Gender of the brain: the real differences between men and women, by anne moir and david jessle. Brain Gender: The Real Differences Between Men and Women - Review - The Psychology of Effective Living - Online Journal

Each person is unique and inimitable. There are no two identical stones in the world, let alone people. But with all this, there are differences that are immediately striking - the differences between a man and a woman. And they are not only in the external distinctive signs of sex.

Perception features:

In the perception of a man, the main place is occupied by what he sees. For a woman, most of the impressions are associated with the perception of speech. The statements that “a man loves with his eyes, and a woman with his ears” is not accidental.

Intuition:

The man grasps and evaluates the situation as a whole, the woman, rather, fixes her attention on the little things.

Due to her interest in little things, a woman is much more observant than a man, and this is the source of the famous female intuition.

Women can more quickly and easily understand a person by facial expressions, gestures, glances, which is the secret of their subtle intuition.

Observation:

Great observation is characteristic of a woman in an ordinary situation. In a situation of stress, danger, a woman is more likely to "lose her head", and with it, and observation. In men in a situation of danger, observation becomes more acute.

Temperament:

Observations of psychologists indicate that men are more likely to have a predominance of choleric temperament traits. It is for them that a distinct manifestation of volitional reactions, assertiveness, energy, impatience is characteristic. Men are usually characterized by more external aggressiveness, more persistence, and the ability to withstand rough pressure. Therefore, choleric temperament can be viewed as a "male temperament." Sanguine and melancholic temperaments correspond more to the female nature. A woman is characterized by mobility, a violent manifestation of feelings, a quick change in mood.

Emotionality: Women are usually much more emotional than men. It is customary for men to restrain their emotions; it is pointless to demand this from a woman. The swings in a woman's mood are enormous.

Women react more sharply to encouragement and punishment, react more painfully to conflicts and troubles at work and at home. Women often change their facial expressions and can reflect several dozen different feelings, while in men, as a rule, only two can be recognized: disgust and indifference.

Nervous system and adaptability:

The nervous system of women is less stable. Therefore, women quickly move from one emotional state to another.

Her ability for instant psychic transformation surpasses that of a man.

The combination of all these features ultimately leads to the fact that women are better able to adapt to changing circumstances.

Other physical parameters:

Women are superior to men in agility, speed of perception, reaction, speed of speech, sensitivity of touch, coordination of movements. Men are superior to women in spatial orientation.

Women get sick about 2 times less than men. The life expectancy of women is 7-15 years longer than that of men.

Women have fewer deformities, infantilism is less common. There are 3-4 times less female suicides than men.

Women tolerate pain better than men, as well as monotonous, monotonous, uninteresting activities.

Women are more sensitive to human relationships, more sensitive to their nuances than men. If men have a more pronounced need to achieve goals, success, then women in the first place are relationships with others.

Women "read" faces much better, subtly capture the mood of the interlocutor, and are much more sensitive.

Men are more aggressive, women are more conflicted.

In view of the great importance for a woman of relationships with others, her speech is more complete and complicated in comparison with a man's. In general, women are stronger in grammar and languages.

Naturalness:

Most men are easily recognizable. Their character traits are written out in their facial features, in their clothes, in the manner of speaking and listening, in the way they walk, sit down, get up, straighten their tie, etc.

A woman never gives herself away. She knows that she is always being looked at, so everything in a woman is prepared for such viewing, she also strives to be natural, but in a female performance it means being better than she really is.

Self-assessments are often underestimated in women, and overestimated in men. Men are more often satisfied with themselves.

Many men rate a woman's business qualities lower than they expect.

Choice of profession:

Men more often choose professions related to technology, because they feel better among subjects, and women feel comfortable among people and therefore prefer humanitarian specialties.

For a male leader, his subordinates are cogs on which the functioning and success of the enterprise depends. The woman - the chef thinks differently: the better the relations in her team, the more satisfaction her subordinates will get from the work, the better they will perform their duties.

There are fewer women in business than men, because entrepreneurship is associated with decision-making, leadership, responsibility, and risk.

These moments are not beneficial to women.

In addition, women have a weaker orientation towards a career, worse starting conditions (less often they have leadership experience)

The income of women in business is significantly lower than that of men.

The woman is more inclined towards family business. Business activity of unmarried women is higher. And those who have plunged into business "headlong" often have a family falling apart.

Considering the question of what is more important in the formation of personality - genes or environment, it must be said: for a woman - the environment, for a man - genes.

