Divorce statistics in russia. Divorces of married couples in Russia - the whole truth How many marriages were there in a year

Ekaterina Kozhevnikova

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Russia is a country of traditional ideas, where the values ​​of the modern developed world take root slowly and with difficulty. This is especially true of the main achievement of advanced civilizations ─ freedom. But despite this, the citizens of the Russian Federation accepted the facilitation of the divorce procedure without resistance and use the opportunity to divorce at any time very widely. Divorce statistics in Russia have a steadily increasing trend from year to year, which is largely facilitated by the tolerant attitude of society towards the very fact of divorce: the status of a divorced person does not affect his position in society, his career, and the respect of others.

In the USSR, restrictions were imposed by membership in the CPSU, now this factor has been eliminated in the Russian Federation. Even the leading politicians of the country, mostly men, do not experience any difficulties in their careers in the event of a change in marital status.

Statistical patterns of divorce

Currently, according to demographers' estimates, 50% of families in Russia are destroyed. There has been a huge increase in divorce rates over the past decade, with only a third of marriages being divorced recently. The ratio of the number of divorces in accordance with the length of family life is stable.

• Divorces in families that have existed for less than a year are observed in 3.6% of the total;
• 1-2 years ─ 16%;
• 3-4 years ─ 18%;
• 5-9 years ─ 28%;
• 10-19 years ─ 22%;
• 20 years or more ─ 12.4%.

In the first 4 years after marriage, about 40% of divorces are registered, within 9 years - about 65%. The overwhelming majority of partings occur in the 18-35 age range, increasing steeply when people reach 25 years of age.

It should be noted that in Russia the statistics of marriages indicate an increased age threshold for people starting a family for the first time, at least in the educated strata of society. But at the same time, men and women who registered a relationship after 30 create marriages that are half as long as younger spouses.

Studies that identify and generalize the main factors of family breakdown rank them differently. However, their lion's share is due to four factors. The main reasons for divorce in Russia:

• Alcohol abuse, drug addiction of one of the spouses. The study authors write about 31-42% of women who decided to divorce for this reason. The proportion of men who could not stand their wife's drunkenness reaches 23%.
• Psychological unwillingness to create a family and married life. This reason for separation, which former spouses often take for incompatibility, is indicated by up to 41% of those surveyed. The spouses' unpreparedness for marriage, both psychological and practical, entails secondary reasons for parting: rough treatment, inattention of the husband and wife to each other, lack of spiritual intimacy, unwillingness to share household chores, increased conflict, as well as the inability to cope with household chores ... Among women's complaints, the lack of participation of the husband in the upbringing of children is often indicated. Men (up to 9%) cannot withstand the pressure regarding the financial situation of their families.
• Adultery. Not everyone can cope with painful feelings about the revealed lovers. The statistics of marriages and divorces in Russia show that men are somewhat more tolerant of this phenomenon. A seventh of women do not forgive their husband for an outside relationship. In men, the eighth part indicates the reason for the divorce of the spouse's infidelity. In total, the indicator is 27%.
• Lack of conditions for a separate residence (14%). In this case, the immediate reason for the dissolution of the marriage is domestic problems and the dissatisfaction of one of the spouses with interference in the affairs of the family of relatives. Spouses living independently, if divorced, are less likely to refer to this reason.
• Other circumstances.

Other reasons why a certain number of marriages in Russia break up make up an insignificant percentage for each individually (0.1 - 1.5), but together they occupy a certain segment. These include:

1. Jealousy.
2. Dissatisfaction with sex life.
3. Serving imprisonment by one of the spouses.
4. Severe illness of a partner.

In the available materials, attention is drawn to the large scatter of data (0.2-9) regarding the impossibility of conception as a reason for the separation of spouses. Intuitively, it seems that this reason is significant enough, and the upper limit of the range is closer to the truth.

Dynamics of marriage and divorce

The statistics of marriages and divorces testifies to the prevalence of the former, but the difference between them is decreasing. Comparison of Rosstat data for the first quarter of 2013 and 2014 shows:

Regional data on divorces are interesting. The largest number of broken up families live in the Leningrad and Magadan regions: there are 772 broken up families for every 1,000 new families.

There are fewer divorced men and women in the autonomous regions. Data for the Volga Federal District indicate a greater stability of families in Mari El, Mordovia, Chuvashia, Udmurtia in comparison with other regions, but the percentage of divorces is still above 50.

Improve the picture of the Republic of the North Caucasus:

• Chechnya ─ 14.2%;
• Ingushetia ─ 18.2%;
• Dagestan ─ 25.1%.

In these areas, the divorce rate can also indicate a better family environment. At first glance, the Muslim factor affects, but this possible reason is contradicted by the fact that in Tatarstan, for example, divorces make up a high 64.5%. Rather, it is the poor economic development of the area and the subordination of women that matters.

