Spock Biography Children. Genuine history of the legendary teacher of Doctor Spock. Basic principles - from childhood

According to his book, several generations of babies were raised in different countries of the world, and he himself built his theories, constantly remembering the sad experience of childhood and an authoritarian mother ... He got rich and became famous for the whole world, but in the end he was a hostage of his own success. Dr. Benjamin Spock is perhaps one of the brightest and conflicting personalities in the history of pedagogy and children's psychiatry.

Mother tyran

The famous psychiatrist, the author of the book, widely known in the Soviet Union called "Child and Care for Him," was born in 1903 in New York in a large family. Benjamin's father spent most of the time at work. But his spouse was sitting at home and had the opportunity to completely recoup on their children, suppressing their own "I". According to the memoirs of the American psychiatrist doctor, his mother did not recognize any other opinions except her. Even doctors were not for her authority: a woman believed that he had herself knows how best to treat and educate his chad. And at the same time the mother was a fanatical puritarian and strictly followed every step of his children. Infinite punishments and permanent moisture were in this family in commonplace.

As Benjamin Spock recognized many years later, the mother brought him up with Hange and snob. It is not surprising that this led to the depreciation: three of her children, matured, were forced to be treated with a psychiatrist, and practically everyone (except Ben) had problems in personal life.

Spock, perhaps, became the only one who was able to remain in the conditions of constant tyranny. Enrolled in the University of Yale, he felt freedom and left from under the control of the mother, leaving the house and preferring the student's independent life.

During study, Ben was actively engaged in crests, successfully speaking at competitions for the Yale team, and several years later moved to New York, where he soon married.

"Bible" for parents

Having received a profession of a doctor, Spock with his head went into pediatrics and psychiatry. Watching prejudices of young mothers and their mistakes in raising children, he analyzed them on the basis of their knowledge, as well as works by Sigmund Freud. At the same time, the young psychiatrist constantly recalled his own childhood and relationship with her mother, exposing them to deep analysis. As a result, Spock brought the theory about how to raise a psychologically healthy child, and began to publish his own books.

In 40 years, Spock took up the preparation of the care guide for babies, which would change the generally accepted prejudices and outdated false theories. He did not leave work on a book even during a two-year-old doctor on a fleet.

When Benjamin Spock released the famous world bestseller for child care, many Americans perceived him as a revelation and called "a good sense book." Still experiencing a subconscious panic fear of the mother, the writer specifically brought her this book to read it and carried her verdict. He was horrified that the woman would come into rage and spread his brainchild in the fluff and dust, and was very happy when she condescendingly said: "In principle, there are reasonable tips."

The book enriched Spock, and many young parents all over the world took her as "Bible for young mothers." The author himself absolutely did not expect such a fanatical reverence and at every opportunity he tried to convey to the public that his advice was not at all a panacea and do not need to fully fulfill everything he recommends.

However, it was too late: such insane popularity naturally came down her sideways. First, the fanatical following his advice without taking into account the characteristics of each particular family led to the fact that the recommendations did not work. And after a couple of dozen years, it caused a reverse reaction: increasingly, its studies began to call an erroneous theory, and the upbringing of "Spock" - guidance on "how to urge the child."

Feeding - not by the hour, but by the mind

For some reason, it is considered that Dr. Spock taught the baby to feed the baby strictly once every four hours, for which his theory scolds modern supporters of free chart of breastfeeding. In fact, it is not. In his book, Spock just talked about the fact that a young mother, choosing a feeding rule for his child, you need to choose your own schedule - based on how best to her child. But if she chose one or another option - it is desirable not to change it. The only thing that he warned the newly-made mothers is from being to give the baby to the breast every five minutes - about and without reason.

House - not prison

The adoption of Dr. Spock that the young mother does not have to locate himself in four walls, paying all his attention only to the child, in those years it seemed revolutionary. The doctor wrote that if a woman wants to go to visit or in a movie, she should not deny themselves in this, and for this she needs to ask for a nanny or someone from close to sit with the child. He rightly noticed that if the fanatically deal with the tea, heating himself to exhaustion, it would negatively affect his own health, would lead to depression, and can also lead to a break with her husband who would feel more than one.

Unfortunately, many young parents perceived this advice: they literally forgot about children, charging them with nanny and caregivers and spending all his free time at work or in clubs. Up to 40 million children born in the 1950s and 1960s were brought up "in the Spock". Later, the doctor was accused of what it was he who was warned in the creation of a generation of long-haired hippie, grew out in an atmosphere of permissiveness.

He was considered hippie

Interestingly, if now the book of Spock is considered an old-fashioned and too tough, then with his life it was not at all. Tips on what you need to love your children, hug and kiss, listen to them and follow intuition, American conservatives perceived as permissiveness, and some opponents of his theory even ranked Spock to Hippie. And the fact that the psychiatrist opposed nuclear tests and wars in Vietnam, just fastened the image of the Buntar.

Dr. Spock communicates with the press after removing official accusations of the youth agitation, not to go to the conscripts. Boston, 1968 / PHOTO:WashingtonPost.com

By the end of the life of Benjamin Spock, the sale of his best-selling child care began to fall, and when he was seriously ill, his second wife could not collect the necessary amount for treatment. After all, almost all the money earned, he spent on charity.