“Women should not take risks, their evolutionary role is different - preserving what has been achieved and passing it on to future generations. The female sex is much more plastic in the process of individual development, and also the woman is significantly superior to the man in the speed and ease of adaptation to life and environmental conditions due to the wider boundaries of the manifestation of the genotype. The fair sex clearly shows a tendency to master the inner space, they have a more delicate taste than men and in its development women can reach a certain degree of perfection. They can better distinguish materials and shapes, hear better, react more sharply to noise; see better at dusk and at night. From early childhood, they show great ability to master speech, have the best ability to communicate.

It is known that women more often adhere to extreme views and positions, in discussions they show a faster reaction, but in terms of generalizations they are inferior to men. They are more interested in people, their problems, they are more sensitive in social contacts, they can better understand another person. "

Women are shy in front of their superiors, submit to someone else's authority, and tend to consider the interests of others more important than their own.

Distinctive features of a business woman - ease of communication with others, commitment, the ability to quickly agree on a case and just as quickly start to implement it.

Every business woman should take a responsible attitude not only to her words and actions, but also to her appearance and appearance.

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Brain sex: the difference between men and woman

Anne Moir, David Jessel, Delta, 1992

Brain gender: differences between men and women

How the male and female brain work: the main differences and features

When American psychologist Dr. Wexler put together his famous IQ test in the 1950s, he found that most of the existing assignments worked for either men or women. He publicly lamented: “Our research confirms what poets say and what ordinary people believe, namely: men not only behave differently, but also think not like women. " Veksler and his colleagues have been looking for tasks that are universal for both sexes for a long time, but all attempts have ended in failure. Not finding a neutral instrument, the scientists simply balanced the number of questions that were comfortable for women and men in their test.

Modern society continues to convince us that men and women are the same, and all the differences between us are created artificially, by imposing gender stereotypes about what we should like and how we should behave. The authors of the book, a geneticist and journalist, fundamentally disagree with this approach. They show deep biological the difference between the sexes.

Modern science has found an explanation for why women are people- and relationship-oriented and more cooperative, while men live in a world of things, are interested in structures and concepts, and seek competition. The reason for the differences is not at all in the traditional upbringing, it lies much deeper - in the very structure of the brain. Even in the womb, under the influence of hormones, the development of the brain is directed according to the female or male pattern.

The male brain is more specialized: a separate area is responsible for each function. Therefore, it is easier for a man to maintain concentration, even if he is doing two things at the same time. In the female brain, responsibility for different functions is distributed between regions, and both hemispheres are often involved in performing the same task. Women process information in a more complex way - emotions are always mixed with logic.

There are not many psychological differences between men and women that have been repeatedly confirmed by different researchers in different populations. Such reliable The differences can be counted on the fingers of one hand (and we will do so in our review), but they create a chasm between the two sexes, so they should not be underestimated. For example, the approach to teaching children in the mainstream school almost does not take into account the gender characteristics of the brain and thus creates many unnecessary difficulties for children.

The authors of the book urge you and me to agree that the brain can be female or male (and also that the gender of the brain does not always correspond to the sex of the body!). By ignoring differences, we are ignoring the value that is worth cultivating. It's better to study your gender characteristics and use them than to try to be equal in all the opposite sex, isn't it?

The review from the book by Ann Moir and David Jessle included a test that will help you determine the gender of your brain right now so that you can begin to use your full potential.

Curriculum Vitae

Anne Moir- geneticist, doctor of medical sciences. Research interests - microbiology, biotechnology, molecular biology. Teaches at The University of Sheffield (UK). Writes articles for popular science magazines.

David Jessle- ex-presenter and producer of TV and radio programs. He has worked for BBC Birmingham and London Broadcasting Company (LBC).

Introduction

The topic of differences between men and women attracts both professionals and amateurs, so it is not always easy to separate the facts obtained in the course of scientific research from the products of wild imagination. Described below reliable differences between the sexes, confirmed by different scientists in different years and on different samples of subjects.

TOP 5 fundamental differences between men and women

No matter how scientists fought, they were able to find only five reliable differences between men and women. But the authors of more than a hundred (!) Independent studies agree with this five.