Across the developed world, the statistics of registered divorces are disappointing, which forces governments to take measures to protect the family, although practice shows that these efforts do not give the desired result. Comprehension of the problem pushes sociologists, culturologists, psychologists to the conclusion: the institution of the family needs a deep transformation.

Why are we scared of incorrect divorce statistics? At what age did our parents get married and what has changed now? We often see conflicting figures about divorces in Russia, as well as other statistics that distort the real picture. How much has our generation changed and differs from our parents, from other countries? Fastlife looked at the statistics of 1980 and 2015 at the State Statistics Committee, compared the indicators with other countries. We bring our analysis and information to thought.

On the graph we see that starting in 2013, the main age for marriage was 25-30 years. The number of girls who got married at this age is 2 times more in 2015 than in 1980. If earlier our parents got married before the age of 25, now the situation has changed.

The situation is similar for men. Men began to marry at an even more mature age, even the group 35 and older enters into cancer more often than young people under 25:

On average, the age for registering a family in Russia is 5-7 years higher than it was 30 years ago, at 28 for girls and 32 for men (according to Fastlife estimates and Goskomstat data). In Western countries, there is a similar trend towards an increase in the age for marriage, as in Poland it is about 28 years old, and in Sweden it is 34 years old.

The graph below shows the average age at first marriage for men and women in the EU-28 in 2011.
Source: Eurostat. Marriage indicators (Last update 11/19/2014, Extracted on 01/15/15)

What is the percentage of divorces in Russia according to official data? We often hear "inflated" divorce statistics. Divorce rates of 80% and higher are incorrect, but we could not find the original sources of these data.
The official statistics of the ratio of divorces and marriages in Russia range from 40% in 1980 to 57% of divorces in 2015. For comparison with other countries, the leader in the divorce rate is Portugal with 67%, followed by the Czech Republic, Hungary, Spain with an average of 65%.
In the United States, the divorce rate is about the same as in Russia, about 50%.

Also, among our participants, we often hear such a point of view that the number of men and women in Russia is significantly different and not in favor of women. We decided to check this opinion and looked into the data of the State Statistics Committee.

We see that the imbalance is 16% in 2015, which was also earlier in 1980. Unfortunately, the situation has not changed much.
But what about the imbalance in other countries?

Let's look at the world map, which shows the imbalance in the number of men and women in color.

In which country is it easier to find a husband?

World map of brides through the eyes of a man. Green light for finding a wife: Russia, Latin America.

Finally, a video with a visual illustration of the Goskomstat data on marriages and divorces in Russia:

In conclusion, we can say that some of the negative data that we have to hear about divorces in Russia have not been confirmed. We recommend that you contact Rosstat and look at reliable sources. Russia has by no means the most negative statistics on divorces, people began to marry at a more mature and conscious age, there are positive dynamics, while, of course, there are countries - examples where the rates of marriage are even higher.

Who is to blame that they did not take root together - the married couple may never find out about this until the end. But many young families know what to do in this case. Divorce, with or without a maiden name, but it is he who is the apogee of some relationship. And judging by the statistics in Russia, there are a lot of relationships.

Divorce statistics

According to the annual statistics of the departments of the Civil Registry Office of the Russian Federation, the popularity of registered relations significantly falls behind divorces and unofficial - civil, as is the case among the people, marriages.

Nowadays, no one will forbid young people to live by running a joint household (or even not running it) without a signature, in an open relationship. Cohabitation, as people of the older generations would call an unofficial marriage, is today a tribute to fashion, or maybe an ode to freedom and emancipation, behind which the unwillingness of the younger generations to take full responsibility for themselves and their other half is veiled. Nevertheless, young families who have officially formalized their relationship, and not only, today easily make the decision to divorce. According to statistics, in Russia in 2018 there are 660 thousand divorces of young families for 1200 million registered marriages. Of these, the approximate duration of cohabitation for 15% of families is about 1 year. Moreover, among the CIS countries, not only in Russia, but also in Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, the cult of the family is not particularly honored, giving preference to divorces after weddings.

According to UN demographic data, Russia has been in the first place in the lists of countries in terms of the number of divorces for several years now, entering the top four with the above countries in terms of the number of divorces. The provocateurs of such statistics are both social and economic factors.