Benjamin Spock died, very little without surviving up to his 95th anniversary and dedicated to him of the seventh edition of his book. And about his child care guide in our country began to be gradually forgetting.

Of course, the peculiarities of the upbringing of our moms and grandmothers seem weird. By the way, at the beginning of the XX century there were very peculiar

Methods of Dr. Spock teaches to appreciate and love the child. But the experience of Benjamin Spock itself was not so ideal as described in his books.

From a large family

Benjamin Spock is one of the six children born in the family of lawyer Ayvor Spock, and the oldest. That is why since childhood he felt responsibility to the younger and actively helped mom to care for brothers and sisters.

Basic principles - from childhood

The family of Benjamin adhered to the principles of healthy nutrition and hardening. So, the children did not eat sweet to five years, slept under a hacker on the street to any weather, took an active part in home affairs instead of walking with peers.

Female child

Mom Benjamin, Louise Mildred, adhered to authoritarian regime. Children were punished for their provinces, and the children were afraid of the mother. Later, Dr. Spock himself will tell about it with sadness: he grew by a childish child, who worked not only in front of her mother, but also by other people.

Ship doctor

Spock always dreamed of being a doctor, however, ship, because the sea and everything connected with him, fascinated Benjamin.

Freud is to blame

He was not destined to go to the maritime swimming: Benjamin read Freud, and his works had a huge impact on Spock. The idea that diseases do not happen by themselves, did not give peace, and Spock decided to become a pediatrician. Soon he entered the University of Yöl.

Olympic medalist

Spock had excellent physical data and height 189 See the University of Benjamin took into a sports team on rowing, and he achieved considerable heights in this sport: he participated in the Olympic Games in France in 1924 and won the Gold Medal.

Heart attack

Relationships with mother were not easy throughout the life of Benjamin. When he, a medical school student, brought Jane Chini into the house, Mom depicted a heart attack. However, the father's "heart disease" of his wife "successfully cured at the very moment at that time", and this was not affected by Benjamin's personal life - he married his bride.

Death of a child and syphilis

The young family survived the tragedy - the death of their newborn baby. The mother of Spock stated, the daughter-in-law and her pedigree was to blame, because she found out, the father of Benjamin's wife was sofilis. After that, Benjamin's scandal and his spouse ceased to communicate with Louise Mildred and moved to New York.

Doctor with oddities

That was how many parents of small patients were reacted to Benjamin. They were embarrassed by the point of view of Dr. Spock, who said that a child is a person, it must be respected, not to load work and give the opportunity to enjoy childhood. In those days, children from an early age were prepared for heavy work, and no one thought about the person and exposure to punishment on the psyche. As a result, the doctor had a little patients, but they talked about him and wrote.

Best-seller

The situation has changed when Benjamin Spock released a series of books. Each of them was addressed to parents, they talked about the psychological aspects of education, how to care for children. One of the books - "Baby and Caring for Him" \u200b\u200b- became a bestseller.

Theory and practice

In the theory of "how to educate children", Benjamin was strong, in practice - by no means. He himself recognized that he was overly strict to his children and never kissed her sons. Perhaps this is how Mother's genes and her authoritarian position for their upbringing were affected.

Son doctor

Despite the coldness of relationships with his father, the eldest son John went in the footsteps of Benjamin and became a doctor. The junior chose the path of the architect.

Testing glory

When Spock became a famous doctor, his spouse began to jealous him to glory and lean on alcohol. Benjamin was 70 when the family finally broke up.

Young wife

And the years after the divorce did not pass, as Dr. Spock decided to marry again. The 73-year-old groom found himself a young bride, which was a little more than 30. Some say, she married him for love, others argue that the bride was looking for fame.

Favorite grandson

The fate of Spock with his grandson Peter, the son of Michael, and the heart of the old man melted. He all souls imbued with his grandchildren. However, Peter committed suicide, the doctors stated, the 22-year-old young man suffered from depression. The death of his beloved grandson, 79-year-old Benjamin survived with a heart attack and stroke and accused of all his son Michael, who "launched" a child.

Money - society

Benjamin Spock's books had a deafening success, for example, the "child and care for it" was released in 40 languages \u200b\u200bwith a circulation of 50 million copies. This book brought Benjamin millions, but it was not interested in the material side of the question. He gave money to hundreds of charitable foundations, signed without looking at the bill, and to the old age, its multi-million state was dissolved.

Fatal disease

To fight cancer, which was discovered from Benjamin at sunset, he was required 10,000 dollars, but there was no such money from the famous doctor. The eldest son Michael tried to help his father, but he did not accept the help. Spock's wife tried to assemble the amount by referring to the admirers of the doctor, but did not have time. Spock died aged 94 years.

The book of a pediatrician pediatrician Benjameman Spoka "Child and Caring for Him" \u200b\u200bcame out more than 70 years ago, but still remains a world bestseller, and she has hot supporters, and fanatical opponents. How should I go now in XXI A century perceive the identity of Dr. Spock, and his book? We asked the teacher of Irina Lukyanov and Pediatrician Tatyana Shiposhin.

