Commodity characteristics of decorative cosmetics. What is decorative cosmetics

Content
Introduction
From the history of cosmetics
About the meaning of cosmetics
General classification and characteristics of the range of cosmetic products
Characteristics of the range of decorative cosmetics
Reliability of cosmetics
Characteristics of quality indicators of decorative cosmetics
Factors influencing the preservation of the quality of cosmetic products
Market formation. Market objectives. The role of the market in stimulating production
Sales and advertising of cosmetic products
Expertise, quality control and certification of cosmetic products
Conclusion
References

Introduction
It is a sin if a woman looks less beautiful than she could be.
In recent decades, the consumption of cosmetic products throughout the world, including in our country, has been increasing. A huge number of new goods with new consumer properties, many previously unknown companies, both foreign and Russian, have appeared on the Russian market. A wide range and variety of cosmetic products, of course, is a positive factor, but it often makes us difficult when choosing one product or another. Intense and not always conscientious advertising often misleads consumers. Unfortunately, in domestic publications, assessments of cosmetic products are often given not by specialists, but, as a rule, by journalists, based on their consumer experience.
The range of decorative cosmetics produced by the industry is varied and includes the following types of products: foundation, powder, blush, lipsticks and lip glosses, eye shadow, mascara, eye pencils, eyebrow pencils, nail polishes. In terms of the number of products produced, decorative cosmetics occupy one of the leading places in the total production of cosmetics.
Decorative cosmetics are an integral part of the life of women's society. It helps to highlight the beauty of a woman’s face, give it individuality and hide minor imperfections. Cosmetics allow us to be closer to the external ideal and feel more confident.
Beauty and health should be taken care of daily and systematically. After all, the wise words of de Lenclos’ aphorism still remain in force: “There are no ugly women. There are only women who do not know how to make themselves beautiful.”
In my opinion, the topic of decorative cosmetics will always remain relevant.

