Food rate for child 1 year. Motor development of a child. Cognition through imitation and active participation

your child

Power and baby care

Sleep and security

Educational games

Develop coordination and vision

Game 1. "Making Beads"

The game is aimed at the development of coordination of movements of both hands, as well as the improvement of visual and motor coordination.

You need

10 large beads (wheels from a pyramid or any other parts with through hole), a thick fishing line or wire, an opaque package.

Plan games

1. Fold the beads into the package and sit next to the child, putting a package behind yourself. 2. Show the baby fishing line, get one of the beads and slowly slide it on the line. 3. Remove the second bead from the package and offer the child to do the same. 4. When all beads are on the fishing line, make the ends knot and put on the neck of the child. Express your admiration to the resulting decoration.

Parents on a note

1. If the child likes the game, you can gradually reduce the size of beads for the development of hands dexterity. 2. Do not leave the baby unattended with ready beads so that he does not harm himself, trying to wear or remove them. The game was prepared by Maria Baulina - Neuropsychologist, a candidate of psychological sciences, a specialist in childhood neuropsychology and the problems of the development of the psychological functions of the child.

Development: Watching the kid

Behind the first birthday of the baby. In just 12 months of Kroch from the helpless convolution, which was brought from the maternity hospital, turned into a completely independent person with his character and habits.

During this period, children grow and gain weight uneven, approximately 100-300 g and 1.0-1.2 cm per month. By one and a half years, the boys weigh 9.8-12.2 kg with an increase of 79.6-85.0 cm, corresponding indicators for girls: 9.1-11.6 kg and 77.8-83.6 cm *. The proportions of the children's body are changing: the handles and legs gradually become longer, the stomach becomes more flat. All children are different: high and not very, chubby and thin. The main indicator of the physical health of the child at this age is not the number of pound kilograms and centimeters, but a stable development.

At the age of one year, most children are confidently moving around the house, keeping behind the support, many begin to walk on their own. By one and a half years, the kids will start running and even playing "Football": roll the ball, kick his legs and throw ahead or up.

The child continues to explore the world around the world with interest, especially now, when there are more opportunities for this. It can climb on previously inaccessible vertices with a chair or chair.

Games with objects are becoming more difficult. Now a little experimentator needs to know whether it is possible to divide the subject to composite parts if it is not possible to divide into parts to the toy with your hands, he can throw it on the floor - so she will definitely fall apart in pieces. Disassemble the pyramid from cubes on the part, and then try to collect it again into one of the whole, is one of the favorite things of the kid at this age.

Children's vision and hearing are developing: children are well distinguished by small items and see the distance in the distance. The depth of perception increases - the ability to perceive the objects "volume" and evaluate the distance to them. For the full development of all senses, children need to change their impressions.

To one year, many children have already skillfully imitated speech adults, now this skill continues to improve: the kids are more free to intrusive, actively help their gestures, pronounce almost all the sounds separately, and some of the syllables. The child's vocabulary is growing - that is, the number of those words whose value he understands well. The child of this age is already able to perform complex requests consisting of several stages: "Come to the dad, take a book from him, bring her mom." He knows all family members by name and can find them in the photo.

For a year and a half, the baby actively uses several words to communicate and correctly answers simple questions, pointing to parts of the body, objects and people around. However, a connected and understandable adult person speech is not yet: the kids continue to "burst" in a special childhood, to understand which only loving parents and loved ones are capable of understanding. But to express your emotions by facial expressions and gestures, the baby knows how to perfectly, so that everyone will become clear that it is at the moment your child wants.

* On the basis of data that was provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) experts on the results of a multifoxy research on growth standards (MIER).

Children participated in it, which consisted of the health rules adopted by WHO, for example, such as breastfeeding and maternity failure. To date, MIER results are recognized world standards with which it is possible and necessary to achieve the development of children regardless of their place of residence, the type of feeding and accessories to different ethnic groups and cultures.

Behavior: Understand the baby

One-year-old children are actively striving for independence: they themselves decide where to go and what toy to take. At the same time, the kids try to show independence by entering the wishes and requests of adults. The word "no" during this period can cause a negative reaction from the kid, up to hysterics. You have to mother with dad to be patient and allow the baby to "assert and expand personal boundaries.

New "unpleasant" features in the behavior of kids at this age are often associated with the "first year crisis". Having learned to walk and say (although on his own, special, language), the child is trying to realize his place in the world and no longer feels such an inractive connection with his parents as before. Being selfless is not so easy: the baby wants to get a toy from the shelf, but can not reach it; He wants to say that he does not like these pants, but can not find the words; He wants to run to a slide without his help, but he does not listen and he falls. Whether the child faced with such a discrepancy of their desires and opportunities to be faced with such a discrepancy of their desires and opportunities can suddenly scream or behave aggressively.

Showing "character", children at this age still remain "babies". They still need to feel custody and protect parents to feel safe. Touch and hugs will help to make a mature kid feel parental love and care. Always be ready to support the child: the baby can engage in "construction" or "pointing order" in his box with toys alone, but he needs to know that mom near and immediately comes to help if it is scared or falls.

In order to achieve the desired from adults, in the arsenal of the child gradually accumulates many ways, from smile and hugs, to Hnykanya, shouting and crying. The baby is constantly experimenting, trying to understand how best to attract attention to himself, and what methods of behavior cause a positive reaction at mom and dad. For example, the child quickly understands that in communication with the parents of crying "the case will not help," and the grandmother or grandfather will rather fulfill the request, if it looks loudly.

Closer to one and a half years, children are happy to copy the complex behavior of adults, including the fulfillment of ordinary homework. Although the buzz of a vacuum cleaner can cause anxiousness from the baby (loud sounds at this age begin to associate with danger), he will soon forget about his fear, helping his mother to drive on a carpet. And the washing of dishes is at all will be his cherished dream, because most children adore messy with water.

At this age, most children are not immediately prepared for active socialization. At first they do not like to be in the company of unfamiliar adults or play with other children. The baby actively defends its territory, not wanting to divide the attention of parents and his toys with outsiders. Gradually, Kroch learns to interact with the outside world, showing the features of its nature and behavior. The child will be interested in playing older children who can be imitate. They will take on the role of the leader and on their own example will demonstrate how best to play the company. Communication with peers passes through another scenario: at the beginning of the kids can simply play near, then begin to repeat certain actions with each other. Accustomed, they can exchange toys, or take them away from each other, carefully watching the reaction of the peer.