Pedagogue Irina Lukyanova

At the books of Dr. Spoka, parents raised not one generation of children. But in the twentieth century, the prestige of the doctor was questioned: he gave the wrong advice, he himself was a bad father and even apologized for his recommendations - so it is impossible to educate children in Spock!

He was indeed a complex person and is by no means an ideal father. Attacks on his book are partly caused by the rejection of his political views, partly - the fact that the public relations to the Spock and Spoka-Father postponed a professional. But Spock is not an educator. He is a doctor. Doctor who first told parents: "Trust yourself, you know much more than you think."

These are comforting words for inexperienced dads and mothers who are taken on the first child's hands: it is not clear how to keep him, so that he did not fall off the head, what to do so that he would not publish such monstrous sounds. In the ninety year, when I was born the first child, the book of Benjamer Spock "Child and Care for Him" \u200b\u200bwas a desktop - and very beneficially differed from the harsh Soviet brochures, demanding sterility, disciplines and regimes. Calm, based on common sense, the book of Doctor Spock as if allowed to be parents to be, relaxing and listening to non-categorical recommendations of physicians, not familiar, and their child. He speaks about it right in the first rows: "Do not be afraid to trust your own common sense. Education of the child will not be difficult if you yourself will not complicate it. Trust your intuition and follow the advice of a children's doctor. The main thing is that the child needs is your love and care. And it is much more valuable than theoretical knowledge. " And yet: "... Good, loving parents intuitively choose the most correct solutions. Moreover, confidence in their forces is the key to success. Be natural and disagree mistakes. "

Dr. Spock explained novice parents that it would be difficult for them that it would be normal that they could have depression that it was easier with one children, and more difficult with others, and they live with it ... that if you think you don't love your own Child, then love and tenderness will wake up over time, and they may not be in the first days, and this is also normal.

No need to sterilize everything. No need to constantly weigh a child. No need to extinct the thermal temperature in the bath - it is enough to try it with the reverse side of the elbow.

Revolution in childhood

Actually, the book of Doctor Spock is not a manual for pedagogy. This is a medical directory for parents, and most of the book is devoted to such urgent problems of the first year of life, like healing of the navel, colic, restless sleep, vomiting, hopping, constipation and diarrhea, diarmity and rash, infection and vaccinations. It's just an encyclopedia of a beginner mother, where all frequently asked questions were collected together long before the internet appearance. Now many of the recommendations of the doctor are outdated (let's say, nowhere will not come to mind to offer a child on artificial feeding the products listed by Dr., which were considered acceptable in the fortieth). Perhaps, one of the spock's recommendation is now completely refuted - putting the baby to sleep on the tummy so that he does not choose if he jumps out. It is proved that the syndrome of the sudden mortality rate of babies is directly connected with sleep on the stomach.

And many recommendations from those that then seemed insanely bold and crushing the foundations, now, on the contrary, it seems too conservative - so, the supporters of a joint dream will surely outrage the recommendation of the doctor not to take the child in their bed. However, when my child had a clock at night, I also followed not this recommendation, and the other: Listen to my child. And in printective time - it was a detailed and sensible collection of information about what a child is and what to do with it.

Edition 1991

Now we are no longer visible, in what historical conditions this book appeared. By the middle of the twentieth century, medicine made serious success and achieved a lot in the fight against the antisanitation, and the pedagogy has long realized that the child is not just a small adult, only a stupid, but a very special creature worthy of a separate study. But before the medicine insisted on tough mode and sterility, and pedagogy - on obedience and discipline. The child was put on to feed on the clock, do not take in the hands, so as not to break, tightly swaded and not approach any scream. Actually, the Doctor of Spock itself was raised - Mom Mom could, according to the directory of a home doctor, to put a child with a diagnosis of "Malaria" (and the diagnosis was true) - but raising children in rigor and without any heat. The children were afraid of her and desperately her lied. Father loved - but he was almost not engaged in children.

The book of the Doctor Spock in the original is called "a common sense based book about child and care for him." It is actually founded on a common sense and love: parents, do not be afraid to break the child, feeding it not by the hour. If you want to kiss a child - kiss, it is not dangerous and does not deal with infection. Fathers, help mothers and love your children.

All this was at the time completely revolutionary. And the book became a bestseller, and it became crazy with the chairs: the first circulation was 10 thousand copies, but by the end of the first year already sold 750 thousand, and then the circulation exceeded 50 million in 42 languages.

No extra tenderness

Benjamin Spock's father graduated from the Prestigious School Philips Academy and Yale University, served as the main legal adviser on the railway. He was "harsh, but fair", according to Spock himself, but the children saw him rarely. The mother was a housewife and five children brought up in an iron discipline: she knew exactly how to teach them, heal, to temper, with whom they can be found, and with whom it is impossible. Children all year slept outdoors - on the porch. He treated their mother herself, punished strictly. Spock's biographers found out that the result of such education was quite sad: Mildred Spock had four of the children for help from psychiatrists. In one interview, Spock said that when his sons were children, he never kissed them - "And now I'm immediately embraced when I see them." Maybe - I just didn't know how to teach tenderness, although I knew perfectly well and understood how she was needed by children.

