Grinev as an example of decency and nobility (based on A.S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter”)

"The Captain's Daughter" is the pinnacle work of Pushkin's prose. Pushkin himself called his story historical; it was based on the true historical fact of a spontaneous peasant uprising led by Pugachev. The author recreates the atmosphere of those times, reproduces the historical setting, and depicts characters typical of that time.

Although the main characters of the work are fictional persons (Grinev, Shvabrin, Mironov), their fate is firmly connected with historical events, with real historical details. The course of history not only influences their fate, but also completely determines it.

The story is a memoir, “family notes”, narrated from the perspective of a witness and participant in those events, Petrusha Grinev.

Grinev is a young man, a nobleman, an officer in Catherine’s army. He is honest, noble, straightforward.

This noble ignoramus sets out on the road of life as an inexperienced youth, but life’s trials make him an individual, reinforcing what he learned from his parents’ home: loyalty to duty, honor, kindness and nobility.

Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is the son of a Simbirsk landowner, who has been living on his estate for many years, and a noblewoman. He was brought up in an atmosphere of provincial-manorial life, imbued with the spirit of the common people. Grinev’s best traits are determined by his origin and upbringing; his unmistakable moral sense clearly manifests itself in moments of testing, and helps him overcome the most difficult situations with honor. The hero has the nobility to ask for forgiveness from the serf - the devoted uncle Savelich, Grinev was immediately able to appreciate the purity of the soul and moral integrity of Masha Mironova, he quickly unraveled the base nature of Shvabrin.

In a fit of gratitude, Grinev without hesitation gives a hare sheepskin coat to the “counselor” he meets, and most importantly, he is able to discern in the formidable rebel Pugachev an extraordinary personality, in which the features of the Russian national character are embodied: breadth of soul, intelligence, resourcefulness, daring, sharpness, dexterity and even humanism.

Without betraying either the oath or the interests of the nobles, Grinev at the same time cannot help but sympathize with Pugachev, cannot help but respect him as a talented person. Their unique friendship became possible only due to the fact that the worldview of both heroes is based on popular ideas about goodness and justice.

The love line largely helps to reveal the images of the main characters and is associated with the technique of antithesis. Grinev and Shvabrin are both in love with Masha Mironova.

Shvabrin ended up in the Belogorsk fortress for murder. He is unprincipled and capable of anything to achieve his goal.

Shvabrin wooed Masha, but was refused. They are driven by base feelings. He turns to violence as a means to achieve his goals, trying to force Masha to marry him. This reveals Shvabrin's true nature - insignificant, cowardly, vile.

Not wanting anyone to discredit Masha’s good name with impunity, Grinev challenges the offender to a duel. He acted like a real man.

The duel almost ended with the death of Grinev due to Shvabrin’s meanness. Having recovered, Grinev learned that Shvabrin had written a denunciation against him. This aroused in the young man hatred of his enemy.

At the same time, an uprising began in the province. The rebels under Pugachev easily took the fortress. The commandant, his wife and officers were killed. Shvabrin, having betrayed his oath, went over to the side of the rebels.

Grinev would never become a traitor. He chose to die, but the faithful Savelich saved his master.

Pugachev turned out to be the man to whom Grinev gave the hare sheepskin coat. The goodness paid off handsomely.

Grinev did not swear allegiance to Pugachev: “I swore allegiance to the Empress, but I cannot swear allegiance to you.”

Grinev’s action gives us an example of honest and decent behavior. Despite the danger, he does not hide his convictions and is not afraid of anything. An example of true nobility is Pugachev’s rescue of Masha Mironova from Shvabrin, whom she hated. These actions of Pugachev testify to his extraordinary nature. He knew how to spare not only friends, but also enemies. Pugachev becomes the patron of the tender love of Masha Mironova and Grinev.

Grinev appears in the story as a model of decency and nobility. He was not afraid to sacrifice his life to save Masha from the hands of Shvabrin. And how does he behave in court, when, at the risk of being sentenced to lifelong hard labor, Pyotr Andreevich tries not to tarnish Masha’s honor.

Pushkin chose the proverb “Take care of your honor from a young age” as the epigraph to “The Captain’s Daughter,” and the hero’s behavior fully corresponded to it. How can one not recall the current state of the Russian army! But a Russian officer, no matter what, must be honest, noble and devoted to the Motherland.

Below is an example of a final essay for grade 11 on the topic “Loyalty and betrayal of one’s convictions” with arguments from literature.

"Loyalty and betrayal of one's beliefs"

Introduction

Loyalty and betrayal are abstract concepts applicable to various areas of human life. Everyone decides for himself whether to be loyal to his state, friends, loved ones, himself.