Reasons for divorce in the Russian Federation

Experts have identified several reasons, following which the families of Russia decide to dissolve the family union. These are the following factors:

1. Cheating spouses - 30%. Moreover, 65% of women believe that it is the man who is to blame for the family discord, incriminating him in treason. At the same time, according to polls, in 64% of divorced couples, both spouses are to blame for the divorce.
2. Poverty, unwillingness to support a family at the proper level, housing and household problems - 27%.
3. Psychological component: difference of interests, non-convergence of characters, scandals, lack of search for compromises, etc. - 19%.
4. Alcoholism, drug addiction and other addictions - 17%.
5. Early or unequal marriages, assault, interference in the life of young families of parents or relatives, unsatisfied intimate life of spouses, inability to have children - 5%.
6. The fading feelings of the spouses affect to a lesser extent - 2%.

Among other things, they get divorced even in cases of long separation, long-term illness of one of the spouses, and imprisonment. Nevertheless, the real reasons for the dissolution of marriages, according to both sociologists and historians, must be sought in the national characteristics and culture of the people, the traditions of life and the consciousness of people.

Divorce as a consequence of the de-culture of the nation

The age of young families getting married has become much younger. In 2010-2019. relationships are registered by people born in the 90s. - the time of the redistribution of the economy and the formation of new values, or rather, the loss of old ones.

Along the way, the 90s of the last century were distinguished by a low birth rate and a low number of prosperous families. Of course, during the Soviet era, there were also prosperous and dysfunctional families. But the divorce rate was low. Because the institution of marriage and family was strongly cultivated in the union. The family, as a unit of society, was almost a visiting card in the process of all life. It was difficult, and sometimes impossible, for a divorced person to build a career, get separate housing, benefits, etc.

Divorces were condemned in the USSR, starting from the place of work of a divorced person and ending with expulsion from the party or the Komsomol. In Soviet society, it was accepted that a Soviet person is a family person who loves and respects his family and work. When the union collapsed, the post-Soviet republics breathed in not only the economic wind of change, but also the social one.

Cohabitation did not become a censure in society, but began to be called the fashionable term "civil marriage". In newly created companies and firms, the employer did not care whether his employee was divorced or married, as long as he made a profit. In the 90s, marital status did not affect much. Wives could be changed an infinite number of times as long as there were free pages for a stamp in the passport. And no one will say a word to you: neither the party cell, nor the trade union, nor the boss. People built a business, stole, robbed, bought, sold ... Nobody cared about the moral foundations and socialization of society. If only to survive!

On the other hand, the popularization of commerce, the formation of private business, and the redistribution of the country's economy in the post-Soviet era also influenced the social side of life. People thought less about spiritual education and instilling moral norms in their children, money began to fit into the basis of relationships. Society has ceased to adhere to the cult of the family, believing that relationships, as a business, can be easily bought and sold. It is easy to divorce an old wife, marry a new young one again. Family values ​​were no longer at the forefront, as in Soviet society.

On the third hand, Russia developed for its most part as a European state. Therefore, the type of upbringing in the family, such as in the countries of Asia, has not been preserved in the entire state. After all, it is there that, from childhood, the cult of family and marriage is instilled in families, the traditions of honoring the mother and father - the heads of the institution of the family - are absorbed into the mother's milk. Therefore, there is a small percentage of divorces, even in spite of the low economic indicators of the standard of living. This leads to the conclusion that statehood must be based on social orientation, the revival of the upbringing of spirituality and family values. It is with the attitude towards the family that from generation to generation young people will form a worthy attitude towards their society and state. Already in the 90s. in Russia these values ​​were lost, which gave rise to permissiveness, on the one hand, and financial uncertainty about the future, on the other.

The statistics of divorces in the Russian Federation for the last 5 years has not yet given happy forecasts. It is necessary for a start to stop the number of growing divorces of marriages in relation to the concluded family unions. Only then should we develop government programs to minimize such digital ratios and indicators. Nobody demands to return to the model of society of the USSR, but it is worth adopting the experience. How many percent will divorce in the coming years, no one predicts. But it is always worth remembering that the family is the eternal source of the benefactor of every person and the worthy development of society as a whole.

Below is the official statistics of divorces in Ukraine for 1990-2016 (for 27 years) according to the information of the Ministry of Statistics of Ukraine. The data are given in absolute numbers, the sample includes all facts of divorces between couples officially registered on the territory of Ukraine, without taking into account the reasons for the divorces and the peculiarities of the division of property.

Analysis of the information provided allows us to assess the level and dynamics of divorces in Ukraine, to answer the question - how many divorces occur in Ukraine per year, or - how many divorces are registered in Ukraine annually.

It should be borne in mind that the data on divorces in Ukraine, in the statistics below, do not include information from the occupied Ukrainian territories - the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, parts of the Luhansk and Donetsk regions.

In 2016, Ukrainians played fewer weddings and got divorced more often. These are the data of the Ministry of Justice on the conclusion of acts of civil status. “Today” I found out in which regions of the country the people legitimize relations with the greatest willingness, and where families break up more often.