Ben Spock went to the father's footsteps - in the same school and the same university, and first decided to study English literature. He was engaged in rowing and as part of the university team, which represented the United States at the Olympic Games in Paris in 1924, won the Olympic Gold.

They say that he loved ships and thought about the career of the sailor; Someone advised him to become a ship physician. One way or another, he replaced the faculty and began to study medicine - first in Yel, then in Columbia University, which graduated in 1929.

In 1927, he married Jane Chini, the daughter of a rich producer of silk. Jane helped him write his famous book - reprinted it many times, demanded to correct the unclear places, looking for medical information, consulted with doctors. Socialist Jane influenced the political views of her husband: Republican Ben became a democrat. She gave him two sons. They lived together for 48 years and divorced in 1976: he decided to marry a second time. And she suffered from alcoholism. After the divorce, both sons of Spock took the last name Mother. "They scolded me for the fact that I did not show more tenderness when they were children, and was tough," he said in one of his interviews. - This is from the thoughtlessness of a person who is absorbed by his work. "

Raise on shock

Brilliantly graduating from the university, Spock studied in the internship and began to work in a pediatrician - first in the clinic, then led private practice. In addition, he read the pediatric course in Cornell, one of the best universities in the country. Working with young patients, he realized that parents more often turn to it not so much with medical problems as with care and education issues: how to feed? When to give lures? Is it possible to take a hand? Do I need to rock? How to punish? What if he sucks a finger? And if refuses to sit on the pot? In order to answer these questions, he had to seriously engage in children's psychology; He first of the pediatricians seriously studied psychoanalysis and wrote the book "Psychological aspects of pediatric practice", dedicated to the psychological climate in the family where the child grows.

But families continued to ask questions - and in the end, Spock became clear that the detailed reference book was sharply needed with young modern parents. And that he should have been written on a solid scientific basis - but with a complete understanding that parents know the best of all their child - and that primarily the child needs the love of parents.

Benjamin Spock. 1968

Listen to the child, hear him, respect his personality - all this has become a revolutionary discovery for post-war parents. The generation of baby boomers was brought up on the ideas of Spock - and over time they became generally accepted truths and pediatrics, and pedagogy.

However, some parents accepted the words of Dr. Spoka so close to the heart "The child himself knows what he needs," that he took his advice as an idea of \u200b\u200banything to limit the child and allow him to do everything he considers it necessary. Spock himself constantly objected to such a interpretation of his recommendations and even specially supplemented the book by the head dedicated to the discipline: he is not against discipline as such, he is against discipline without love, against raising the fear of punishment.

But against permissiveness. He writes about the young generation of parents, who parents brought rigidly - and which now uncritically take the theory of upbringing with love: "But often such parents misinterpret such theories, for example, believing that children do not need anything other than parental love that children should not be made to obey It is impossible to interfere with the manifestation of their aggressive instincts towards parents and other people that parents are to blame if the educational problems arise that when children behave badly, parents should not be angry or punished them, but to show even greater love. These incorrect views are not applicable in real conditions. The child raised by such principles will become all demanding and capricious. In addition, the child will feel guilty, realizing that it comes too far in bad behavior. " He insists: "The child needs to know that his parents also have their own rights and that, despite the friendliness and affection, they know how to show hardness and will not allow him to do unwise and tend. The child will love such parents harder. It teaches the child to get along with other people. "

Nevertheless, the label of the propagandist permissiveness to it was stuck - the truth, a quarter of a century after the release of his book.

Depravator nation

The generation of baby boomers has grown - the first free generation, alone said; The depraved generation, others said. When the protests against the war in Vietnam began, Dr. Spock joined them: he did not treat children to be killed. Convinced democrat, he considered this war with disgrace for his country, publicly opposed her - and in 1967 he headed together with Martin Luther King and Jane Stock Foren the famous anti-war march - "Treting on the Pentagon", and then was sentenced to two years in prison for support Conscripts who burned their agendas (the sentence, however, was canceled after the appeal). Vice-President of the United States Spiro Agnus accused Spock in propaganda of permissiveness and nation's plant; The famous preacher Norman Vincent Pil, who supported the war in Vietnam, said that Dr. Spock spoiled two generations by his requirement to immediately satisfy the needs of children. And the very generation of baby boomers was called the "generation of Spock" - corrupted and divided. And the ranks of the Spock book began to fall.

Spock answered with great dignity: "Since these accusations were first nominated twenty-two years after publishing the book" Child and Caring for Him ", and since those who write, how are my books are harmful, they will certainly notify me that they are never We did not use, - I think it is quite clear that my political position is unacceptable for them, and not pediatric councils. "

Nevertheless, among supporters of hard upbringing and corporal punishments, which are quite a few among American conservatives (and such quite a lot among American Christians) the idea of \u200b\u200bthe harmfulness of the books of Doctor Spock's books is still alive and popular. The daughter of the popular preacher Billy Graham dropped on television. Comment - they say, Dr. Spock did not tell us to spank the children, otherwise it was violence over their small personality, and at the very sprock my son committed suicide. The gossip went to walk through the light, she is full of Internet.