Problem

In my opinion, the most extreme degree of betrayal is betrayal of oneself, betrayal of one’s principles and beliefs. If a person commits such treason, you can expect anything from him: strong people may break down, get sick from a sense of guilt, and weak people may not even understand what they have done.

Thesis No. 1

People are divided into two categories. You can rely on some in any situation; under pain of death, they will not betray themselves, their loved ones, or their country. Others, at the slightest danger, are ready to frame anyone, slander, slander, just to get away with it.

Argumentation

So in the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" features characters with radically opposite views on life. Petya Grinev is a strong spirit, true to himself and his word, a fearless person. In any situation, he is ready to sacrifice himself for the sake of saving those around him, and is not afraid to talk on equal terms with the leader of the robbers, Pugachev. Under pain of death, he does not betray his convictions and remains true to his word and his Motherland.

Shvabrin, close to Grinev in age and upbringing, does not disdain cunning, blackmail and betrayal in order to achieve Masha’s love and save his miserable life. As a result, Petya Grinev appears before the readers as a real hero, rewarded for his fortitude with the love of a wonderful girl, Masha Mironova, who later saved him from execution. Shvabrin, despite his machinations, finds only death.

Conclusion

Only a person who is true to himself and his word is able to achieve a lot and be happy in life. Fate will sooner or later punish those who were weak and betrayed the laws of morality.

Thesis No. 2

It is especially touching and valuable when people, despite their feelings and desires, follow the beliefs that they have formed over many years.

Argumentation

We encounter such power of self-devotion in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The main character of the novel is so endowed with will that she refused her loved one, Eugene Onegin, not wanting to hurt her husband. She says: “But I was given to someone else and I will be faithful to him forever.” Such self-loyalty surprised even Pushkin when he finished the novel and realized that the heroine could not do otherwise. If Tatyana had acted differently, she would no longer be the girl Onegin fell in love with.

Conclusion

Being true to yourself is the key to the respect and admiration of others. This is what makes us whole, strong. Only a person who respects himself can command the respect of others.

Thesis No. 3

Sometimes a person does not immediately find himself. He can remain in search for a long time, changing his outlook on life.

Argumentation

In the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" the friendship of two young people - Arkady Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov - was built on common interests and beliefs. They were real nihilists, denying family, love, nature, art... But when Arkady fell in love, he realized that it was impossible to deny the feelings that overwhelmed him. He got married and became a real family man, gradually forgetting his friendship with Eugene. I think that in this case Arkady did not betray himself; on the contrary, he found his true self.

Conclusion

Sometimes it takes time to figure out who you really are and what really matters to you.

Conclusion (general conclusion)

Loyalty to oneself is the most important quality that makes a person harmonious, complete, capable of the right actions in any situation. You cannot change your views, otherwise you will not be able to survive in life.

One of the directions of the final essay is “Loyalty and Treason.” It may contain themes related to the following concepts: loyalty and betrayal to a loved one, oneself, a friend, one’s family.

In contact with

"Loyalty and Betrayal" works

Almost every work studied in school contains story line, to one degree or another associated with fidelity and betrayal. Let's consider possible products for the first point:

1. « » , Natasha Rostova, who cheated on Andrei Bolkonsky with one, and is marrying a third.
2. "Quiet Don", Grigory Melekhov, who cannot decide who he should be with: Natasha, his wife and mother of his children, or the married Aksinya.
3. « » , Margarita, who, being married, loves her master and is trying to find him.

For the second point you can take:

1. « » Bazarov, who at first is iron-confident in his views, and then meets a woman who changes his world, he begins to doubt himself.
2. « » , Sonya Marmeladova, a highly moral person who is forced to deviate from her principles and, for the sake of her family, take the “yellow ticket”.
3. "Taras Bulba", the main character, Taras, is true to himself, to his homeland, so he, without deviating from his views, kills his son for betraying his homeland.
4. Poems by Mayakovsky "About the Soviet passport". The lyrical hero is proud that in his hands is a “Hammer-faced, sickle-faced Soviet passport.”
5. “And the dawns here are quiet...”. A squad of women and their commander sacrifice themselves to save the Motherland from the Nazis.
6. "Taras Bulba", Andriy falls in love with a Polish princess and betrays his homeland.

Loyalty and betrayal in the work "Taras Bulba".

As an example about friendship, you can take the following works:

1. "Scarecrow". Here is an example (Lenka, who takes the blame for her friend’s misdemeanor upon herself), and anti example – Dima Somov(afraid to tell the truth, looking at how classmates mock her friend).
2. "Oblomov", Andrei Stolts, who does not abandon his lazy, inert friend and helps him organize things in the village.