DIFFERENCE 1. Spatial thinking. The most striking and proven difference between men and women is spatial ability. It is easier for men to navigate the terrain, mentally see the structure and relative position of objects. Boys from an early age strive to master space, disassemble and construct objects. Later in school, they learn theorems better and solve abstract problems. Boston Johns Hopkins University annually selects mathematically gifted students. According to their data, there is only one girl for the 13 most gifted boys (who scored 700 points out of 800 possible).

DIFFERENCE 2. Verbal ability. Girls begin to read faster, spelling and punctuation are easier for them. By the age of three, 99% of girls can already speak clearly, and boys catch up with them a year later. Stuttering and other speech defects are more common in boys. Thus, four out of five children with dyslexia (inability to read) are males. Women are more willing to learn foreign languages ​​(even if they don't need the language for work, etc., they just enjoy it).

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The man is the head, the woman is his neck. From time immemorial in Russia it was said so. Why? Because the woman complements the man. If we take the Biblical story of the creation of the world, then we learn about the origin of Eve. It is created from Adam's rib. To become a faithful wife and helper.

What are the differences between a man and a woman? In what ways do they complement each other, and in what they cannot find understanding? Read on and find out.

Physiology

We'll start with the simplest. With the differences between men and the fairer sex of a physiological nature.

The physiological differences between men and women are as follows.

• Men are taller than women, as a rule. They have a more elongated chest cage.
• The ribcage of women is rounded and the pelvis is wider than that of men.
• In females, the thyroid gland is larger. And more active than brothers and husbands.
• Ladies have at least 20% fewer blood cells. That is why, they faint more often than the stronger sex. Due to lack of oxygen.
• And yet, the weight of the brain in a man is much higher than the "female weight".
• But the females can boast of a large Varoli bridge. It is 10 times more than that of the male population of the planet.

Biology

At the moment of conception, our biological sex is already predetermined. This is where the fun begins. Biological differences between a man and a woman appear even when the child is in the mother's belly.

It is known that the brain of a boy and a girl is different. This will be discussed below, but for now let's return to our biology. So, already two months after conception, the male embryo begins to develop in the desired biological direction. There is a huge supply of testosterone. As a result, on ultrasound, happy parents are told that they will have a son. This is great, only testosterone kills most of the communication brain centers.

The boys' mothers must have noticed: a very tiny son is in the crib. You approach him, he focuses his gaze on his face. And then, with joy, he turns his attention to some moving object. It can be a hanging toy, or a rattle that the mother shakes over her son.

Girls, in this regard, are more collected. They can carefully examine the mother's face, studying every detail of it. She herself is still tiny, but she is already showing close attention.

The biological differences between men and women are inherent in nature. For example, in the 90s of the last century, such a case thundered. Once upon a time there was Brenda's girl. A sweet child who could not accept himself as a girl in any way. The girly outfits were downright infuriating, and playing with dolls was nauseous. And I didn't like the chatter of the girlfriends. Another thing is games with boys, cars and guns.

As time went on, Brenda turned 14 years old. And then the truth came to light. Brenda is a boy. The fact is that in infancy, a boy named David was circumcised. This led to problems with the primary masculine trait. The parents decided to change the sex of the child.

When Brenda-David learned the truth, he was transformed back into a man. Now he is married and has children and grandchildren.

Brain

Everyone knows about the differences between the brain of a man and a woman. At least in school, in anatomy lessons, we were told that a man's brain is 10% larger than a woman's. Accordingly, it is heavier.

But among the fair sex, he is much more active. Only scientists have not yet decided whether this is good or bad. The fact is that the female brain is in a state of activity even in sleep.

Very often, married women have to deal with the situation: in the morning the child wakes up, plays next to the bed or on the bed. The light is on in the room, and dad is asleep, covered with a blanket over his head. He also snores. His brain does not react at all to external stimuli.

What is the reason for this? With the fact that in a dream in men only 5% of the brain is active. And for women - 70%. Therefore, one should not be offended by a young father who continues to snore while the child is crying. He does not hear this cry, unlike the lightly sleeping mother.

The difference between a man and a woman is that in the former the parietal part of the cerebral cortex is more developed. She is responsible for spatial perception. And it is very well developed that reacts to danger. That is why, in a stressful situation, the male population makes decisions faster.

Psychological differences

The psychological differences between a man and a woman are striking in childhood. You know, there is such a joke. Two comrades are standing in the cold, their ears have already turned red. And they don’t wear hats. "Why do I need a hat? - says one, - I can stand the cold well." And the second adds: "I don't need a hat, it will ruin my whole hair."