It is not true: the sons of Spock are alive, healthy (although their relationship with his father was not rainbow - in his homework, the doctor was a hard man). One of them, Michael, before retirement headed the Museum of Childhood in Boston, the second, John was a construction business. The son of Michael Peter, since childhood suffered from schizophrenia, really committed suicide at the 22nd age - but it is unlikely that this family tragedy can be somehow tied with the pedagogical ideas of Dr. Spock.

Final: without money, but with jazz

Spock wrote a few more books; The latter, "The best world for our children: to build a new value of the American family" was devoted to the most painful issues of American society. Dr. Spock said in one interview that the policy is also part of the pediatrics. He taught, spoke on radio and television and led the speakers in popular magazines. After the divorce with his wife in 1976, he married 33-year-old Mary Morgan, who became his associate in political activities; They participated together in protest rallies, they were arrested together. She became a secretary, and a stylist, and a nutritionist - by the end of his life, the doctor became a vegetarian: he had a hard sick, almost could not walk, and on a vegetarian diet, 20 kg dropped and began to walk again.

They settled in Arkansas. They lived on the shore of the lake, and spock did row daily. Then they moved them at all into the floating house - almost until the very death of Spock and his wife lived on boats, and only in recent years of life moved to a dormant at the request of the doctor. He was distinguished by powerful health and died in the 95th age. By this time, almost nothing remains from his fees: he generously distributed money - and supported candidates from the Democratic Party, and sacrificed charity funds.

The widow had to publicly collect money to pay a hospital bill for 10 thousand dollars. Spock bequeathed to bury him fun, Novoorlean's: with jazz and dancing. The widow performed his will.

And the book is sold so far. Today's parents do not even realize that they largely continue to raise children in Spock, not even reading it.

About Dr. Spock (and not only about him)

The book of Doctor Spock was written in 1946, and in Russian - for the first time translated in 1956.

I studied at the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute in the 80s. I can say with confidence that the Leningrad School was leading in the USSR. And in the 80s, and later - us, young doctors, taught the feeding of a child strictly according to the regime. We were not taught not to "download" a child. Do not carry it on your hands. So I fed and "brought up" my two sons. But only the "stone" heart does not get drifts when the child shouts in the crib! Of course, the "system" I violated. And show me someone who did not violate!

I had to retrain, already becoming a "elderly" doctor. In the last years, ten pediatricians teach young mothers to feed children "on demand". That is, with a small stretch, "according to Dr. Spock." And "Swing", and the holding of the child in the hands of the "System" violation has become a rule. Yes, at one time the ideas of the doctor produced a "coup" in the system of care for newborns.

But ... any "coup" warns us so that we do not spike with water and a child. In the end, each mom must come to the fact that the child will produce its power mode. And this mode will be the one that the time for the time of the centuries offered to adhere to us. After 3 hours, after 3, 5 hours, after 4 hours ...

Poor moms, not sleeping, with circles under the eyes! Plugging to depression. Funny breasts with any screaming poor cat. How much I have seen such! Sometimes I had to talk, and sufficiently strictly: "No earlier than in three hours! Mode!! No "free" feeding! And sleep, sleep, sleep! "

Of all the rules there are exceptions. As always, the benefits and harm go under the handle, and you must have some small, even I would say, wisdom to extract from any "system" exactly what is suitable for your child and you. No need to be a "System" fan. Neither the traditional nor doctor of Spock, nor any other. Read and Spock, and Masara Ibuk, and any loved ones on the views of modern psychologists and teachers.

For example, Leonid Roshal performed a categorical opponent of a child's sleep on his stomach, as it rises the risk of death from mechanical asphyxia. It is hopelessly outdated and even harmful to the confusion of the baby with sweet water, the mixed feeding of a child, about the discount of his milk with sugar syrup. Of course, in the hungry years, children grow up, even if they were filmed with chewed bread wrapped in a rag. Only in such cases nothing is said about the highest child mortality.

We live in our time, in their own terms. Milk mixtures are now very extensive, a large selection of various adapted mixtures, and hypoallergenic, and lactose-free, and others. At the time of Dr. Spock there were no such knowledge of immunity, about antibodies, about allergies. Therefore, the approval of the Doctor of Spock on the absence of the relationship between the child's health and the type of its feeding is recognized as a false World Health Organization. By the way, this statement was greatly harmful: it was the leadership for women who refused to breastfeed their children.

The provisions of the doctor about the introduction of adhesiveness, to combat the peculiarities of the chair, with colic and constipation. Not diagnosed lactase insufficiency, which is now revealed per day and is treatable. Few thought then and about gluten intolerance. Outdated the provisions on swarenia. Some provisions on the physical and psychomotive development of the child, about children's neurosis, such as stuttering, biting nails and so on.

I would like to emphasize once again that young parents can read any literature. But if you went on this path - be objective, do not throw in the "system" as in some truth in the last instance. Read articles and "for" the system, and "against". Consign me with an experienced doctor.