The problem of fidelity and betrayal in the family circle is illuminated in the works:

1. "Quiet Don", Grigory Melekhov leaves his family: wife, parents - for the sake of his mistress.
2. "Taras Bulba“Andriy goes against not only the laws of his society, but also against the will and teachings of his father.

Attention! You can use any suitable examples from classical Russian, as well as from foreign and modern literature.

Loyalty and betrayal - introductory part

The introduction should reveal the meaning of terms"loyalty" and "betrayal". After you have given the definition, comment on the problem, give your assessment, express your thoughts on this occasion, talk about its significance and relevance.

Complete your thesis – highlight main idea, literally in one sentence. And then move on to argumentation.

The problem of fidelity and betrayal

Here you can talk about what cheating leads to, tell about the consequences. Think about what feelings the traitor will experience, and what will happen to the person who trusted him.

You may wonder whether a faithful person will ever be happy and much more. The description of the problem will depend from a specific topic.

The problem of fidelity and betrayal, arguments for an essay

Arguments for the essay should be taken from works relevant to the topic. They can be formatted as follows:

And after that, you can move on to writing a conclusion and summing up.

Loyalty and betrayal: arguments for essays, quotes

1. “Consistency is the basis of virtue” - Balzac.
2. “Be faithful to those who are faithful to you” - Plath.
3. “What is my father, comrades and homeland to me? So if that’s the case, here’s the thing: I don’t have anyone! Nobody, nobody! — Andriy, Taras Bulba.
4. “Take care of your honor from a young age” - “The Captain’s Daughter” epigraph.

Attention! It is not at all necessary to use quotes in your essay.

Loyalty and betrayal: conclusion

Summarize based on the above arguments. Do you agree with the theme? Think about what you want to convey in your essay. Perhaps you can recommend something to solve this problem. Draw the reader's attention to something call them to action.

You can use the following templates to indicate the output:

1. In conclusion, I want to say that… .
2. I agree (agree) with the author that... .
3. Please note that betrayal is fraught with far from happy consequences.

Loyalty and treason to the Motherland

This topic raises the concept of “patriotism” - love for the Motherland.

This problem is advantageous in that it allows you to select a lot of examples from literary works devoted to historical and military topics (“The Dawns Here Are Quiet,” “Vasily Terkin,” “The Little Soldier,” etc.).

Each of us understands that this topic is very important nowadays. Therefore, there will be no problem in identifying its relevance and significance.

The captain's daughter: loyalty and betrayal

This work can be used for argumentation in the following directions:

• loyalty and treason to the Motherland;
• to a loved one;
• to myself.

Let's take a closer look. Maria Mironova can be used as an example of pure, true love.

And Peter Grinev can be cited as an example as true patriot, confident in his views on life, his anti-example is Shvabrin. And we also saw traitors to the Motherland here, when they were offered to die or go over to the side of the invader.

Evgeny Onegin: fidelity and betrayal

The main character of this work can be used as examples in several ways. He is courting a married woman, especially since she is the wife of his best friend. This ruins friendships and starts enmity. You can also consider and use tangled love line Evgeny Onegin - Tatiana.

Another example is the biography of Tatyana’s mother, a domineering, callous woman who became like this because of her husband. In her youth, she dreamed of moving to the capital and marrying a military man and leading a social life. But since she became the wife of a landowner, she had to forget about all your dreams.

Loyalty and betrayal, essay examples

Loyalty is constancy in your views, feelings, beliefs. Of course, this is a positive quality. But for each concept there is a term that has the opposite meaning. The antonym for the word “loyalty” is – “betrayal” is uncertainty, retreat in one's beliefs.

The topic of fidelity and betrayal has interested many writers. I think they got their attention emotions and feelings of people, who were loyal and betrayed, thoughts that were the driving force of the traitor at the time of committing vile acts. In order to confirm my words, let us turn to examples from the literature.

A striking illustration of this topic will be “Oblomov” by Goncharov. Here we see the standard of a faithful friend - Andrei Stolts. This character is quite pragmatic: this person’s views on life are absolutely stable and constant. It seems to me that it was for this reason that Stolz always helped out his not very independent friend Oblomov and did not leave him in trouble throughout the entire work. I think that kind of loyalty and devotion deserves respect.

A more interesting plot, full of intrigue, is tied up in Zheleznikov’s work “Scarecrow”. Here we will encounter both loyalty and betrayal. Before the readers are ordinary students from an ordinary school. The main character Lenka is new to the class, she is quiet, modest, and sincere. The girl makes a friend, because of whom she is bullied by her classmates. When Dima reports to the teacher that the class skipped class, Lenka shows nobility and takes the blame for the class upon herself.