Food

At this age, it is like to be at a common table in the company Mom and Pope. Try more often to arrange "family" meals: imitating adults, the child learns to use dining devices faster and "adult" with dishes. For the safety and convenience of the baby, be sure to plant it on a special highchair.

The growth rates of children by one and a half years slow down, which can lead to a decrease in appetite and interest in the new food. The taste preferences of your baby can change, about which he will absolutely inform you with gestures and faith. Do not ignore his wishes. If any products and dishes are not to taste at all, try to replace them with others containing the same vitamins and useful substances. Children's preferences in food may change. If in a year the child refused to even try the fish, then in a half fish cutlets can become his beloved delicacy.

By one and a half years, the baby usually gets used to the "adult" power mode, which includes breakfast, lunch, afternoon school and dinner. It is desirable to feed the child at the same time that the gaps between food intakes are about the same.

In the second year of life, children can eat almost any adulthood, however, it is necessary to grind it. Homework can be combined with children's nutrition of industrial production. If possible, continue breastfeeding. Maternal milk helps the kid's digestive system.

Movable children can not be limited in drinking. For thickening thirst, boiled water or fastening tea is perfect. Herbal teas, for example, from fennel or chamomile, soothe and contribute to the normalization of digestion.

To prevent the appearance of allergies, limit the number of natural spices in the baby's food and avoid artificial additives. Cocoa or other chocolate-based drinks include in the child's diet too early. Buns, cookies, yeast dough pies, waffles and ice creams are also not the best treat for children under 18 months. The perfect dessert for a small swelling is a fruit salad refilled by yogurt, or mousse based on semolina with fruits and berries.

Soups and second dishes for one year old children are better to cook for a couple or cook.

Baby care

At this age, children need a great physical activity than before. Give your child the opportunity to crawl, walk, run and jump until it gets tired.

You will have to bathe a baby more often, because he actively explores the world: it's a pleasure to be in a puddle, it tastes the earth and tries to stroke any animal that will fall on his way. Pay attention to the skin condition after bathing. If necessary, use moisturizing agents or means against the Paddle.

While the child learns to walk and run, be prepared for bruises and sysades: go to the plaster with merry "children's" pictures, disinfecting agents and gel from bruises. Do not worry, very soon your baby will learn how to stand firmly on the legs!

Turn hair care in a fun game. Test together with the baby doll. Understanding how to handle the comb, the child will benefit and doll, and dad, and mom. If, it is Mom that is the main children's stylist, click on scissors next to the hair of the doll to prove that it does not hurt at all. A hike in a hairdresser for a boy can be part of a special "male" ritual, because dad should also cut the hair.

Going on a planned inspection to the doctor, prepare a list of questions in advance that you want to get advice: sleep mode, speech development, growth and weight, behavior features, etc.

Training and Communication: We are engaged in the baby

During the period from a year to one and a half years, the kids rapidly expand the boundaries of their world, improving motor skills. Encourage the desire of a child to physical activity and research. Provide him a safe space for games and the ability to transform it yourself. You can use lightweight boxes on wheels, baskets and boxes to storing toys, which can be easily moved or turned over.

Your baby learns to think over your actions to achieve the desired one: for example, use healthy items to climb higher and get an interesting toy. Put the chair in his room, the bench or a small ladder with two steps, so that he can sign themselves to the Domot on which an interesting book is lying or sits a teddy bear.

For the development of the view, the child needs color stimulation. Use multicolored toys and books with pictures, colored details in the interior of the children's room and children's clothing of bright colors. Color vision development also contributes regular walks on the street.

The kid will be happy to collect cubes in the box, trying to give them the right form, and then the sleeping is all on the floor to start the process again.

The game in the "Matryoshka" for a long time to pass the little researcher. Instead of doll mats, you can use cardboard boxes of different sizes. In the smallest box, put the prize - a piece of cookies or grape without bones.

Soft colored pencils or chalks - a great gift for the future artist. The kid will be happy to learn the interesting property of objects - the ability to leave color traces on paper (or clothing and wallpaper).

Old grandfather wallet, unnecessary bundle of keys and mummaging. Handbag can be a rescue for parents on a rainy day. The active baby willingly try to behave "as an adult" and use these "treasures" on purpose: insert the key to the keyhole, check how many departments in the wallet, whether it is fit in the handbag, etc.

Sand is an excellent object for learning. If the weather does not allow to play in the sandbox - it does not matter. Located on the floor to the floor, make plastic sieve and sand. Show the baby that if you raise the sieve at different heights, it is better to see how the sand reflux through the holes. Instead of sand, you can use the ordinary semolina.

Make sure the baby with new words and concepts not only in the game process, but also during food, dressing, bathing and other daily joint action. Trying new dishes and products, describe out loud tastes and smells. Going for a walk, ask the baby, what socks he prefers - blue or red, whether to take a shovel or another toy with him. If you entered the store, clearly pronounce the names of all purchased goods and "advise" with a child, choosing apples or a variety of milk. Lifting up with the baby on the stairs, do not forget to count the steps aloud, and on the walk every time discuss the weather and the phenomena of nature.

Do not be mistaken if classes with a child do not give an instant result. The most important thing is that you and the baby have fun and interesting. A child like a sponge absorbs all the information received and once will surprise mom by saying the word "geese" in the right place, listening to the favorite poem.

Sleep

Full sleep is necessary for the physical and emotional health of the child. The mode and number of daily dreams can be different and depend on the activity of the baby, however, it is important to observe the routine of the day. Approximate sleep mode for kids from year to one and a half years: night sleep - 10-11 hours, first day sleep - about 2-2.5 hours, second day sleep - 1.5 hours *. Children make it easier to sleep in the day and faster in the evening, if you put them at the same time every day, observing a certain ritual. No matter how you wrap your baby before bedtime, at night he will definitely throw off his lobe. Dress on the little firing warm pajamas.