Who is a boy and who is a girl is immediately clear. It is believed that men are less emotional. Although modern young people raised by mothers have become worse than women. But these are defective specimens. A real man does not whine or drool. He is a breadwinner, able to protect himself and his family when needed.

Men are more aggressive than women. They love open power and do not tolerate submission at all.

The fair sex is more gentle and emotional. It costs them nothing to cry. No, of course, there are girls who cannot be pushed into emotions. They are independent and determined. But the strength of a real woman lies in her weakness.

And if a man loves open power, then a woman rules imperceptibly. At first glance, the husband does not even understand that his wife has long been in power.

Women are more attached to family and home than the stronger sex.

Social differences

A century ago, there could be no talk of social equality between a man and a woman. The man worked, earned food. And the woman was busy with the housework and gave birth to children.

Times are different now. Women have become independent, and the professions that used to be considered purely masculine are now great for women.

The social differences between men and women are almost invisible. Although there is still a job for which the fair sex is not hired. There are 456 such professions in Russia. Let's list the main ones:

• trucker;
• captain of the ship;
• electric train driver;
• a carpenter;
• diver.

Of course, nothing can stop a determined lady. And women are trying to get illegal jobs. True, for this they have to apply to various organizations for permission. It comes down to the UN.

We talked about the real differences between a man and a woman. Now, let's highlight some interesting facts regarding this issue:

Something else

It's no secret that young ladies are much more emotional and selfish. On the one hand, they give all of themselves to the family. But on the other hand, if you set a goal to achieve something, do not wash, so you will achieve it by skating.

Men are more likely to go ahead rather than covertly. The latter is a preference for women.

Representatives of the strong are much less vindictive than charming young ladies. Those are able to remember some little thing after many years.

Conclusion

These are the main differences between a man and a woman. What we are all the same different. And this is good: a woman complements a man, and a man balances a beautiful creature. If everyone was the same, it would be boring.

One of the main reasons for the emergence of problems between a man and a woman is that they do not sufficiently understand the differences between them. Understanding these differences will allow them to accept each other for who they really are, and ultimately minimize the risks of problems. This article illustrates some of the differences between the sexes.

Physical difference. It is obvious. Men and women differ from each other in countless ways, many of which they are not even aware of. What is the physical difference between a man and a woman? Here are just a few of these differences:

1. The average man is taller and heavier than the average woman.
2. Females have greater vitality, possibly due to their unique chromosomal set. In Russia, they generally live about 7-8 years longer than males.
3. Women are more sensitive to sounds than men.
4. Men are about 30% stronger than women, especially in the muscles of the upper body.
5. Men are at a higher level than women.
6. On average, girls start puberty about two years earlier than boys.
7. Men have larger hearts and lungs. Their higher testosterone levels cause them to produce more red blood cells (erythrocytes).
8. Women have about 20% fewer red blood cells in their blood, and because they carry oxygen around the body, women are more likely to faint.
9. Women's lung capacity is about 30% less than men's .
10. Women have a larger stomach, kidneys, liver, and appendix than men.
11. A woman's heart beats faster than a man's (80 beats per minute versus 72). Women have more blood pressure changes from time to time, but they have a much lower tendency to high blood pressure, at least until menopause.
12. Differences in diet and oxygen delivery affect some aspects of activity: for example, when a man is running at about 50% of his capacity, a woman will have to work at more than 70% of his potential to keep up with him.
13. Feminine declines after age 35, ending in menopause. However, men, even in old age, are capable of producing children.
14. Men's skin has more collagen and sebum, which makes it thicker and oily than women's skin.
15. Women have a higher percentage of body fat than men.
16. Men and women have different levels of certain hormones. For example, men have a higher concentration of androgens, such as, while women have a higher concentration of estrogens.
17. The average male brain contains about 4% more cells and 100 grams more brain tissue than the average female brain. It has nothing to do with intelligence at all! Research shows that there is no difference in intelligence between men and women. However, both sexes have the same brain mass in relation to body weight.
18. Men tend to have the index finger shorter than the ring finger, while women tend to have the index finger longer than the ring finger.
19. Men have better distance vision and the ability to perceive perspective (depth of vision), and generally have better vision in light conditions. Women have better night vision (particularly in the red spectrum of light) and have better visual memory.
20. Women have three very important physiological functions that are completely absent in men - menstruation, pregnancy and lactation. Each of these mechanisms significantly affects behavior and feelings. The female hormonal pattern is more complex and varied.
21. Women can handle high temperatures better than men because their metabolism is slower.
22. Men and women differ in every cell of their body because they carry different chromosome sets. The consequences of these genetic differences manifest themselves in a fairly wide range from the obvious to the very subtle.