From the history of cosmetics
The history of cosmetology dates back to ancient times. Already primitive people tried to keep their bodies clean and embellish their appearance. This is evidenced by the findings of archaeologists who studied the settlements of the ancients, and the works of ethnographers who studied the life of tribes that have survived to this day. Body painting, tattooing, and all kinds of balms were used in everyday life and for various rituals and religious ceremonies.
It is generally accepted that the birthplace of modern cosmetics is the Ancient East. Already in Ancient Egypt, cosmetics were used quite widely. The art of making cosmetics was mastered mainly by priests. Wealthy people used expensive methods to improve their appearance (both women and men wore makeup), using special substances, while less wealthy people used simple “folk” remedies. Taking care of appearance was of paramount importance for Egyptian women. In addition to eyebrow pencil, they were well aware of lipstick, nail polish, hair dye, scented water and other attributes of a modern woman’s arsenal. The acrid juice of some types of iris was used as a blush (skin irritation with this juice caused redness that persisted for a long time). In some cases, cosmetics had a preventive value. For example, eyeliner not only for women, but also for men prevented inflammation of the eyelids from the blinding sun and dry wind.
The famous Nefertiti, wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten, is considered the ideal of female beauty in ancient Egypt. The natural beauty of a perfect face was still helped by cosmetics: skin care, makeup, and jewelry were obvious. The design of the mouth, eyebrows, and eyes was emphasized with makeup, and the cheeks were also tinted. It is believed that she perfectly mastered the art of makeup.
From the 16th century. BC e. Methods of using powdered alabaster and honey as a cosmetic product, and dye compositions for coloring eyelids green and their edges black, have come down to us. Lips and cheeks were tinted with henna. The oldest lipstick was discovered during excavations in the Sumerian city of Ur (35 BC).
A special place in the history of cosmetology belongs to the cosmetics of Ancient India and Ancient China. In these countries there was a real cult of female beauty, to maintain and improve which they used mascara, white face paint, and nail polish. In China, it was customary for children to paint their cheeks with red paint in the shape of an apple, so that the Almighty, looking at the children, would be pleased, seeing that they were joyful and healthy. And here is what the Chinese sages said about the beauty of a woman: “It is better to admire a beauty while dressing in the morning after she has powdered her face.” And one more thing: “A wise woman can change every day, never exhausting her wonderful transformations...”
To blacken the eyes and eyebrows, Greek women used soot, adding the juice of astringent herbs or soot to it, and fixing it with a mixture of egg white and light resin. Lips and cheeks were reddened with red lead, or finely ground powders and compounds that caused a rush of blood to the cheeks.
In Ancient Rus', women wore makeup with all their might. So much so that they seemed simply painted with a brush. For cosmetic purposes, as in all other countries, mainly herbal remedies were used, the properties of which the pagans knew perfectly. For example, raspberry and cherry juice were used for blush and lipstick, and beets were rubbed on the cheeks. To make the skin white, they used wheat flour or chalk. Plants were also used to color hair, for example, onion skins were used to dye hair brown, and saffron and chamomile were used to dye hair white and yellow. Scarlet dye was obtained from barberry, crimson from young apple tree leaves, green from onion feathers, nettle leaves, yellow from saffron leaves, sorrel and alder bark, etc.
The first "Encyclopedia of Beauty" was published in Paris in 1806, it contained tips on how to make your skin more beautiful.
Late 19th – early 20th centuries. characterized by intensive development of cosmetic production. A feature of this period is the cult of natural materials and at the same time the use of substances obtained chemically. In addition, the requirements for cosmetics have changed, and their range has expanded.
Nowadays, the main rule when using cosmetics is to use high-quality cosmetics, provided they are harmless to the skin and body.
About the meaning of cosmetics
Perhaps there are also people who reject cosmetics, arguing that even the best cosmetics will not turn an ugly woman into a beauty and that a truly beautiful woman does not need cosmetics. However, this attitude towards cosmetics is fundamentally wrong. It could be compared with the statement that a smart person does not need school, but no school will help a stupid person. In the same way, there are no people so ugly that their appearance could not be improved through care and beautification.
Female beauty cannot be viewed only from the point of view of cold, businesslike aesthetics; female beauty is always associated with feelings; it must influence the emotions of those for whom a woman wants to be beautiful. A person’s personality is revealed in the methods of cosmetic care. It is not enough just to want to always be cosmetically in order, you also need to be able to do it correctly. A woman's natural desire to be beautiful is deeply rooted in the biological and social division of labor. Human beauty is not given once and for all - it is constantly changing. And in accordance with the development of taste as one of the components of culture, people try to look more beautiful.
General classification and characteristics of the range of cosmetic products
Cosmetic products include products (substances or preparations) intended for application to the human body for the purpose of cleansing, protecting and giving an attractive appearance. Cosmetics can have a preventive effect, but never a therapeutic one. The latter should be prescribed by doctors, and not chosen by consumers themselves.
There is currently no single generally accepted classification of cosmetic products. A standard for the classification and terminology of cosmetic products has not been developed. It is very difficult to make a clear classification of cosmetics. It is usually based on the properties declared by the manufacturer and often exaggerated for advertising purposes.
The general characteristics of the classification include the purpose and functional effect of cosmetics: hygienic, cosmetic, decorative, protective, therapeutic and prophylactic and special (Table 1). Here you should focus on their main function.
General classification of cosmetics
Table 1

Characteristics of the range of decorative cosmetics
The range of decorative cosmetics is divided into four groups depending on the intended use (purpose):
1) facial products
2) lip products
3) eye products
4) nail products.
See table. 2
A common feature of the classification of the range of decorative cosmetics is color(tone), the range of which depends on the type of cosmetics and fashion trends. Thus, cosmetics for lips and nails are produced in the same range, which does not differ in range from cosmetics for the face and eyes. In addition, decorative cosmetics vary in availability shine or its absence (matte surface), as well as the presence of pearlescent luster. All other characteristics of the classification of the range of decorative cosmetics are considered according to the above groups (see Fig. 1).