Even if the toddler was tired of the day quickly calmed down and fell asleep in the evening, it does not mean that parents can relax until the morning. At this age, children often wake up at night and cannot fall asleep again without the help of mom or dad. Whatever the way you choose to put the child, do not forget that it should be quite universal. The kid will surely require repeat the next time when he cannot fall asleep. Having received a sip of water and a piece of cookies from Mom, he hardly calms down until he would eat, waking up once again among the nights.

The child feels safe if he knows what to expect. The tireless researcher of all new during the day, in the evening it turns into a conservative bonding, resisting any changes in the usual order of things. Therefore, although one year old children still have fear of darkness, they will not be able to calmly fall asleep in a dark room, if they are accustomed to the night light. If the baby got used to fall asleep under quiet music, then night silence only embarrassing his sleep.

Note:

(*) The above-mentioned norms are averaged, duration and sleep time depends on the toddler temperament. The main criterion of "norms" always remains good well-being of baby, smiles and cheerfulness. If you still have any doubts, consult your pediatrician.

Safety

The house in which the child grows is changing with the baby. Fragile and dangerous items are hidden in hard-to-reach places, doors and drawers in closets and chests can now open adults, and there are no sharp corners in the room where the baby lives and plays.

By the year, children begin to navigate themselves throughout the house. Put special lattice doors, blocking the child's way to a dangerous place - stairs, doors to a chulad or a balcony. Check the handles and valves on the windows: they must be equipped with a protective mechanism so that the child can not open the window independently.

One-year-old children are already able to raise and throw fairly large and heavy items, and by one and a half years, ladies are built from any girlfriend to climb higher. Be sure to check the strength of the boxes and boxes for toys, as well as all major toys.

If you are regularly traveling with a baby by car, take care that the size and type of children's car seat matches the growth and weight of your child.

Time with a small child flies very quickly. Most recently, the baby was a tiny lump, who could not raise his head, nor say any sounds, nor focus his eyes. During the first year, the baby changed dramatically, began to understand a lot, said the first words, made the first steps and continues to know the world around. Let's learn how to determine whether a child is developing normally, as well as how to stimulate the further development of a one-year-old kid.

Physiological changes

• Child by 12 months usually increases the weight with which he was born. Now the rate of weight gain and increase growth compared to the first half of the year are slow down significantly.
• The feet of a one-year-old child is still flat, and they have no arch.If the baby just started to walk on his own, there are still fat pads on his feet. As the walking goes, they disappear, and the feet appears in the feet.
• The average number of teeth, which is available in one year old kids is 8. At the same time, some kids can already be 12 teeth, and others have only 1-2 first tooth. These are all options for the norm that do not require the appeal to the doctor. Consult a pediatrician only in the absence of teeth in 1 year.

Physical development

For the twelfth month of life, the kid is gaining about 350 grams of weight, and its growth is extended by another 1-1.5 centimeter. And the head circumference, and the child's breast circle in this age increases on average by 0.5 centimeters.

Different babies are developing physically at different speeds, but on the basis of indicators in a large number of kids of a certain age category, specialists have established the boundaries of the norm for such indicators. These borders together with average indicators for one year old children we noted in the table:

When hitting furniture items, some parents teach a child to give out. Is it worth doing this, look in the next video of Larisa Sviridova.

What is kid knows how?

• The child 12 months moves very actively and a lot. Most karapusovs for the one-year-old age already know how to walk on their own and constantly improves this skill. Nevertheless, some kids in 1 year still need mother support while walking or in no hurry to start walking, preferring fast movement on all fours.
• Also, a child of one year can already squat And on their own to raise from this position. Crouch confidently rises along the steps and climbs on the sofa.
• In one hand, the kid of one year is able to take 2 small items. Buttons and other tiny items The child takes index and thumb.
• A year old child gets a pyramid and build towers from cubes.
• The child's speech includes about 10-15 ordinary words from 1-2 syllables.One word of the Karapus can have several values. Kroch still does not argue all the letters and can be confused by some syllables.
• The child of 1 year understands the speech of parents.He knows the meaning of the words "it is possible", "you can not", "let", "take", "come" and many others. He also knows the names of people with whom it often communicates. The kid can already answer a simple question.
• Kroch can perform uncomplicated orders,for example, wash vegetables, decompose cutlery, rub dust.
• Baby likes to hide and look for toys, Throw toys, create up the buildings from cubes and destroy them, fill boxes and boxes, and then empty them.
• The twelve-month kid is interested in scene games And knows how to play them. Kroch can put a toy to sleep or feed it.
• Hearing music, the crumb will be tightened And try to singing.
• Kid knows many animals And it can show them both walk and in pictures.
• Kroch knows the method of using different items.
• Long term memory The child is developing - the baby is already able to memorize events a few days ago.
• Child it becomes more independent every day.At the table, it is already controlled with a spoon and drinks himself from the cup. Karapuz already has certain preferences in food - some kind of crumb products do not like at all, and some, on the contrary, the child eats with great pleasure.

To check, in normal the pace develops a child, you should:

• Assessing whether it is able to crawl, stand, keeping your hand, and also do a few steps with your support.
• Make sure the kid uses at least one gesture, for example, negatively turns his head or waves with hand "while".
• Check if the child understands your simple requests, for example, take a toy or give it to you.
• Make sure that in the speech of the child there is a minimum of one meaningful word.
• Check if the baby has at least one tooth or signs of its appearance in the near future.

If, with such an inspection, something alerted you, tell about this pediatrician during a planned inspection per year.