Choose with the mind, and approach the child with love. Love will tell you how to do and when to run to the doctor.

Biography

Benjamin Spock was born on May 2, 1903 in the city of New Haven, Connecticut in the family of a successful lawyer of the Netherlands origin of Ayvor Spock and housewives Mildred Louise (Stowon) Spock. The family had six children. Benjamin was senior, so since childhood he was used to take care of the children.

After graduating from school, Spock entered the University of Yale, where he first studied English and literature, and was also fond of sports. Considering its growth (189 cm) and excellent physical data, Ben soon took part of the rowers (academic rowing, eight), whose performance at the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris brought the United States a gold medal. Benjamin Spock became an Olympic champion.

Despite the excellent results in sports and good knowledge in the field of philology, Spock chooses medicine with his vocation. "Unconscious thrust for medicine" won: after studying for several years at the medical faculties of the Yale and Colombian universities, Spock in 1929 became a doctor.

The Soviet Dr. Leonid Rosal was an active opponent of Benjamin Spock. In particular, he warned from sleep on the chest, since in the latter case the risk of death from mechanical asphyxia is possible.

Publications in Russian

• Spock B. About raising children. - m .: AST, 1998.
• Spock B. About life and love with ordinary words. For teenagers from 12 and older. - m.: Pilgrim, 1999.
• Spock B. Problems of parents. - M.: Popourry, 1999.
• Spock B. Conversation with mother. - M.: Litur, 2001.
• Spock B. Child. Care and upbringing from 3 to 11 years. - m.: Phoenix, 2001.
• Spock B. Young people about love and sex. - M.: Owl, Eksmo, 2002.
• Spock B. Feeding a newborn. - M.: Owl, Eksmo, 2003.
• Spock B. Infancy problems. - M.: Owl, Eksmo, 2003.
• Spock B. Problems of behavior in young children. - M.: Owl, Eksmo, 2003.
• Spock B. The first two years of life from Dr. Spock. - m .: Popourry, 2007.
• Spock B. Book for parents from Dr. Spock. - m .: Popourry, 2008.
• Spock B. School years from Dr. Spock. - m .: Popourry, 2008.
• Spock B. Baby and care for him. - m .: Popourry, 2014.

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Notes

Excerit, characterizing Spock, Benjamin

When Princess Marya was crying, he realized that she was crying that Nichushka would stay without his father. With great effort on yourself, he tried to go back to life and moved to their point of view.
"Yes, they should seem sorry for them! He thought. - And how easy it is! "
"Heavenly birds are neither sow, nor zaughty, but your father nourishes them," he said himself and wanted to say the same princess. "But no, they will understand it in their own way, they will not understand! This, they cannot understand that all these feelings they value, all our, all these thoughts that seem so important to us that they are not needed. We can not understand each other. " - And he fell silent.

Little son of Prince Andrei was seven years old. He barely knew how to read, he knew nothing. He survived a lot after that day, acquiring knowledge, observation, experiment; But if he would have left all these after the acquired abilities, he could not better understand the whole meaning of the scene he saw between his father, Prince Marya and Natasha, what he understood her now. He understood everything and, not crying, left the room, silently approached Natasha, who left him, shyly looked at her thoughtful beautiful eyes; The raised ruddy upper lip turned him down, he leaned against her head and cried.
From that day, he avoided Desala, avoided his countess her caught and either she sat alone, or she approached the princess Marya and Natasha, whom he seemed to love even more his aunt, and quietly and shyly caught him.
Princess Mary, coming out of Prince Andrew, understood quite all that Natasha's face told her. She did not speak more with Natasha about the hope of salvation of his life. She alternated with her in his sofa and did not cry more, but it was indisputable, turning to the soul to the eternal, incomprehensible, whom the presence was so sensitively over a human man.

Prince Andrei not only knew that he would die, but he felt that he was dying that he had already died half. He experienced a consciousness of alienation from the whole earthly and joyful and strange lightness of being. He, not in a hurry and not disturbing, expected what he had to do. That terrible, eternal, unknown and distant, the presence of which he did not cease to feel in continuation of his whole life, now it was close to him and - for the strange ease of being, which he experienced is almost clear and experienced.
Before he was afraid of the end. He twice has experienced this terrible painful feeling of fear of death, end, and now I have not understood it.
The first time he experienced this feeling when the pomegranate with a wolf spoiled in front of him and he looked at the stall, on the bushes, on the sky and knew that he had death before him. When he woke up after the wound and in his soul, it instantly, as if liberated from his opposite life, this flower of love, eternal, free, independent of this life, was no longer afraid of death and did not think about her.
The more he, in those hours of suffering privacy and the half-breed, which he spent after his wound, was thoughtful to the new, the beginning of the beginning of eternal love, the more he himself, who did not feel that, renounced earthly life. Everything, to love everyone, always sacrificed for love, there was no one to love anyone, it meant not to live it in life. And the more he penetrated with this beginning of love, the more he renounced from life and the more perfectly destroyed that terrible barrier, which stands between life and death without love. When he, this is the first time, recalled that he had to die, he spoke to himself: Well, the better.
But after that night in Mytishchi, when the one he wanted to half-breed in front of him, and when he, pressed her hand to his lips, I cried with quiet, joyful tears, the love of one woman quickened in his heart and again tied him to Life. And joyful and disturbing thoughts began to come to him. Remembering the minute at the dressing point, when he saw Kuragin, he could now not return to that feeling: he was tormented by the question of whether he live? And he did not dare to ask it.