Decorative cosmetics for face
The background on which the eyes and lips are emphasized is the basis of all makeup. Depending on the condition and type of skin, problems may arise when using powder or foundation for makeup. Therefore, makeup begins with the selection of a cosmetic product, which is called a “makeup base” and is used to:
· make facial skin smooth, even, hide minor imperfections;
· moisturize the skin and create conditions for applying powder, foundation, blush;
· protect the skin from adverse environmental influences and decorative cosmetics containing dyes.
Assortment of decorative cosmetics
Table 2

When selecting basics It should be taken into account that its range varies according to skin type, consistency, shade and situation of use (for daily and evening makeup).
By consistency distinguish the basics:
§ liquid – light, suitable for any skin type, except very dry, and for any age;
§ cream – for dry and already middle-aged skin;
§ mousses – contain nutrients, ideal for dry skin;
§ hard – compact, contain powder, for any skin except very dry skin.
By shade The bases range from pink to dark yellow. The so-called additional foundations, which serve to correct the shape of the face, have colors unusual for the skin: green, lavender, white. An additional base is applied under the regular base layer, thereby giving it a tint. So, a white base is suitable for evening makeup and gives it a special tone. Determine the color of the foundation in natural light, applying a little product to the jawline. In this case, special attention should be paid to how the color combines with the skin of the face and neck. The base is applied to moistened skin of the face, neck, and décolleté with a cosmetic sponge (not your fingers), first pointwise, and then rubbed.
The final touch of makeup is applied to the skin. powders And blush.
The main decorative purpose of powder is to give the skin color and dullness, which is achieved by introducing pigments into its composition.
Foundations They have the basis of conventional emulsion creams for any skin, but pigments are introduced into them (5 - 10%). Therefore, the range of foundations is usually divided only by shade, for example “natural matte shade”.
Cream powder contains more pigments (up to 30%), therefore it has a thicker consistency. When applied to the skin with a dry sponge, it gives an effect close to powder, and when applied with a damp sponge, it acts like a foundation.
Concealing cream used for the skin under the eyes and masking minor defects. Companies produce such products in the form of series, for example, series developed by L'Oreal and Maybelline.
Masking pencils have an even thicker consistency. They have high coverage and therefore mask redness and skin imperfections. They may contain bactericidal components (masking pencils of the Lumene-Clear Jine series - with an antiseptic effect).
Compact (pressed) powder differs from powder in that when pressed, the pigment particles stick together tightly and, as a result, lie on the skin in a thicker layer. To improve compaction, a binder is added to the compact powder, which should not be too much, otherwise the powder becomes hard.
Blush Available in two varieties: hard(powdery, compact) and creamy(fat based). In terms of composition, the former are similar to dry eye shadows and powders, the latter are similar to creams and concealing pencils. Blush varies in shade. The range of solid (“dry”) blushes is wider, they are more popular than fat-based blushes. As a rule, blush is included in cosmetic sets with powder or eye shadow.
Decorative cosmetics for lips
The basis of good lip makeup is well-groomed skin without cracks or peeling. Therefore, all modern makeup products, like lip care products, contain vitamins, moisturizers and sunscreens. Lip makeup is preceded by cleansing - with non-alcoholic lotion and cosmetic milk, if long-lasting lipstick was previously used. Lip makeup is performed by three types of cosmetics:

1) contour pencil;
2) lip gloss;
3) lipstick.
Range lipsticks varied in color (tone), which is indicated by the tone number. Large companies produce several dozen tones. Thus, the Lumene series from Noiro, popular in Russia, includes 54 tones. The choice of color depends on age, the specific situation (day or evening makeup), and fashion trends. Lipsticks are divided into sustainable(leaving no traces when touched) and ordinary(soft, moisturizing, etc.). Not only waxes, but also liquid paraffin and silicones give lipstick durability. Sometimes on the labeling of long-lasting lipsticks there is a clarification - “kissproof” (kissproof, super-resistant), which relates more to advertising than to the characteristics of the lipstick. Long-lasting lipsticks are produced by Max Factor, L'Oreal, Noiro, Lancome and many others. The peculiarity of using long-lasting lipsticks is that after application they must set, for which you should not squeeze your lips for 1 - 2 minutes.
Moisturizing lipsticks are the least durable, so they are recommended to be used with a contour pencil and not applied during sports or on the beach. To increase the stability of ordinary lipstick, it is applied twice, after the first layer of lipstick, the lips are powdered, and the excess of the second layer is removed with a napkin.
Lip gloss– this is a cosmetic product for light lip makeup, occupies an intermediate position between hygienic and lipsticks. Sometimes the name indicates “lipstick-gloss”. Gloss is often applied to the lips with a brush - applicator. This cosmetic product is intended to protect lips, care for them, improve their natural color (natural makeup), instead of lipsticks to create light summer makeup. For evening makeup, gloss is applied to lipstick.
Lip gloss is produced in one color or several shades (from 2 to 10); it may contain pearlescent additives or reflective pigments, thanks to which the lips seem to glow. In addition, lip gloss can vary in smell and color of the jelly-like mass.
For natural or light makeup, gloss is used together with a contour pencil. When combined with lipstick, a lip liner enhances the longevity of your lip makeup. It is selected to match the color of lipstick or a little darker or lighter, which is fashionable now. Previously, it was customary to apply contour pencil before lipstick. Now makeup artists have come to the conclusion that you need to apply lipstick first, and then contour, so your lips look much more natural. Lip liners come in two types - a regular pencil in a wooden shell and a plastic shell with a retractable rod.
Decorative eye products
In decorative cosmetics, eye makeup is given the main importance. Today, almost 80% of young women in Europe prefer to wear makeup only on their eyes. Therefore, cosmetics manufacturers pay great attention to this group. To create a neat and long-lasting eye makeup, you should start by applying it to the eyelids. cream base for the eyelids, which are powdered on top, only after that use eye shadow. Not all companies produce cream base; it is included, for example, in the Lumene series. Depending from the composition of the eye shadow They are produced on a fat basis (close in composition to lipstick) and hard, produced only in compact forms (similar in composition to compact powder). The durability of makeup when using fat-based shadows is low, so they are almost never produced now. The range of eye shadows is divided into colors, shades and number of shades in packaging (1-, 2-, 3- and 4-color) and sets . According to the type of surface being created shadows are divided into matte, shiny and pearlescent. The choice in this case is determined by the direction of fashion and the tastes of the consumer. The eyeshadow package includes an applicator.
To emphasize or change the shape of the eyes, products such as eyeliner, eyeliner and eyebrow pencil.
Eye and eyebrow pencils differ only in color, with the colors of eye pencils being more varied.
Mechanical eyeliner is similar to eyeliner, but the eyeliner rod extends automatically and sharpens at the same time. This is a more convenient tool compared to a traditional pencil.
Liquid eyeliner is a new cosmetic product that allows you to very carefully emphasize the shape of the eyes, without putting pressure on the delicate skin of the eyelids. As a rule, liquid eyeliner contains useful additives. These are the most expensive cosmetic products.
After eye shadow and pencil, the most important cosmetic product for the eyes is mascara. Makeup, even the most sophisticated one, will not be complete without carefully tinted eyelashes. Mascara is presented in a fairly wide range (Table 3).
Hard mascara with a brush is almost never produced now, because... it is morally outdated. The modern assortment is represented by creamy mascara. Water resistance of mascara means that it does not form streaks when washed off with water or in the rain, but does not characterize its resistance to sweat and tears. On oily skin, mascara may also smear. It is difficult to remove. When choosing mascara, you should take into account the shape, size, thickness of the eyelashes and select a product that will eliminate imperfections. To ensure safety, the product must be tightly closed and the applicators and brushes should be washed periodically, especially when using mascara with a spare can.
Classification of the assortment of mascara
Table 3
SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT

Decorative nail products
The range of this group is represented by varnishes of a wide variety of shades and auxiliary products - thinners And varnish solvents, base, fixative, quick drying agent And cuticle remover.
Varnish – This is a solution of a film-forming polymer, including a plasticizer and a dye, in an organic solvent. Classic manicure is performed in several layers.
Bottom varnish (base)- This is, as a rule, a shiny varnish without dye or pigment. It forms a smooth varnish surface on the nail, on which you apply colored varnish, and as a result the varnish holds better. In addition, it is assumed that the base should prevent the possible harmful effects of the dye on the nail.
Top varnish (fixer)- This is a shiny, hard and durable varnish that should increase the durability of the nail polish. The base for the varnish and the fixer can be produced in one bottle. The most diverse range of colored nail polishes. Typically, companies produce a range of colors - up to 70 shades, from light to dark. Ultra series – luminescent colors of youth direction; They should only be used with a base, as they can leave yellow spots on the nails. Company "Intop S.L." produces chameleon varnish, the color of which changes in the sun; This is a version of youth club makeup.
There are a number of varnishes with the characteristic “quick-drying”. These are varnishes whose drying time is 1 - 2 minutes, and the rest of the varnishes - over 2 and 10 minutes. These varnishes can be coated with a quick drying agent such as Sally Hansen.
A manicure for problem nails involves using not a regular base, but a moisturizing base (Mary Kay) or a strengthening complex for nail care (Lumene series). Complete the nail makeup varnish fixers, for example the Nivea series, or protective varnish. The fixative is used after applying the varnish - it helps it dry, or used separately, instead of varnish. Protective varnish applied to colored varnish immediately after applying the varnish and for the next 2-3 days, which increases the durability of the colored varnish to two weeks.
Nail polish remover must be active enough to dissolve the nitrocellulose and synthetic resins contained in the varnish, which do not dissolve well. Acetone, which used to be the basis of all nail polish removers, does this perfectly. However, together with the varnish, it removes the fatty components of the nail plate, which makes it very brittle. In addition, acetone is poorly preserved, evaporating even from a closed bottle. Acetone is widely used today, but more modern preparations are based on various esters: ethyl, butyl, amyl acetate or mixtures thereof, as well as toluene and some alcohols. They have less effect on the nail plate. However, they still degrease it, so emollients (fat additives, waxes, etc.) are added to nail polish remover.
Developed for removing polish from particularly brittle and sensitive nails. creams And emulsions, in which waxes and fats are introduced in much larger quantities. Creams are recommended for brittle, peeling nails. They are a water-in-oil emulsion. The creams contain moisture-retaining (propylene glycol), strengthening ingredients, for example, low-molecular keratin derivatives, allantoin and a complex of vitamins. All this helps nails replenish lost fat and moisture, maintain shine and elasticity, and become stronger. Formaldehyde is added to creams intended for very soft nails.
Film mask released in liquid form. It is a nutritional concentrate with a gelling agent. This liquid hardens quickly and forms a durable film, which must be removed after a few hours. Active substances and a complex of vitamins promote the regeneration of the nail plate, restoring its structure.
Cuticle removers contain thioglycolic acid derivatives that can dissolve the keratin of the stratum corneum. To perform their function, an alkaline environment is required (pH 9 and above), therefore the basis of cuticle removers are solutions of sodium and potassium hydroxides. This method of cuticle removal has advantages over the traditional mechanical method, because he is bloodless. With a traditional manicure, nail clippers can damage the growth zone of the nail. However, the presence of potent substances in cuticle remover preparations is also unsafe, so it is necessary to strictly follow the instructions for their use.