Classes for development

• The main skill over which "works" a year old child is walking. If the baby continues to crawl and is in no hurry to make the first steps, you can attract the crumb to your beloved toy. Some babies are afraid of losing balance, so he can help start walking to the toy in his hands.
• If there is an opportunity, let's crumble beside baosie on the ground, sand or grass.
• For stimulation of large motility, offer a child play with large machine balls and other large-size toys.
• Keep doing with a child development of shallow motility. For example, you can attach clothespins for linen on the edges of the cans from coffee and offer to the child to shoot them. It is still interesting and useful to a child game with beans, cereals, sand, water.
• Also continue speech development Karapuza. Talk a lot with the child so that the baby can learn a large number of new words. Describe everything you do and objects that the baby sees.
• Play with a karapuz,but at the same time let the baby do on its own what he can. Place together different stories with toys, for example, how the bunny is divided with a bear biscuit, the doll bathes in the bath, the mouse invites the bear to visit the bear.
• Include the child the music of different genres, as well as sounds of different items. So you will stimulate the development of hearing.
• Engage with Croha drawing Allowing the Karapuza to output the first doodles with finger paints, small or markers. The baby will also like it to create, using plasticine and salty dough.
• Walk with baby in the sandboxby offering playing with a scope, molds, sieve, robberies.
• On a sunny day, pay attention to the crumbs on Your shadows. Offer to step on your shadow.
• Let's the child the opportunity play with other kids. If the crumbs do not have a sister or brother, invite familiar families with preschoolers' kids.
• Make for kid photo album,in which there will be a photo of all close relatives, as well as pictures of animals. Karapuz will consider it for a long time.
• Daily make a little time joint readingwith baby. Check for crumbling children's books with bright illustrations. Let the child choose the child yourself, which book it will "read" today.
• During swimming throw in the bath, small toys capable of swimming, And then give the crumb of Sieve or Schookes, offering to collect floating items in the bucket.

Diverse the day by the occupation according to the method of "Little Leonardo" O. N. Teplyakova - an expert on intellectual development.

Mental development

The development of the mental sphere of the one-year-old kid continues to remain very intense. The child is waiting longer and is able to concentrate on an interesting game with mom within a few minutes. That is why all the developing classes should be carried out only in the form of the game.

On the basis of communication with Mom, the crumbs for the first day of birth is formed confidence or distrust of the world, which surrounds it. If this communication experience is positive, the baby will feel safe, and will also project positive emotions for the world around.

In the second year of life, the child actively continues sensory and cognitive development. The kid learns the properties of objects, their shape, colors. In games, parents should constantly direct the one-year-old karapusion, because without the help and tips from the outside the actions of the crumbs will remain monotonous. Conducting uncomplicated classes with kids for 1 year, parents help the Karapuza compare and distinguish between items, develop the memory, master the domestic skills.

To assess the mental development of a child in 1 year, you can use such tests:

• Give the baby 2 cubes and show how to build a tower. The child will not throw cubes or drag them in the mouth, but will put one on another. By 18 months, the baby will already be able to apply for the construction of the tower 3-4 cube.
• Offer a crumble toy in which you need to invest geometric shapes (liner or sorter). Annual baby must put a circle into a hole for him.
• Give Karapuz a pyramid, offering her to collect. The kid at 1-1.5 years will try to ride the rings, but it will not take into account their size. Properly fold the pyramid, taking into account the size of the rings, the kids are trained only for 2 years.
• Evaluate the existence of life skills. Karapuz 12-15 months is already able to properly use a spoon and a cup. In 1.5 years, the child is able to remove socks, cap and mittens.

Play with the clock and build with him the towers from different figures, explain why the tower falls

Motorika

In order to evaluate gross motor crumbs to find out if the baby is able to walk for a long time, whether learned to bend and squat, if able to get up from his knees and climb up on the sofa. Exercises developing large motility will include:

• Jumping. Keep the karapuz under the mouse or hands and let the crumb jumping in place.
• Separation on the sofa and lowering back to the floor. For this purpose, you can attract Karapuz to your favorite toy.
• Lazain. Inconsider the crumbs in the chair, climb into a large box and get out of it.
• Studying. Spagrating different items on the floor, take a walk around the room with a karapuz, holding a child by hand. When the crumb will approach the obstacle, show that you first need to lift one leg and step over the object, and then make the same step to the second foot.
• Games with a ball. Learn the baby to throw the ball on the floor, at the same time, first give the ball to the crumb in your hands, and then put the baby to take the ball himself. Next, learn to catch the ball. To develop the eye meter, you can throw the ball into the box.

To develop chalk, a motility of a one-year-old child, you can:

• Draw pencils. First hold the knob of the crumbs with a pencil and just leave the traces on paper. Try to interest the baby drawing.
• Draw with paints. Give the baby dry brushes and show how to leave the strokes, and then proceed to master the paint drawing.
• Sculpt from plasticine. Shot the ball and show the baby, as you can make a cake from it, then offer the karapauz to repeat.
• Stick in plasticine pebbles, buttons, tubes.
• Sculpt from salt dough.
• Print stickers on yourself or on a sheet.
• Draw with finger paints.
• Play with lacing.
• Sharp threads on the ball.
• Play with water, cereal or sand, using a sieve and spoon.
• Spin and unscrew the lids.
• Play with sorter and liner frames.
• Learn to cope with hooks, velcro, buttons, buttons.
• Play with clothespins.
• Touch the touch box.

Detergery

In the second year of life, the formation of a kid speech, as well as its rapid improvement. First, the crumb begins to understand the question, and then at a high pace replenishes the vocabulary and the stage of active speech begins. At the same time there is enrichment of the facial expressions and gesturing speech of Karapuz. In one year, one word kid may designate a whole phrase.

To stimulate the speech development of a one-year-old child, you can:

• Consider pictures in books, voicing the drawn and asking the child simple questions about the drawing, for example, "Where is the dog?".
• Read with cloths and fun, short fairy tales and rhymes, as well as sing songs.
• Perform articulation gymnastics.
• Doing gymnastics and massage of fingers.
• To tell the crumb about everything that the Karapuza is able to interest - about nature, animals, the time of year, houses and many other things.

Finger games will help the development of crumbs. Look at the video of Tatiana Lazareva, where it shows how to play with a child of 1 year.

Sample plan for the development of a one-year-old child

The classes do not bother the crumb, did not repeat and included all the important directions of development, it is worth planning their in advance for one week. This will allow the mother to cover all areas of the development of Karapuz and prepare materials for educational games in advance.

We offer an example of a weekly routine of developing classes for a child aged 1-1.5 years:

This is just an approximate plan that should be changed for each particular child. Be sure to include in your weekly classes, which like the baby. At the end of the week, make an analysis performed on the basis of which you can add any classes or reduce the list of games for the day.

Toys from 1 to 2 years

Toys help crumbling and physical, and emotional sphere. With their help, the child will know the world, studies the surrounding environment, develops imagination, becomes initiative and recognizes causal relationships.