Pbehavioral differences. There are several proven behavioral differences between men and women. The most common are:

1. Men are physically more aggressive.
2. Men masturbate more often.
3. Women are less likely to successfully commit suicide, but more suicide attempts are more likely.
4. Men are more positive about sex than women; they can easily become attached to a woman just because she looks attractive.
5. Men are more likely to make risky decisions.
6. Women express their emotions more easily and experience greater intensity of emotions.

Human relations. Women communicate much easier and better than men. They focus on reaching a solution, discuss issues in a group, and use non-verbal cues such as tone, emotion, and empathy. On the other hand, men are more task-oriented, less talkative, and more isolated. Emotions are difficult to understand in men. These differences clearly explain why men and women sometimes have difficulty communicating and why male friendships are different from female friendships.

Communication skills and body language. The communication center in the brain of a woman is much larger than that of a man. Women tend to use language better than men, provided all other factors remain the same. Women pay special attention to words, read between the lines, and many more men pay attention to people's body language, including facial expressions.

Differences in mental health. Some mental illnesses have been shown to be distributed differently between the sexes. The most common are:

1. Some studies have shown that this disease is twice as common in women as in men. Serotonin is a chemical produced in the brain to maintain a good mood. The rate of synthesis and its level in the blood is much higher in men than in women. These differences likely explain why depression is more common in women.
2. Schizophrenia. Although the disorder affects men and women alike, men tend to experience symptoms earlier, with greater intensity and have a worse prognosis than women. Symptoms of schizophrenia in women are more often associated with depression and impaired thinking, while men have apathy, a disorder speech, cognitive impairment and social isolation.
3. Alzheimer's disease. Several studies have shown that women are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease than men, a condition caused by damage to the white matter of the brain. On the other hand, men with Alzheimer's have a higher mortality risk than women.
4. Stress disorder . Anxiety disorders are chronic diseases that occur more frequently in women than in men. The risk of PTSD after some traumatic experience is much higher in women than in men.

Reaction to stress. In a stressful situation, men have a “fight or flight” response, while women respond with a “try to make friends” strategy. Hormones are responsible for these different responses to stress. In a stressful situation, a person's body releases a "stress hormone" - cortisol, which brings the body into "full combat readiness" to deal with stress. But the body cannot be in this state all the time. And to reduce the effects of cortisol, another hormone, oxytocin, is released. This hormone, among other functions, reduces feelings of anxiety, induces feelings of satisfaction and calmness. In men, testosterone reduces the effect of oxytocin. This explains the reason for the man's fight-or-flight response to stress. In women, estrogen enhances the effect of oxytocin, as a result, she calms down, she has a sense of trust, sympathy and goodwill towards people. Women tend to be more open to expressing their emotions and interacting with others when dealing with a variety of stressful situations.

Happiness. Overall, it has been proven that women are much more satisfied with their lives than men. In addition, women are more concerned about family, while young men are more attracted to politics, sports, etc.

Different brains — different abilities. Typically, the male brain is 11-12% larger than the female, because he needs to control a large body. However, this difference in size has absolutely nothing to do with intelligence, superiority or inferiority of one sex over another. In general, men are better oriented in their surroundings and have higher mathematical abilities than women. Men are much better at visualizing three-dimensional objects than women.

Mathematical ability. An area of ​​the brain called the inferior parietal lobe (IPL) tends to be much larger in males, especially on the left side than in females. This part of the brain is responsible for mathematical ability and probably explains why men are better at solving math problems than women. By the way, this part of Einstein's brain was abnormally large. The IPL also processes sensory information. In women, it is more on the right side, allowing them to focus on specific stimuli, such as a baby crying at night.

The left hemisphere of the brain is against both hemispheres. Experts have shown that men are better at processing information in the left hemisphere, while women tend to use both hemispheres equally well for processing. This distinction clearly shows why men are more task-oriented, while women tend to be more creative in problem solving and better aware of the role of feelings in communication.