Reliability of cosmetics
The reliability of cosmetic products is associated, first of all, with their shelf life and is determined expiration date, which can be from several months to 3 years. A longer shelf life of cosmetics should prompt careful attention to its composition, and above all to the type and amount of preservative.
The shelf life of domestic cosmetics is determined by regulatory documents (Table 4). However, when using new, higher-quality preservatives, the shelf life increases, therefore, in the production of cosmetics, the practice has developed of establishing the shelf life by the manufacturer himself, which is based on the formulation of the product. The shelf life is confirmed by accelerated aging tests. Thus, it is customary for French manufacturers to keep the product at 40°C for a week and at minus 40°C for a second; If the properties of cosmetics have not changed, its shelf life is more than 30 months. Moreover, this period is not indicated in the labeling according to EU Directives 76/768 (only a period of less than 30 months is indicated). Russian rules require mandatory indication of the expiration date, so now foreign companies supplying cosmetic products to our country always indicate the expiration date.
The French Association of Cosmetics Manufacturers pays great attention to product quality and believes that cosmetic products should be sold within 3 months. After their production. After all, the buyer can use the product for a long time, and the product has already been opened.

Shelf life of decorative cosmetics
Table 4

During the aging process, the following may change: color, smell, taste (lipsticks). Thus, during storage of lipstick, chemical oxidation processes can occur, as a result of which a rancid smell appears, compactions are noted in the mass, and color changes.
Security Properties cosmetic products are no less important than functional ones. The safety of cosmetics is influenced by the following factors:
ü composition;
ü quality of initial components;
ü technological process of production;
ü packaging and packing;
ü conditions of storage and sale;
ü conditions of consumption.
At each stage of the life cycle, certain processes may occur in cosmetic products that cause changes that are dangerous to human health. Therefore, to check the safety of cosmetic products, a set of tests is carried out, almost identical to those in Europe. So it is in Russia. Cosmetic products made according to a new recipe are checked especially carefully. Test complex chemical indicators many cosmetic products include a definition pH value, acid number. All these indicators determine the impact of cosmetics on human skin. Cosmetics should not contain toxic elements– lead, mercury, arsenic.
During production, packaging, use and storage, cosmetics can be contaminated to varying degrees by microorganisms, which can continue to develop in the cosmetic product, leading to its deterioration. Therefore, most cosmetic products are tested for microbiological safety. To suppress the development of colonies of microorganisms, inhibitors and preservatives are introduced into cosmetic products. At the production and packaging stage, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of sterility and asepsis. This can only be achieved with complete automation of the process. It is especially important to maintain the sterility of decorative eye cosmetics.
Contamination by microorganisms can also occur at the stage of use of products, when the package is opened multiple times. This applies primarily to products packaged in wide-mouth jars, because... a large surface of the product interacts with the environment and human hands. The best packaging is tubes, bottles with a small opening and a dispensing device. If you have already started using the product, then it is better to use it sooner, therefore, it is better to buy cosmetics in small packages. It is advisable to use products in large packaging not for personal purposes, but for professional use.
All cosmetic products are a complex, multi-component system, which includes fatty, structure-forming, surfactants, dyes, special additives (antimicrobial, photoprotective, etc.), biologically active substances (vitamins), etc. Therefore, careful evaluation is necessary toxicological properties in order to ensure the release of high-quality products that are harmless to the consumer. The toxicological research program includes the study of both the ingredients of cosmetics and finished products, taking into account their purpose and conditions of use. Toxicology studies the effects of chemicals on the body of animals, establishes safe levels of exposure, and makes it possible to regulate the content of ingredients in the formulations of finished products. When conducting toxicological studies, the following is determined:
1. Acute toxicity (in cosmetics they are allowed for use in at least hazard class 4, sometimes 3);
2. Chronic toxicity (with long-term use)
3. Skin-resorptive effect;
4. Irritating effect;
5. Sensitizing (allergenic) effect.
Due to the high biological activity of cosmetics, the possibility of their penetration into the human body through the skin barrier and mucous membrane, as well as the subsequent effect on individual organs and systems, cosmetics must be subjected to clinical trials in order to establish their harmlessness to humans. This is all the more important because in everyday life cosmetics are used constantly and for a long time.
When studying the safety of cosmetics, it should be taken into account that there is a real possibility of some of them getting into the respiratory tract (powder), on the mucous membrane of the eyes (mascara), and on the mucous membrane of the lips (lipsticks).
Clinical trials on volunteer probants are carried out only if the results of chemical, microbiological and toxicological tests are positive. Safety assessment is based on the effect of the product on the skin and the general condition of a person. The issue of the safety of a cosmetic product for widespread use is resolved only after the positive results of all studies.
Characteristics of quality indicators of decorative cosmetics
The range of quality indicators for decorative cosmetics products is determined not only by their purpose, but also by their composition. Requirements for the quality of lipsticks, gloss, lip balms, eye shadows, blush and pencils for lips, eyelids, eyebrows made on a fat basis are determined by GOST 28767 - 90.
The most important components of such products are wax (beeswax, carnauba), which imparts plasticity, durability, and the ability not to spread, and oils (castor, cocoa butter, etc.), which act as softening components and dye solvents. Vitamins E, A, ceramides, extracts, and sunscreen substances are added as useful additives.
The main physical and chemical indicators of such goods are dropping point, and for lipsticks - acidic And carbonyl numbers (Table 5). The drip temperature of decorative products must be optimal. At a low drop point, cosmetics “drip” from the face, lips, eyelids, and at a high drop point, they are poorly applied to the skin and have difficulty covering it. The quality of the fatty ingredients of animal and plant origin used is characterized by carbonyl and acid numbers. Spoiled fatty components give lipstick a bitter taste, lumpyness, and rancid smell.