About what toys are worth buying for crumbs 1-2 years later, see Anna Gapchenko's video.

Among the child's toys 1-2 years must be:

• Cubes.
• Sorted with multiple uncomplicated holes.
• Pyramid with 3-4 rings.
• Cups square and round.
• Boxes of different sizes.
• Toys for the street - blade, molds, car with body, bucket.
• Toys that pull or pushed.
• Soft toys who kid can lay sleep, feed.
• Toys for playing with water.
• Plastic dishes.
• Toy telephone.
• Toys imitating household items.
• Musical toys.
• Cardboard or fabric books.

And a few more tips for toys for a one-year-old child:

• Do not give the baby at once a large number of items for the game. They quickly will get bored with Karapuz and cause fatigue. Part of the toys set aside into the distant box or hide, and after a while, replace those who have been tired of the child who is slightly tired missing toys.
• Visiting familiar with children, pay attention to what toys are most interested in Karapuz. It will give you the opportunity to replenish your stock toys with objects that the crumble will surely play.
• Many children like to play it from everybody (covers from a saucepan, sheets, mirror and others). Do not prohibit, but make sure that such games are safe.

Games with cereals are among the most beloved of the crumbs. How to conduct such classes, see the next video.

Care

Hygienic procedures perform an important element of the daily routine in the life of a one-year-old Karapus. In the morning, the child was wash and washed. It is also important to clean the teeth and be sure to wash the handles before eating and after walking. Before bedtime, the crumb is traditionally bathing, combining this water procedure with merry games in water.

Daily regime

By the year, all children have a certain routine of the day, replaced by 12 months of life several times. Its maintenance is important for good toddler well-being. The main points of the child's day of 12 months are the organization of sleep and wakefulness, as well as nutrition.

Sleep

Children 1 year awake more, but still sleep about 14-15 hours a day. Night holiday on average lasts 10-11 hours, and in the afternoon, the child sleeps 12 months twice. At the same time, the first day sleep usually lasts longer (2-2.5 hours), and the second is less long (1.5 hours). To one day sleep, children begin to move around 18 months.

Wake up

In a 12-month-old child mode there are active and quiet games, gymnastic exercises, reading books, walks, visits to visit and much more. In the first half of the day, active games are only welcome, and in the evening they should be avoided. Gymnastics with a child must be performed an hour before meals.

Walk

Walking with a one year old advise 2 times a day, and in good weather, at least one of the day dreams should be organized on a walk. It is recommended to go out with a crumb on the street in the morning of 10-11 hours, and in the afternoon - at 16-17 hours. The duration of walks should be from 2 hours and more. Weight conditions will be influenced on it, for example, in warm summer days, the baby may well spend on a walk of 5-6 hours. If the outside of the frost is below -10, heavy rain or very windy, it is worth refraining from the walk.

Food

The child of 1 year is still eating 5 times a day with pauses between food meals 3.5-4 hours. It is recommended to stick to the power mode by offering the baby to the food approximately at one time, as well as not allowing long interruptions. It is possible to determine the total daily amount of food for a one-year-old baby, dividing the body weight by 9. On average, the children of this age are eaten 1000-1300 ml of food. Sharing this volume by the number of feedings, you will receive an average amount of serving in 200-260 ml.

P italian baby on breastfeeding includes more and more feeding dishes. The baby is applied to the chest mostly near the dreams, during the day (for example, if he fell) and after eating (putting the lure). At night, active sweatings are preserved, which are in 4-8 in the morning.

Children on artificial feeding can be continued to feed the adapted mixture, Offering it in two feedings (first and in front of the night bed). If necessary, the mixture can already be canceled, offering for breakfast crumbs porridge and replacing the mixture before bedtime with a sour milk drink.

Spice, greens, salt, some kinds of sweets appear in the meal of the one-year-old child. These children are still too early to get acquainted with fried foods, sausages, smoked meats, fatty meats, exotic fruits, mushrooms and chocolate.

Calculate your dust introduction table

All newly-made mothers know that in the first six months the only food that is perfect to the baby is breast milk. Food in the second half of the life of the baby, that is, the moment of the administration of the feeding is also described very in detail in the benefits and collections of recommendations for young mothers. Also excellent familiar with the exemplary menu of moms feed, boys and girls older than 3 years old. And what do children eat from 1 year to 3 years? Where to find recommendations for this age group? "Lost" years, about which everyone forgot, is very important for the growth and development of kids. It's time to pay attention to them!

By age of one year and kids and mothers, the concept of "food interest" is already known. The child stretches to the banana on the table, to bread in the breadpie and to everything that is in the mother's plate. In our time, the term "pedagogical luch" is fashionable. Pedagogical lore is the method of entering the attachment not according to the well-known Pediatric scheme, but a method that gives the child the opportunity to try all products from the parent plate. Naturally, provided that parents feed on proper and healthy food, and not sausages with ketchup. From the age of a little older than a year, the child is already time to gradually translate to the "common table", but the main question is still not at the age of the baby, but in what the table will be fed. At this time, the child gradually gets used to that food that he will be in the future, but the transition from the "power of the first year of life" to the "adult nutrition" should be organized correctly, with preservation and even an increase (after all, your baby is actively growing) the number of consumed Vitamins, minerals and trace elements. All the same set of products that you offer the baby during the day should satisfy its need for proteins, fats and carbohydrates, as well as to be completely safe for the baby, otherwise in this transition is more harm than good. For many parents, this period of growth of the baby is a good reason in order to revise their diet and abandon the fried, greasy and acute. Thus, you have a chance to catch two hares at once: it will be easier for you to translate a child to a common table with you, and you will begin to eat healthy and useful food with your bonus! In addition, if it is impossible for any reasons for breastfeeding after a year, it is worth leaving in the diet of a child specialized children's mixtures for children over 12 months. They are not only an important component of the menu - a dairy product, but also provide a diet of a child with a balanced amount of vitamins and minerals. You should not rush out of extreme to extreme, when moving to "adult food" the balance between those products, to which the child is already accustomed to, and note that in its diet, notice that aged 1 to 3 years old, the child must receive A sufficient amount of fats, but, which is very important, the right fats. Reduce their number in the kid's diet is simply impossible, fats are necessary for the correct development and growth of the body. It's all about the way - ease of vegetable fats should be used, for example, olive or sunflower oil, and not heavy as fat. It is useful to a child and a fish that contains easy for assimilation and very useful fats. The most important thing is that it is worth remembering is that the child's nutrition from 1 year to 3 years should be not only diverse, but also, of course, delicious.