If in 2015 both the number of marriages and the number of divorces decreased, then in 2016 the trends have changed. Last year, 229.45 thousand new families were formed in the country, which is 69.6 thousand less than a year earlier (299 thousand married in 2015).

As for the divorces, their number, on the contrary, increased slightly - by 0.6 thousand (130.0 thousand in 2016 against 129.4 thousand in 2015). According to experts, such trends are associated with the situation in the country.

“Marriages, like last year, are fewer, primarily due to economic problems and related domestic difficulties: the system of housing loans for young families is working poorly, and the cost of renting apartments is growing. Not to mention that the wedding itself will cost a pretty penny, ”explains psychologist Lilia Voronina. - As for the growth in the number of divorces, there are several reasons. Firstly, families began to break up more often because of the war in Donbass: our fighters return from the combat zone with mental disorders and physical injuries, and for their wives this is often an unbearable burden. Secondly, the rise in prices for everything violates the established budget of families and more often leads to domestic conflicts and, as a result, to divorce. Thirdly, because of the situation in the country, situations often arise in which one of the spouses wants to move to live in another city or even a country, and the other is not ready for this. "

The leading regions in terms of the number of weddings and divorces, as in the previous year, remain Kiev, Dnipropetrovsk and Kharkiv area. The least likely to formalize a marriage, as in the last year, on Luhansk, and are the least likely to get divorced in Transcarpathian region (in 2015, the champion in strong families was the Luhansk region).

“The fact is that in Western Ukraine people honor family values ​​with great trepidation, there religion is tightly integrated into the institution of marriage, which does not encourage divorce. In big cities, people take this easier, the pace of life is higher there, and therefore they get married more often, ”says the psychologist.

Incredible: 75% of married couples in Ukraine get divorced in the first five years of marriage! But what about “both in sorrow and in joy”?

It turns out that in Ukraine, most marriages break up for already the first five years! And this is indeed a very large number.

And here are some more important figures released during the official event. Today, 60 to 90 percent of spouses in some regions separate within the first five years. About 70 percent of children grow up in single-parent families.

“Tomorrow these children will be unable to create a full-fledged family. We find ourselves in a vicious circle of human weakness, loss of foundations in society! ”- experts shout.

In contact with

According to the Civil Registry Office, 99,720 pairs of Muscovites got married last year, which is 763 less than in 2014. “For 71 percent of men and 69 percent of women, this was their first marriage. In addition, 16 percent of marriages in 2015 were concluded between Muscovites and representatives of foreign countries, ”added the head of the Moscow Civil Registry Office.

Turkey ranks first in the ranking of countries from which grooms and brides come, followed by Germany, followed by Afghanistan, Israel, Great Britain, Italy, Serbia, France, Syria and the United States of America. And from the former Soviet republics, most often Muscovites register marriages with citizens of Ukraine, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Georgia.

In 2016, a leap year, according to forecasts of the Civil Registry Office, Muscovites will marry less often. “Each leap year is four to five thousand fewer marriages. But let's hope that in 2016 the number of divorces in Moscow will also decrease, ”Irina Muravyova emphasized.

In 2015, 43,560 couples divorced, which is 1,818 fewer than in 2014. “Over the past five years, overall, the number of divorces has decreased by two percent and the number of marriages has increased by two percent on average. Unfortunately, most of the divorces occur by court order. And this means that there are minor children in the disintegrating families or there are some controversial property issues, so people go to court. And yet, our statistics show that during economic crises, families more often unite and decide to either postpone parting, or not to consider this issue at all, ”explained Irina Muravyova.

According to Irina Muravyova, in 2015, 143,150 newborns were registered in the capital's registry offices. This is 4,792 more children than in 2014. Last year, 73,839 boys and 69,311 girls were born. Thus, there are 4.5 thousand more boys.

“In general, over the past five years, the birth rate in the capital has grown by 14 percent. Another good indicator: 81 percent of children are born in families where parents are officially married. It is also noteworthy that more than 70 thousand boys and girls became first-borns. We have registered 52 thousand acts in families where second children have appeared. And 20.5 thousand boys and girls became the third, fourth and so on ”, - said Irina Muravyova.

As before, the most popular names for boys in Moscow are Alexander, Maxim, Artyom, Mikhail, Daniil, Ivan, Dmitry, Kirill, Andrey and Egor. The most popular female names in 2015 are the names Sophia and Sophia. In second place are Maria and Marya. Following Sofia and Maria are Anna, Anastasia, Victoria, Elizabeth, Polina, Alice. Daria and Alexandra are at the bottom of the top ten.

Among the unusual names, according to the Moscow Civil Registry Office, residents of the capital in 2015 chose the name Mercury for a boy and the name Joy for a girl.

Read the full interview with Irina Muravyova.