradition). Consider the typology in terms of numbers:

extended family, when several generations live together, or several families of sisters and brothers (there are few of them in Russia);

complete nuclear family, in which parents and children live together (a typical family for modern Russia);

an incomplete family in which one of the parents is absent, most often the father.

Families also perform various functions:

The reproductive function of the family, associated with the reproduction of its members and the reproduction of the country's population, is one of the most important. It is directly related to human health. The implementation of this function presupposes the formation of an attitude towards childbirth, in turn, the birth of a healthy child presupposes the orientation of future parents towards a healthy lifestyle.

The family fulfills the function of socializing the individual, introducing it to the social experience that humanity has developed, and contributes to a person's entry into society. In the course of the process of socialization, a person forms his own way of life. Whether the lifestyle is healthy or not depends on how successfully this process goes.

At present, the cultural function of the family is being substantially transformed: the function of cultural mutual exchange. The family has always been the place where a person enters the culture, familiarizing with its values ​​and norms. The modern family is characterized by a cultural contradiction between parents living in the old norms and values ​​of culture, and children - adherents of everything new.

The socio-psychological function of the family, the essence of which is associated with the provision of mutual support to family members, their emotional stabilization, is directly related to the maintenance of a person's mental health.

An important function of the family is household, i.e. running a joint household. The 21st century has significantly changed the way of life of a person, his way of life. The household function of the family has also changed. It is no coincidence that Western sociologists see the essence of this function in maintaining the physical health of members of society, and each member of the family. A well-established everyday life frees up time for vigorous activity of the individual, including physical activity. This, in turn, helps not only to form an orientation towards a healthy lifestyle, but also to follow it.

The economic function of the family is associated with economic support, the provision of economic assistance to disabled and minor family members.

As noted by M.S. Matskovsky, in modern conditions, the role of the sexual function of the family is increasing, associated with the satisfaction of the sexual needs of the individual, the maintenance of physical and spiritual harmony between the spouses. This function has been studied in Russian sociology only in the last 10-15 years. Meanwhile, this is one of the important aspects of family life, which is associated with both the physical and mental state of a person.

We have touched upon the basic functions of the family as a social institution. Moreover, each of them contributes to the formation of a healthy lifestyle, maintaining the health of the individual. As you can see, all functions of the family, ideally, should contribute to the formation of both orientations towards a healthy lifestyle and the healthiest lifestyle.

In our study, we will consider a single-parent family. This is a single parent family, in recent years such families have become common. The parent in such a family is the mother; fathers are rare. American researchers have identified only 2.8% of families where the father is raising the children alone. Such a family is the result of divorce, prolonged absence or death of one of the parents, as well as the birth of an illegitimate child. Today, there are 25% of such families where the head of the family is the mother. These families require special attention from the social educator. This family most often lives below the poverty line, the woman's income is less than that of men, and after the divorce, the father contributes only a third of his salary to the budget. These families need government support. And in the most difficult situation is the family where children are born out of wedlock. Single underage mothers with a child are doomed to poverty. The attitude towards the child and the upbringing of a healthy lifestyle depend on this. In such families, most often the mother is overworked to support her child, she does not have enough time to pay attention to the child, not to mention physical education. But the presence of several children in the family makes it possible to partially compensate for this. The older child can set an example for the younger, become a "leader" for him. An example of grandparents, uncles and aunts, and close relatives is also needed.

Parents do not always pay attention to the child's health (proper nutrition, hygiene, walks, hardening, etc.)

Adequate nutrition is one of the fundamental factors for a healthy and fulfilling human development. What and how we eat affects our whole life to a very large extent. The well-known statement of Arkady Gaidar says that everyone understands proper nutrition in their own way. In most cases, ideas about healthy food are associated with family eating habits, national traditions, lifestyle, and also with the principles of attitudes towards their health. Most often, the child does not eat properly, due to the fact that the parents are either unable to feed the child with wholesome food, due to material shortage, or due to lack of time, for example, when the parents are at work, it is difficult to force the child to eat exactly at the right time. time and what follows.

Hygienic education and upbringing is of great importance in the protection and strengthening of the child's health.

Hygiene education is part of general education, and hygiene skills are an integral part of cultural behavior. Those who believe that communicating hygienic knowledge to children and instilling hygienic skills in them is the business of health workers are deeply wrong. This is a matter of parenting, especially since the line separating the skills of hygienic behavior from the elementary rules of community life is so vague that it can be considered non-existent.

Is it a hygienic or general cultural rule to come to kindergarten or school with clean hands? Cover your mouth with a handkerchief when coughing? Not going to kindergarten or school sick? All these rules and the knowledge that justifies them must enter the minds of children through suggestion, systematic upbringing, and this must be done first of all by parents.