How much baby should eat

In the first year of life, the child is more actively addressed in weight and growth and eats 6-8 times a day. In the second year, the growth rate of the kid slightly slows down, the number of food meals per day is reduced, but the portions increase. And it is at this moment that many moms have a question - so how many times should my child eat once a day? Pediatricians together with nutritionists, taking into account the latest studies of the diet of Russian children, consider the optimal figure five: in this number of food meals include three main - breakfast, lunch and dinner, and two extra - afternoon school and the so-called Kefir since Soviet times before bedtime . They can serve as a yogurt, a specialized milk mixture or kefir itself (but only a special, adapted for baby food). The only thing that the doctors are unanimous - it categorically should not be the usual cow's milk. By the way, all milk and fermented products in the diet of the child of this age should be at least 500 ml per day. While the cottage cheese, who has not reached 3 years per day, you can not more than 50 g, and the yogurt is not more than 150-200 g (the burden of kidney burdens will be too large).

But what doctors really do not recommend, so it is snacks. Small cookies, banana or rabble not only spoil appetite, but can bring to the teeth. In addition, in such a situation, moms are difficult to control the nutrition of the child, because even after one cracker, the baby can simply refuse lunch! But that's not all. Food based snacks get unbalanced, and because of this child often suffers from deficiency of certain vitamins (usually iron) and minerals.

Harmful nutrition

Fast food and semi-finished products also include strict medical prohibitions. Of course, all moms know about it. But when the child turns a year, or even two whole, many are beginning to think that he was so big, that one slice of ravioli or fries does not harm him. And this is a huge mistake! Fast Food, semi-finished products and carbonated drinks - these are three categorical "no" for children under the age of 3 years. In semi-finished products, such as sausages and dumplings, contains a huge number of animal fats, sufficiently heavy for the child not yet faster than the gastrointestinal tract, and the soda, besides the blown of the abdomen and gases, as well as the tremendous harm for teeth, also flushes out of the body To strengthen the bones of calcium. Fast food, to which, by the way, applies not only to the products of fast food enterprises, but also banal chips, crackers and pop-roots, is distinguished by very high calorie content, the content of a large amount of sugar and fats. All this causes problems not only with the stomach, but also in the future with cardiovascular and endocrine systems of the body, and, of course, obesity. That is why from these products it is necessary to abandon all 100% and better not only to three, and even up to five years, ideally will be perfect if in the diet of the child the above prohibited products will be absent at all.

If you really want to give a baby dumplings - make them yourself, along with the baby! Only in this case will you know exactly what the product you give your child is made in compliance with all sanitary standards, from high-quality meat minced meat and home test. There is no harm in such dumplings.

How to teach chew

Whatever is said you experienced mothers of the older generation, no matter what information about the latest research in this area, you will not read in the Internet, and the process of transition from a puree food to individual pieces for each child. And you always need to remember. The kid learns to chew when he is ready for this. Mom's task - just not to slow down, but also not forcing events. Both in one and in another case, a psychological blockade may occur. If you offer a big piece of the child too early - there is a chance that it will be suppressed, and will subsequently be afraid to chew pieces. If you delay with this process, you can get into the situation when the child will just be lazy, because there is a puree much more convenient and more familiar. Please note that speaking about entering a child's diet with "pieces" we do not mean a complete refusal of homogenized dishes. The nutritionists have long been proven that the upper age boundary of the use of masculine (including the cannon power) is simply not. You can enjoy fruit puree and in 2 years, and at 20, and in 50 years. What are they generally introduced "pieces"? The thing is that after a year, the child must gradually learn to chew, it enters the process of addictive to food, which he will use in the future all his life. But manufacturers of baby food and then managed to "hurry up" - they come up with specific jars and porridge with fruit pieces, for those kids who had just learn to chew. If you categorically accept the cannut food, then for the beginning, just dispel the usual food fork, it is the first step of addictive to adult food. It is useful to give the child to try adult garnish: boiled rice, buckwheat, because, in fact, it is just very small pieces. And it is worth remembering that the chewing skill does not all do not depend on whether you give or do not give a baby to your puree. It is based on nutrition with pieces! Therefore, it is best to give the kid two of these types of food in parallel. Mothers also important to remember that it is due to the fact that today's children eat little solid food, a little bite, chew, and so on, most of them subsequently observed hypoplasia of the teeth-jaw system, and to put it simply, and other malocclusion Orthodontic problems.

Children's Kashi.

We affect another controversial moment in the nutrition of kids: homemade porridge against porridge packaged. There are quite a few supporters of both one and other types of food. And those and others in their preferences will be right, it will be necessary to solve this question yourself. It is worth paying attention to two things: the composition of the packaged porridge and the storage conditions of the casual. As for the composition of children's cereal - there is no secret, all the ingredients are listed on the package, you have the right to know than feed your own child. And now, the most interesting thing is in any store you can see that ordinary porridge is stored in simple cardboard boxes, which means that they are also transported. There is no guarantee that over time, until the porridge "rides" from the factory to the shelves in your closet, there is no time to settle some kind of not very beneficial bacteria that can cause infection. Specialized children's cereals are manufactured to the highest safety standards and are stored in a vacuum until the very moment when you open the box and cut the bag with your own scissors. Of course, in the process of cooking the usual cereal, which takes an average of 20-25 minutes all the germs die, but together with them will perish, and the nutrients that are in the rump. And now, porridge is not obligatory to use, containing vitamins and microelements, and just food, no more useful sandwich with sausage. So for the nutrition of children from one year to 3 years old, it is still better to use specialized children's cereal. Baby food manufacturers are always testing a cereal for such a porridge and at the same time use very high quality standards. Particular attention is usually drawn to everything that concerns heavy metals or bacterial infection. So, using packaged porridge for baby food, you can be sure of their security. And let it not be afraid of the presence of such a porridge in the kid's diet. After all, they not only provide a child with a complex of vitamins, but also a tasty and tight breakfast! And this is, as you know, a guarantee of good mood for the whole day.