His illness was his physical order, but the fact that Natasha called: it was happening with him, it happened to him two days before the arrival of Princess Marya. It was the last moral struggle between life and death in which death won. It was an unexpected consciousness that he was still treated with the life of him in love for Natasha, and the last, conquered horror fit before unknown.
It was in the evening. He was, as usual after lunch, in a light feverish condition, and his thoughts were extremely clear. Sonya sat at the table. He tristed. Suddenly, the feeling of happiness embraced it.
"And it entered it!" He thought.
Indeed, on the site of Sony sat only with the silent steps of Natasha.
Since she began to walk behind him, he always experienced this physical feeling of her intimacy. She was sitting on his chair, sideways to him, leaving him the candle light from him, and knit stockings. (She learned to knit stockings since the prince Andrei told her that no one knows how to walk for sick, like old nanies that knit stockings, and that in knitting stockings there is something soothing.) Thin fingers quickly came through the occasionally Stocked needles, and the thoughtful profile of her lowered face was clearly visible to him. She did the movement - the tangle rolled down with her knees. She shuddered, looked back at him and, challenging a candle with his hand, cautious, flexible and accurate movement bent, raised the tangle and sat down in the previous position.
He looked at her, not moving, and saw that she had to breathe in all her chest after his movement, but she did not decide to do it and carefully translated the breath.
In Trinity Lavra, they talked about the past, and he told her that, if he was alive, he would thank forever God for his wound, who brought him again with her; But since then they never talked about the future.
"Could it or could not be? - he thought now, looking at her and listening to the light steel sound of the knitting needles. - Is it really just then a fateful fate so strangely to die? .. Did I have a truth of life only for me to live in lies? I love her most in the world. But what to do to me, if I love her? " He said, and he suddenly unwittingly groaned, in a habit that he acquired during his suffering.
Hearing this sound, Natasha put a stocking, leaned closer to him and suddenly, noticing his glowing eyes, approached him with a slight step and bent.
- You are not asleep?
- No, I have been looking at you for a long time; I felt when you were entered. No one like you, but gives me that soft silence ... of that light. I want to cry from joy.
Natasha moved closer to him. Her face shone enthusiastically joy.
- Natasha, I love you too much. More than anything.
- And I? - She turned away for a moment. - Why is it too? - she said.
"Why is it too? .. Well, what do you think, how do you feel like, in the whole soul, I will be alive?" How do you think?
- I'm sure I'm sure! - Almost screamed Natasha, passionate movement taking him for both hands.
He paused.
- How well! - And, taking her hand, he kissed her.
Natasha was happy and excited; And immediately she remembered that it was impossible that he needed peace.
"However, you didn't sleep," she said, suppressing his joy. - Try to fall asleep ... please.
He released, shook her, her hand, she moved to the candle and sat down again in her old position. She looked back at him twice, his eyes glowed towards her. She asked himself a lesson on a stuff and said that until then she would not look like, until he had finished him.
Indeed, soon after that he closed his eyes and fell asleep. He slept for a long time and suddenly in the cold sweat anxiously woke up.
Falling asleep, he thought everything about the same thing he thought was all the time, - about life and death. And more about death. He felt closer to her.

On July 14, 1946, the book of Benjamin Spoka "Care for a child in the spirit of common sense" appeared on the shelves of American bookstore stores. At the dawn of the Third Millennium, there is hardly a mother who does not know that the child should not be tightly swaded and not necessarily feed on schedule. But in the middle of the 20th century, these "strange" advice of Doctor Spoka became a real sensation ..

"Care for the child in the spirit of common sense" - the so-called a book that agrees the whole world, and in the United States in popularity ranked second after the Bible and became the desktop book of young parents. For 55 years, "Child ..." has grown six reprints, was translated into 42 languages, including Urdu (Iran and part of Afghanistan), Thai (Thailand) and Tamil (Sri Lanka), and the total circulation of the book has already exceeded 50 million copies.

The future adviser of all young parents was born in 1903 in New Haven (Connecticut, USA) in the family of a successful lawyer. Spock, ignorated Dutch Spaak, is a generic name of the family of immigrants, settled in the valley of the Hudson River. Benjamin Mildred-Louise's mother, a strict and powerful woman who is accustomed to hide their feelings was the embodiment of the puritanism. One of the main authorities on "Children's Issues" in America then Dr. John Watson was considered. "Never, never kiss your child," he was strictly punished with young parents in the book "Psychological upbringing of a baby and a child." Looks like Mildred-Louise was a diligent Watson's student.