I think this is a very brave act, because she knew how it could end. But how will her only friend behave, looking at how the whole class is mocking an innocent girl? And we see that he is suffering, thoughts about this haunt him, but at the same time, he is afraid to be in her place. Therefore, he chose to preserve his reputation rather than help out Lenka, who helped him in difficult times. I think this is treason and betrayal. But I think that after reading this book, few people will want to find themselves in such a situation, because the author so masterfully describes the mental torment of a traitor.

Loyalty and betrayal. direction of the final essay

“Loyalty and Betrayal” Essay example

Conclusion

In conclusion, I want to say that by reading various works on the topic of fidelity and betrayal, we can learn from actions and mistakes heroes in order to avoid unpleasant situations in life and be good, loyal friends.

It is very important in the final essay fully expand on the topic, therefore, for a better result, try to choose examples where the first shows the positive side, and the second, the negative side of the phenomenon indicated in the topic of the essay.

Loyalty is a trait of noble people. This is the ability to be faithful to the last, no matter what the circumstances. You can be faithful to your homeland, family, just cause, loved one, friend. The complete opposite of faithful people are traitorous people who have chosen their own well-being; they do not care about the fate of their country or loved ones. They are capable of stabbing someone in the back, divulging someone else's secret, and weaving a conspiracy against those who trust them.

Many works of Russian literature raise the topic of fidelity and betrayal. Writers are trying to convey to the reader what motivates a person who is capable of treason. These themes are key in A. S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain's Daughter.”

The main character, Pyotr Grinev, is an example of honesty and fidelity to the oath. He is incorruptible even under the threat of death. Despite all the hardships and trials, Commandant Ivan Kuzmich Mironov and his wife Vasilisa Egorovna remained faithful to the state and the oath. Masha Mironova is a symbol of fidelity to a loved one. She faced a difficult choice - to save her life by marrying the traitor Shvabrin or remain faithful and wait for Grinev. Masha is so devoted to him that she endured everything and asked the empress to have mercy on him.

Emelyan Pugachev is presented as an extraordinary personality in the novel. He helps Grinev and Savelich on their way, remaining a stranger to them, and receives a hare sheepskin coat as a reward. Later, having recognized Peter, he pardons him, despite the fact that Grinev refused to take the oath to him. But it turned out that Pugachev remembers his good deed. Pugachev is a negative character, but he, too, to some extent remains faithful to his ideas, even though he goes against the Empress. In addition, we must pay tribute, Emelyan Pugachev fulfilled all the promises he made.

Treason and betrayal in the novel are personified by Shvabrin. For his own benefit, he betrayed his Motherland, desecrated the officer’s honor and betrayed the people who fought with him.

But life and circumstances sooner or later put everything in its place.

And even though it is still difficult for faithful and honest people, they endure many trials for the sake of what is sacred to them, but in the end their nobility will be rewarded. Traitors, although they live well for the time being, will be forced to answer for their misdeeds.

One of the topics of the final essay on literature for graduates of 2020 may be the topic “Loyalty and betrayal.”

When writing a paper, schoolchildren mistakenly begin to consider and compare these two concepts - fidelity and betrayal - exclusively from the point of view of romantic relationships. In fact, they are quite broad and versatile. Loyalty is not only perseverance in feelings, but also the fulfillment of one’s duties and debts, responsibility, perseverance, devotion and constancy. And betrayal is not only a violation of fidelity to a loved one, but also, in general, betrayal, infidelity, perfidy, apostasy.

In the essay, as recommended by FIPI, one should compare fidelity and betrayal as opposites, and they can be considered from any point of view: ethical, philosophical, psychological. Those students who do not limit themselves to mere reasoning, but also cite a variety of life, historical and literary examples in their essays, have a chance to improve their grade. The latter will not be difficult: fidelity and betrayal occur in the plots of many works. Will increase the appreciation and use of citations. Moreover, you can quote both ancient thinkers (“Only once do we lose life and trust” - the ancient Roman poet Publilius Sirus) and modern authors. For example, we can cite the words of the bard Vladimir Vysotsky: “In this world I value only loyalty. Without this, you are nothing and you have no one. In life, it is the only currency that will never depreciate.”

What could your essay on the topic “Loyalty and Betrayal” be about? You can consider these two concepts in the broadest sense, or you can turn only to the love sphere. Perhaps someone will want to write about loyalty to their homeland and high treason, while another will decide to describe these feelings in relation to friends or simply a person who trusted you. The specific topics of such an essay can be as narrow as possible: about loyalty and betrayal in relation to oneself, one’s goals, moral principles, religious beliefs, and also, for example, about the loyalty of pets to their owners.

An approximate list of literary works and carriers of problems in the direction of “Loyalty and betrayal”

Other directions of the final essay.