In semi-finished products, such as sausages and dumplings, contains a huge number of animal fats, sufficiently heavy for the child not yet faster than the gastrointestinal tract, and the soda, besides the blown of the abdomen and gases, as well as the tremendous harm for teeth, also flushes out of the body To strengthen the bones of calcium.

Semi-finished products: Dumplings, Potatoes Friend, any fast food. Carbonated drinks, sausages, sausages, coffee and cocoa, chocolate, candy, smoked, pickled products and pickles, mushrooms, fried foods, margarine.

It is better that these products are not in the diet of the child from 1 year to 3 years:

Feeded cookies, crackers, ice cream, black ground pepper, salt, sugar.

What food is important for a child in 1 - 2-3 years?

You can and need to be pretended in the diet of the child from 1 year

Vegetables: Tomatoes, cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkin, carrots, potatoes, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, radishes, dill.
Fruits and berries: Apples, bananas, peaches, pears, oranges.
Meat: Veal, beef, chicken, turkey, rabbit.
A fish: Crack, Sudak, Gorbow, Mintai.
Dairy / fermented products: Cottage cheese, fermented milk drinks, specialized milk mixtures (if breastfeeding is not supported after 1 year).
Grass products: Porridge (oatmeal, buckwheat, rice, millet, corn, wheat), bread.

Child diet from 1 year to 3 years - video

Child food after year

Nutrition children from year. Healthy child menu

Consolidating the first birthday of his child, parents begin to think about how time flies rapidly. And many of them come to mind the idea that the precious moments can not be overlooked. The fact that mom and dad will not give their baby at an early age, in the future it will be very difficult to catch up, and sometimes it is impossible. But how to develop a child in 1 year? What needs to do at this age so that the kid grew not only smart, but also happy and carefree? How to preserve harmony and not to pass the stick in the early development of the child? Let's try to figure it out in this complex and important matter.

Psychological Features of Children of the Second Year of Life

After a year, the baby is no longer that peacefully sleeping (or constantly crying) bundle in the crib. The child over the first twelve months of life mastered a huge number of skills, but there is even more discoveries ahead. Excellent assistants will have various developing classes for children of 1 year.

At this age, the kids along with independence and irrepressible burden to continuously study their surroundings are fears and doubts. It is very important that the parents help to deal with the first difficulties of their child, it will help him not be afraid to make new discoveries, and therefore the answer to the question of how to develop a child in 1 year, will come by itself. The kids are very wise, in them the real thirst for knowledge is laid in them. They try to imitate parents in all, and this feature is an excellent opportunity to move the baby to master the new one.

Physiology of children 1-2 years

Subject to the right development by the year, the baby is already starting to walk on its own. To the great amazement of his parents, a month after the first steps, he already quite confidently walks without any assistance, and another two - begins to run. Growth rates during this period are somewhat slowed down, the body spends huge resources to develop all the kid systems. Including his dexterity, coordination of movements. Sports can contribute to this:

• games with a ball;
• classes in the sports complex or;
• charging and simple gymnastic exercises;
• swimming in a large bathroom or pool.

At this age it is very important not to limit the physical activity of the child. Walking in the fresh air - in the park and on special playgrounds - the excellent opportunity to give the baby to the ride and show your research spirit. And how to develop a child in 1 year, if not by communicating with the outside world?

Early child development

Around this topic huge the number of myths and legends. Opponents and supporters of early development have diametrically opposite points of view. Some believe that the child must learn everything himself when comes the right time. Others are sincerely believe that with the baby you can and you need to study training hardly from birth (in support of this theory of teachers create special doedactic materials for their small wards, developing games for children from 1 year).

Scientists in their opinion are unambiguous: the child is a blank sheet of paper. Until 4-5 years, his brain is able to remember and assimilate huge amounts of information, so why not take advantage of this, and along with the knowledge necessary for self-service, do not help the child quickly master speech, do not teach it to distinguish between colors, figures and animals?

School Montessori.

One of the most popular destinations in the early pedagogy is the Montessori system, which teaches parents to how to develop a child in 1 year. Created by Italian Maria Montessori in the first half of the 20th century, this system found supporters in many countries. What is it? Initially, Maria Montessori was engaged in children who had various lag in development. Over time, its methods began to apply for upbringing absolutely healthy children.

In this technique, teachers and psychologists teach the baby to make decisions to be independent in their judgments and actions, but at the same time obey the generally accepted rules and norms. It is noteworthy that toys as such in groups where children are engaged in this system, no. There it is impossible to find the typewriter, a gun or a doll, on the contrary, children are engaged and learn. Help them developing toys for children 1-2 years old:

• cubes;
• pyramids;
• sorters;
• puzzles;
• musical instruments.

Classes on the Montessori system involve the development of self-service, that is, the baby must learn to play independently, to eat, drink. If parents and homes are systematically adhere to these principles, the child grows by a self-sufficient personality, which, from childhood, vaccinated the norms of communication in society. Such a kid is able to cope with conflict situations and with dignity to leave them.

In Moscow, they also created special developing centers for children from 1 year, based on Montessori pedagogy: "Stairs", "Montessori-Garden", "Early Development Club" on ul. Trofimova and many others.

Do you need to torment the baby?

The early development of the child is the difficult process for both the baby and for his parents. By choosing one tactics of behavior by creating certain rules and norms, you should not succumb to the temptation and go away from the specified course.

When parents decide for themselves an important question regarding the future of their Chad: "We develop a child at home, 1 year is the right age," it is very important that mom and dad together do with him. In no case can not be launched a stick, otherwise you can achieve the opposite effect - the child will clict in himself. At this age, a small person will know many things through the prism of comparison, imitation and only in a game form. Therefore, even educational games for children of 1-2 years should be interesting for the baby.

During independent sessions, it is not worth a child; If he is not interested, he feels bad or busy with others, important things for him - it is necessary to give him to play a chance. Training only then will bring fruit when it will occur in the atmosphere of a mutual location and a student (child), and his teacher (mothers). Then the process will bring pleasure and, of course, the result that will not make himself wait long! Many parents confuse the question regarding whether it is possible to watch cartoons at such age? As practice shows, it is almost impossible to protect the child from the goods of modern civilization, but if you go to the question with the mind, give the baby the opportunity to watch developing cartoons for children for children 1-3 years old, but not long and it is those that are suitable by age, nothing terrible will happen .