Personal hygiene is of great importance in the prevention of various diseases. Personal hygiene is taking care of your body and keeping it clean. The skin protects the human body from disease.

Tempering should be understood as the use of the natural forces of nature (air, water, sun) to increase the body's resistance to colds. In almost all countries of the world, hardening is used as a prophylactic agent against colds and other diseases. Hardening does not heal, but prevents diseases, increases the resistance of the child's body to various environmental irritants (drafts, temperature changes, etc.) and respiratory diseases like flu, tonsillitis, etc. A hardened child grows up calm, emotionally balanced, benevolent, sleeps and eats well, and plays actively.

Finally, walks. It is not so often that modern people now have the opportunity to go out for a walk together. And even on weekends, many parents spend at work, leaving their children with their grandmothers. Family walks are always fun for children. Therefore, parents should find time as often as possible for small joint trips to nature.

According to British researchers, a healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition and physical activity, will not give the expected effect if there are often quarrels and misunderstandings in the family.

Scientists conducted an experiment, during which they studied the state of health of a person when he talks to his family members in a normal tone and during fights. It turned out that good mood and friendly communication with loved ones had a positive effect on physical health.

In organizing educational work on a healthy lifestyle, the teachers of the school can provide the necessary assistance to parents.

Forms of assistance:

parent lectures (conversations)

health days

sporting events, etc. ...

Thus, we can conclude that the most important position in the upbringing of a healthy lifestyle in a child is taken by parents or their substitutes. Starting from a very early age, they should educate children in an active attitude to their own health through various games and conversations. We must develop in the child an understanding that health is the greatest value given to man by nature.

healthy lifestyle child family

2. Organization of upbringing of a healthy lifestyle in a child's family

1 The main directions of family education for the formation of a healthy lifestyle in a child

A quiet full-flowing river, children who do not know how to swim well bathe in it. Ahead is a huge waterfall. Suddenly the current picks up and carries away the children. They find themselves in a falling stream of water, risking breaking and perishing, and we, adults, stand below, stretch out our hands and try to save them, while we all should have been above, where there is a calm stream and teach them to swim. If we transfer this metaphor to the field of health, then the river is a way of life, and our common task is to teach every child to swim safely along it, helping him in every possible way in choosing a lifestyle that promotes and maintains health.

The state of health of children today leaves much to be desired. And the increase in morbidity is associated not only with an unfavorable environmental situation, with a constant increase in stress, psycho-emotional overstrain and physical inactivity, but also with the refusal of parents to lead a healthy lifestyle. Children's health directly depends on the living conditions in the family, health literacy, hygienic culture of parents and their level of education. Often, the level of knowledge and skills of parents in the field of developing healthy lifestyle habits is low, and interest in this problem arises only when the child already requires psychological or medical assistance. Most parents do not understand the very essence of the concept of "health", considering it only as the absence of disease, completely ignoring the relationship between physical, mental and social well-being. As a result, children develop bad habits, which can be very difficult to get rid of.

Parents need to know the criteria for the effectiveness of upbringing a healthy lifestyle:

positive dynamics of the physical condition of your child;

decrease in morbidity;

the formation of the child's skills to build relationships with peers, parents and other people;

reducing the level of anxiety and aggressiveness.

The readiness for a healthy lifestyle does not arise by itself, but is formed in a person from an early age, primarily within the family in which the child was born and raised.

The task of parents is to convey the importance of daily care of their health to the consciousness of their child, to teach the art of health promotion.

This art is mastered by children in the process of joint activities with their parents. Parents need not to direct their children to the path of health, but to lead them along this path by their example.

The main task for parents is: the formation of a child's moral attitude to their health, which is expressed in the desire and need to be healthy, to lead a healthy lifestyle. He must realize that health for a person is the most important value, the main condition for achieving any life goal, and everyone is responsible for maintaining and strengthening his health.

To solve such a problem, parents need to remember the rule - "If you want to raise your child healthy, you yourself should follow the path of health, otherwise there will be nowhere to lead him!"

Forming a healthy lifestyle for the child, the family, in conscience with the school, must instill in the child the following basic knowledge, skills and abilities:

knowledge of the main parts of the body and internal organs, their location and role in the life of the human body;

the ability to measure height, body weight, determine the frequency of one's pulse and respiration, understanding the meaning of determining these indicators for monitoring health and its correction;

understanding the importance of a healthy lifestyle for personal health, well-being, academic success;

knowledge of the rules of personal hygiene, hygiene of residential and educational premises, clothing, shoes, etc.;

the ability to properly build a daily routine and carry it out;

knowledge of the basic rules of rational nutrition, taking into account age;

understanding the importance of physical activity for the development of a healthy organism;

knowledge of the rules for the prevention of diseases of the spine, foot, organs of vision, hearing and others;

knowledge of the main natural factors that strengthen health, and the rules for their use;

knowledge of the rules for maintaining health from colds and some other infectious diseases;

the ability to analyze dangerous situations, predict the consequences and find a way out of them;

the ability to provide the simplest help for small cuts, bruises, burns, frostbite;

knowledge of medical institutions where it is possible to get help in case of illness;

the ability to interact with the environment, to understand under what conditions the environment (house, class, street, road, forest) is safe for life.