Spock first began to use psychoanalysis to understand the needs of children

In addition, the pedagogical arsenal of the then parents, according to the expression of the newspaper "Boston Globa", consisted of "worshipers, judgments inherited from the Victorian era, the teachings of grandmothers and benevolent, but not always competent councils of neighbors, mother-in-law and mother-in-law." In protest against the methods of upbringing practiced, in particular, in his family, parting with childhood, Benjamin Spock and wrote his book.

For most American dads and mothers, a new "manual" as if opened the window from the stuffy room into the world of smells and paints. Even Mildred-Louise, after reading the essay of the Son, said: "Well, Benny, in my opinion, is very thorough." And young mothers read the "child" as a bestseller. "I have a feeling," one of the readers confessed in a letter, "as if you are talking to me, and most importantly, you consider me a reasonable being ...".

The older of six children in the family, Benjamin had to find out in full understanding what kind of nannies are. "How many diapers I changed how many bottles with nipples raised!" - He told about his childhood. It is not surprising that Spock sympathized with mothers. And being in war as a psychiatrist, he was shocked by how cynically she reduces all parental efforts.

Up to 40 million children born in 1950-1960s, were brought up "in Skop"

In 1943, he began a book on the care of children "in the spirit of common sense": "Some young parents believe that they should refuse all the pleasures simply from the principle, and not from practical considerations. But too large self-sacrifice will not benefit or you nor the child. If the parents are too busy only by their child, constantly worry about him, they become uninteresting for others and even for each other ... ".

It is common sense that the foundation of children's education should be the basis of child education, said Dr. Spock: "If the child is crying, comforted or feed it, even if the feeding schedule is disturbed. But you don't need to rush to the baby, stronger, hardly he wants. If the child can not or do not want to do something, do not force it ... ".

The admirers of Benjamin Spock claim that the book "Child and Caring for Him", written in the era of the presidency of Franklin Roosevelt, reflected the common sense of Roosevelt "New Course", who helped America not only survive in the heavy tests of the 20th century, but also to become the strongest power in the world . The opponents of the education of "Spodes" believed that he was shaking the Christian courts of society: "The Bible teaches that man is initially praised. Everyone carry the curse of original sin. Spock abandoned the Christian paradigm. The methods of education proposed by the doctor were based on the child's resolution as much as possible. "

Benjamin Spock himself said that he tried to translate the ideas of two major thinkers of the beginning of the 20th century - the founder of the psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud, as well as the American philosopher and enlightener John Dewey, believed that "not necessarily to drive children in adulthood with the help of disciplinary methods - they It may well become adults on their own will. " Children who are brought up in accordance with the advice of Dr. Spock, demonstrated in nature already in the 60s, leading to the protests against the War in Vietnam. Yes, and the doctor himself from the first days of war began to oppose her. The respectable physician threatened serious trouble, but he deliberately went to risk: "It makes no sense to raise children to allow them to burn alive." In 1968, Benjamin Spock was found guilty of criminal feasibility with young people who evad the call to the Armed Forces of the United States. The doctor threatened two years in prison, but the Court of Appeal canceled the sentence.

In the USSR, Spock's book came out in 1956 and produced a real revolution

In general, maternal education affected the "adult life" of Dr. Spock. "I never kissed my sons," he said. And the children apparently suffered very much. Junior, John, admitted that he felt abandoned. Senior, Michael, was also not delighted with paternal pedagogy: "Our Ben has always thought of extreme categories. He had everything or only bad, or only good ... And if I did something wrong, he could always feel to fully feel how disapproving the father treats my act. "

Relations did not have a relationship with the mother of his children - Jane. According to the testimony of people close to the family of pits, she was his first assistant in the preparation of the book, but all the time he felt undervalued. The spiritual discomfort broke into alcoholism Jane, which destroyed the marriage finally. In 1975, the spouses divorced, and soon Mary Morgan became a companion - a woman for 40 years younger than him.

A scary blow occurred in 1983, when at the age of 22, Peter's grandson was committed with himself, and all family members seemed like the doctor blames them in the fact that they did not pay attention to the depression that pushed the guy to a flexible step. About how Benjamin Spock was experiencing what happened, one can judge by him: "Work, career we need to push into the background so that things were not for us above all so that you do not take so much time, depriving the opportunity to communicate with your family ..."

Dr. Spock ran for the presidency of the United States in 1972

Benjamin Spock died in his house in San Diego, moved shortly before the death of a heart attack, stroke and six heavy pneumonia. He was offered hospitalization, but Mary, knowing that her husband would not live outside the house and did not agree to this. Medical care bills at home reached 16 thousand dollars per month. Taking into account the fact that the annual family budget was about 100 thousand dollars, such accounts were not possible. Therefore, Mary Morgan turned to friends and acquaintances. When the press reported this, the name of Benjamin Spoka went writing and remittances.

"I hate the atmosphere of state funeral with all the soul," wrote the doctor in his memoirs of Spock about Spock. "I hate a darkened room, people with elongated persons who are silent, whipping or tough nose, assistants of the manager, unsuccessfully trying to portray the sorrow ... My ideal is the Negro Funeral in the spirit of New Orleans, when friends go, dancing, snake under the sounds of jazz-gang."