What will you play?

After a year, children begin to perform the first steps in their socialization. They learn to play with mom, brother or sister. The older kid, the wider his circle of communication becomes. He appears new friends on the playground, he gladly considers them, listening and trying not to just watch the game of other children, but also to participate in the process.

During this period, educational games for children from 1 year can be diversified. It is very important to give the child the opportunity to develop a motorcycle, for this you can create a few simple classes (under the supervision of parents!):

• Sorting various trifles - for this you can take large beads, natural material (chestnuts, nuts), pumps. They may be of different colors or textures, the child must decompose objects on individual trays or cells.
• Transfusion, Spearing is a very important aspect in the development of the child. The game with water, kinetic sand, croups - it is exciting and useful, develops the perfection and
• Drawing - you should not expect that the child will create a masterpiece, but the process itself will bring pleasure to him and parents. You can draw as you like - chalk, pencils, paints (finger, gouache, watercolor).

Such developing classes for children of 1 year will help show the child to the difference between great and small, he will learn to recognize his tactile sensations, it also contributes to speech development.

Do not forget about moving games. You can learn how to make simple physical exercises: show him how to squine, walk in place, play with balls of different sizes.

What to play?

Often parents are looking for an ideal toy lose and buy everything in a row. Provide such freedom to choose the baby is inappropriate. By virtue of his age, he is not yet able to make it and dwell on something one, especially independently. Developing toys for children from 1 year must be at home, but their conformity of age and the level of development, as well as the preferences of the child himself - a prerequisite condition. What can offer:

• cubes, constructor "Town";
• various pyramids;
• wooden puzzles, liner frames;
• sorsers of different modifications - with geometric shapes, animals, fruits and vegetables;
• designer with large elements;
• large mosaic (plastic, magnetic or wooden);
• dolls, puffs;
• reliable cars, including pushers.

Sometimes a useful idea of \u200b\u200bwhat to play parents and baby is served developing cartoons for children from 1 year. Their characters, as well as the unobtrusive form of learning help the child understand what you need to do with toys.

Learn to talk

In the year, many kids have a sufficient supply of words, which makes it possible to maintain communication with mom. He knows who is who in his surroundings can ask to eat, drink, express approval or displeasure. The entire subsequent year, the iconic - the vocabulary of the child will grow not by day, but by the hour, in many respects it depends on the parents themselves. You need to talk with the child, comment on all the processes, but do it affordable and simple.

Large assistants in this have educational cartoons for children from 1 year with short songs and poems. Their simple rhymes and simple words are easily perceived by rumor, and the combination of sound and image allows the child to learn the names of the characters and their actions faster.

The book is the best friend from the first days of life!

Attach love for reading a very small child is much easier than at an older age. Modern publishers printed magnificent literature for young children. Dense cardboard pages, large drawings with a clear image and without small parts - the requirements that should be answered for the baby. Well, the list of authors is very extensive:

• Elena Blaginina.
• Boris Sadded.
• Chukov's roots.
• Agnia Barto and many other wonderful children's writers.

Developing cartoons for kids

As mentioned above, watching cartoons in such an early age is possible only in limited quantities. In order for cartoons not to become for the child only pleasure, but also benefited, they need to be selected with the mind. In modern steel, their huge amount for every taste and age, but what kind of developing cartoons for children for 1-3 years will really be useful?

Among the most popular there are short stories: "Truck Lev", "Tetushka Owl", "Cherepakh aha-aha", "Tini Love". In addition, the cartoons that help teach letters, colors, figures, animals and names of items will be useful.

Create!

At the time when the baby learned to sit, an amazing world opened before him. He was able to look at his environment at his new angle, even more interesting to the child became when he went. Mom needs to constantly look for new sources of knowledge for their Chad, and creativity is a great help for this.

With a child of early age, you can also draw, engage in laying, do appliques and collect the designer, teach it to form images from mosaic and to encourage its creative gusts in every way.

Developing centers for children from 1 year practice similar classes. Among those recognized by mothers there are: "Rainbow", "Mosaic", "Murai". It is very important that a large amount of material for quite unfeasured kids has been created now - this is non-toxic kinetic sand, safe plasticine. Very many groups for development are practicing salted dough laying, tinted with food dyes.

Death into the masses

Yes, yes, the harmonious development of the kid is impossible without communication. By closing the child in the apartment, limiting his communication, it is impossible to expect great achievements from him. Of course, you can independently achieve intellectual development, the child simply will not remain anything else, how to deal with the fact that parents offer him.

However, the process of knowledge is much rapidly and naturally happens when the child is in society. So he will be able to draw something useful not only from hot favorite parents, but also from relatives, other children on the courts, in game rooms and early development centers.

Childhood is a holiday!

Grinding the Wunderkind and Future Genius, parents must remember that they are primarily doing this for themselves. A child, and especially at such a small age, does not need world recognition, he does not need to know the alphabet and multiplication table. No matter how much I wanted my mother and dad, so that their baby succeeded in life, it is unlikely that he will succeed without happy, carefree and cloudless childhood.

Up to 12 months, the child is in close emotional communications with his mother and perceives himself as part of it. And a year he becomes more autonomous, his identity begins to form. During this period, the child takes the first internal conflict: on the one hand, he is accustomed to the fact that Mom is always with him next to him and fulfills all his desires, but at the same time he wants independence. When he doesn't work out, he can start to capricious, cry and be angry. Parents need to support the baby in him, competently adjusting his behavior.

What is a child in 1 year?

One-year-old baby is capable of:

• sell \u200b\u200balone light words and imitate sounds;
• walk without support;
• bite and chew solid food;
• collect the pyramid, build several shapes from cubes;
• do cakes, roll sausages from plastic material;
• comment on what is busy;
• use a cup and spoon.

A child in one year has clearly pronounced interests, loved and unloved classes. He behaves differently with different people and shows independence in choosing and actions, and also actively expresses emotions, including negative.