Formation of a healthy lifestyle serves to strengthen the whole family. The child must learn the best family traditions, understand the meaning and importance of the family in human life, the role of the child in the family, master the norms and ethics of relations with parents and other family members.

Parents should develop the child's interest in the professional and everyday activities of their family members, form an understanding of their social significance. To foster in a child kindness, friendliness, endurance, purposefulness, courage, positive self-esteem, an optimistic attitude towards life, the ability to express one's feelings, the ability to believe in one's own strength and trust the world. To develop his communication skills, the spirit of cooperation and teamwork, the ability to understand the feelings of another, to communicate and interact in a group.

Mastering this knowledge and skills, the child learns to manage his emotions and mental activity. It improves psychological well-being at school, contributes to more successful learning.

The solutions are as follows:

constant communication of parents with the school, namely with the physical education teacher, class teacher, in order to know about the problems or successes of their child. To do this, you do not need to constantly go to school, you can communicate using the phone;

joint participation of parents in physical culture and recreation activities held by the school as participants, assistants to organizers, judges;

joint visit to sports competitions [13, p.61].

2 Methods and forms of upbringing a healthy lifestyle in a child in a family

The concept of the form of education in pedagogical literature is defined as a way of organizing the educational process. The forms of organization of the educational process in the most general form reflect the relationship that develops between educators and pupils.

The forms of educational activity are of a different nature:

1. By the direction of the content

intellectually - cognitive;

socially creative;

vocational guidance;

cultural and leisure;

sports and recreation;

artistic and creative;

organizational

By the nature of interaction and joint activities

competitive forms (contests, competitions);

spectacular (performances, movie screenings);

productive and constructive (defense of projects, exhibitions);

communicative forms (round tables, evenings of meetings);

demo (presentation);

individual self-expression (portfolio, etc.).

Various methods of education follow from the presented typology of forms. In the course of the development of ideas about a healthy lifestyle, it is better to give preference to simple methods and techniques: conversations, reading, drawing, observing nature, caring for plants, playing games, and most importantly, personal example. Let's take a look at some of them.

We consider practical exercises to be one of the important methods of forming knowledge about healthy lifestyles.

These activities are best done with school or kindergarten teachers. Some tasks can be done at home. Let's give as an example several topics that can be used in the process of preventive work with younger students.

Clean hands:

show how to wash your hands properly;

prove why you need to keep your hands clean when you absolutely need to wash them.

Healthy teeth:

show in the figure the sequence of brushing your teeth;

brush your teeth with a brush and paste;

prove why you need to brush your teeth, when and with what pastes;

draw up a memo "What our teeth love", "Harmful to the teeth."

Beautiful nails:

show in the picture (draw) how to cut the nails on the hands and feet;

cut your fingernails correctly;

speculate why little girls should not grow long nails, paint them with varnish, wear many rings on their fingers.

Appearance:

choose (draw) options for clothes, shoes and hairstyles for school, theater, holiday, home, etc .;

show how to clean clothes and shoes, sew on buttons;

prove that it is always necessary to have a handkerchief with you, and explain why.

Me and my health.

Draw up a program for your own health improvement for a certain time (for a month, a week), including various activities for self-observation, self-regulation and self-healing.

Conversations should first of all touch upon the problems of the most concern to children: these are the problems of nature conservation and the prevention of bad habits. Another priority should be the themes of moral, mental health, spirituality, kindness, mercy. Another area is the "alphabet of health": topics of hygiene, healthy behavioral habits, rational nutrition, prevention of fatigue, etc.

Sample conversation questions:

Does the child want to be healthy? What is health?

On what and on whom does people's health depend?

Who should help, health - the person himself or other people - what and why?

Can a person help his own health and that of others? How can he do this?

What is the best way to take care of your health - alone or together with friends (classmates), parents, and why? Is friendship good for health?

Drawing is a powerful way to overcome communication barriers, this process helps the child to relax and focus on their thoughts. Drawing combined with writing or dialogue can be an excellent method for examining a child's perception of health. This is how children express thoughts that are difficult for them to express with words.

The “Draw and Write” technique is very popular with kids. This way of self-knowledge teaches them to analyze their own experience, reflect on their actions and desires.