What does it mean? This means that men tend to try to solve the problem step by step. They have no concept of multitasking. This can also explain why men get angry when, for example, “multitasking” women talk to them and do other things. They simply cannot understand what exactly the woman is doing at this time. All this proves why men are better at coping with such tasks as programming, business, and women - with training, social protection of the population, etc.

Thinking. While men and women may reach similar conclusions and decisions, their thinking process may be different, and in some cases may lead to completely different results. In general, men and women view and process information differently.

Women tend to be intuitive. They consider several sources of information as part of the process, trying to consider and understand the problem as a whole. They are willing to accept a “collective” point of view and consider the elements of the task in their interrelationship and interdependence.

Men tend to focus on one or a limited number of tasks at a time. They have a heightened ability to separate themselves from the problem and to minimize existing complexities. Men try to divide the problem into simple tasks and solve them consistently. They fail to appreciate the subtleties that can be critical to successfully solving a problem.

While there are differences in ways of thinking, it should be emphasized that men and women do not necessarily solve problems in a similar manner. There is no absolute here, only tendencies.

Language. The area of ​​the brain responsible for understanding, perceiving, processing and reproducing language is significantly larger in women than in men. This is one of the reasons why women excel in language subjects and language related to thinking. It is also important to note that men tend to process language in one hemisphere, while women in both hemispheres. This distinction offers some protection in the event of a stroke. For example, women are able to fully recover from a stroke affecting the language areas in the brain, while men do not have such a chance.

Emotions. The most obvious difference between a man and a woman is probably emotion. Women have a deeper limbic system than men. This allows them to be in greater contact with their feelings, they are able to express themselves better, which helps to establish contacts with other people. This is one of the reasons that it is women who are the caregivers of children. Unfortunately, this also has its disadvantage, as a deeper limbic system also opens the way for women to become depressed, especially during hormonal shifts, such as after childbirth, during the menstrual cycle and during menopause.

What does it mean? As mentioned above, women are much better at socializing than men. If you want to better understand a person, you need to go down to his level of communication, voice how you feel, and it will be much easier for your interlocutor to understand you. It should also be noted that some men themselves understand these differences and successfully use the woman's emotionality to their advantage.

Memory. Women have an increased ability to recall events that have a strong emotional color. They may also remember events or experiences that share common, similar emotions. Women are very adept at referring to information, events or experiences that have a common emotional theme.

Men tend to recall events using strategies based on reconstructing the experience in terms of the elements, tasks, or actions that took place. They are much easier to remember events that have deep feelings of competition or physical activity. There appears to be a structural and chemical basis for the observed differences in memory. For example, the hippocampus (the part of the brain involved in the formation of emotions and the transition of short-term memory to long-term memory) reacts differently to testosterone in men and responds differently to changes in estrogen and progesterone levels in women.

Sensitivity. There is reason to believe that the sensitivity of men and women has a physiological basis. It has been observed that in many cases, women have an increased physical anxiety response in case of danger or threat. Their autonomic and sympathetic systems have a lower threshold of arousal and greater reactivity than men.

In both men and women, higher testosterone levels directly affect aggressive responses and behavior in the centers of the brain. The increase in estrogen and progesterone in men has a "feminizing" effect. For example, sexually aggressive men become less focused on sex as the level of female hormones in the blood rises. On the other hand, changes in estrogen and progesterone levels in women during the menstrual cycle can lead to irritability and other intense emotions. High testosterone levels can lead to emotional insensitivity, empathy (Greek ἐν - "in" + Greek πάθος - "passion", "suffering") and increased indifference to someone else's trouble.

At the heart of sensitivity is our ability to form, value, and maintain rewarding relationships. But even here there are important differences. For men, a strong relationship is very different from a woman's. Men feel closer to each other in the process of common activities. Such activities may include military service, military action, various collective sports, outdoor activities, etc. On the other hand, women feel closer and are tested in the process of communication, dialogue and close exchange of experience, emotional content, etc. Many men tend to find this exchange and participation uncomfortable and even overwhelming.

Diseases. Men and women perceive pain differently. Research has shown that women need more morphine to achieve the same level of pain relief.

Women are believed to have the advantage of making them more resistant to various diseases. One of them is that female sex hormones protect against diseases associated with the accumulation of bad cholesterol (this protection is lost during menopause).

Compared to women, men have a higher mortality rate at any age and have more serious illnesses. On the other hand, women are more likely to report less serious illnesses, visit doctors more often and assess their own health more negatively than men. These differences are the result of the interaction of biological and other factors.