Literary reading can also be used as a method of forming knowledge about healthy lifestyles. For example, M. Twain's book "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer". An excerpt is offered for reading, which describes the first experience of smoking a pipe by the protagonist and his friend Joe.

In addition to literary reading, in relation to the consolidation of useful habits, the formation of a positive attitude towards physical and moral health, play is of great importance. Play is the most effective type of activity that allows you to keep your child's productive capacity for as long as possible. In play, the child enters into various relationships: cooperation, subordination, mutual control, etc. The game reveals great potential. What kind of games can be used to form knowledge about healthy lifestyles.

Firstly, these are outdoor games, they create favorable conditions for mastering spatial orientation, contributes to the improvement of perception and ideas. Constantly comparing and refining the impressions received from actions in the environment, the child learns to be observant, realizes the relationship between objects in his environment. The games improve the knowledge acquired in the exercises about the direction of movement, locations and mutual positions of objects.

And in exercises and outdoor games with elements of competition, which can be organized with children from the yard in which the family lives, a creative attitude of children to physical activity is brought up; personality traits such as purposefulness, aspiration, responsibility, criticality of thought, persistence in overcoming difficulties, observation, activity are formed; development of fantasies, initiative and dedication, the ability to implement a creative plan in practice. The child learns to look at the usual, familiar in a new way. All this is necessary for a person in his future activities.

It is very important that a significant portion of these activities are conducted outdoors. Motor activity in the air enhances metabolism, redox processes, improves the functioning of all organs and systems

Secondly, intellectual games that reinforce the basic concepts, ideas, knowledge on the problem of a healthy lifestyle.

And finally, the main method is the personal example of the parents. This is the most important and important part in the formation of a healthy lifestyle in a child. Parents must show their child that in the morning they need to brush their teeth, do exercises, and eat only the right food. If the parents already have bad habits and they are not able to give them up, they should not set a bad example for the child, they should hide their needs from the eyes of the child, because children clearly repeat everything they see, poorly understanding whether this is good or bad. In the morning, the whole family must go through a set of exercises that promote a healthy lifestyle in order to set an example for the child where to start the morning. Parents should not pamper their child with fast foods until they have a clear idea that it is not healthy, because American food causes a lot of interest in and need in the child.

Thus, in the formation of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle in a child, any methods of work: entertaining conversation, storytelling, reading and discussion of children's books, watching movies, etc., are important for mastering knowledge about a healthy lifestyle. The effectiveness of the formation of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle will largely depend on the variety of methods that parents use in their work, as well as taking into account the age characteristics of the child when choosing these methods and the parents' personal example.

Conclusion

Formation of a healthy lifestyle in a child should be one of the mandatory components of family education. A family for a child is the environment where he finds role models and here his social birth takes place.

Based on our research and the tasks we set, we can draw the following conclusions:

The concept of "health" is not clearly defined in the scientific literature. Someone considers it a property, someone is a process, someone interprets it as a state, someone is an ability. As a rule, health is not only the absence of disease, but also a state of complete mental, physical and social well-being. But not all families understand this, believing that if a child is not sick, then he is healthy. Also, not all parents pay due attention to educating their child about a healthy lifestyle, so many children do not use the elementary rules of "clean hands", etc.

The upbringing potential of the family represents the actual actual ability to raise children, taking into account specific social constraints. Its indicators are the needs, traditions, attitudes, family interests and much more. It was also revealed that a child's health is largely determined by the attitude of parents to attempts to teach a child basic rules of hygiene, therefore, it is necessary to pay great attention to such upbringing of children, since at present this problem has become aggravated and has become urgent. The urgency of the problem of children's health and knowledge about it lies in the fact that children are not aware of this problem. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problem of replenishing the knowledge of children about a healthy lifestyle and to develop this in any way, starting, first of all, with the family.

3. There is one main direction of family education for the formation of a healthy lifestyle in a child. This includes work with children. It is necessary to convey the importance of daily health care to the consciousness of your child, to teach the art of health promotion, to form in the child a moral attitude towards his health, which is expressed in the desire and need to be healthy, to lead a healthy lifestyle. Parents should pay special attention to the formation of a favorable atmosphere in the house, to bring up in the child respect for themselves and those around them, and respect for their health. The educational influence on the child by the personal example of the parents is of great importance.

There are many forms and methods of bringing up a healthy lifestyle in a child's family. We believe that the best method is the "play" method. It more effectively influences the formation of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle in a child, more clearly makes him understand the importance of health. However, only a comprehensive use of all methods and forms of upbringing a healthy lifestyle in a family can form a clear understanding of what should be done in children to lead a healthy lifestyle.

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