Table 5
Physico-chemical indicators of fat-based decorative products

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A woman's look will not be complete without perfect makeup. It is performed using decorative cosmetics from different brands, thanks to which it is possible to even out the skin, hide facial imperfections and highlight its advantages. Currently, there is a huge range of makeup products on the market. Each representative of the fair sex needs to be able to select high-quality cosmetics taking into account the characteristics of her appearance.

What is decorative cosmetics

Decorative cosmetics are everything that women need to decorate their face and create an image. What applies to the contents of the cosmetic bag:

• Mascara;
• shimmer;
• eyeshadow;
• primer;
• powder;
• mascara, shadows, gel, eyebrow pencil;
• eyeliner;
• highlighter;
• Foundation;
• makeup base;
• face correctors;
• bronzer;
• blush;
• lip gloss;
• Eyeliner;
• lipstick.

Some names need to be described in more detail:

1. Powder. Serves to mattify the skin and fix makeup. It can be crumbly, compact, creamy, transparent. May contain shimmering flecks to add radiance to skin.
2. Blush. They can be crumbly, baked, liquid, compact, gel, creamy.
3. Shadows. There are compact, cream, pencil-shaped ones.
4. Mascara. It comes in regular and waterproof.
5. Concealer. It should have a uniform consistency without clots or lumps. Minor delamination is acceptable.

Professional cosmetics for makeup artists

People who specialize in applying makeup use a professional cosmetic line, because they place high demands on it. Cosmetics for professional make-up must have convenient packaging, preferably with transparent, easy-to-open lids, so that the specialist can quickly select the desired shade and use it. As a rule, all decorative products are produced in large-volume tubes, because makeup artists spend a lot.

The main requirement for professional cosmetics is high quality. It must perform its functions flawlessly and last a long time. Makeup done with professional products does not smudge or fall off for many hours. Specialized products may contain aggressive components for durability and shelf life, but they will not cause significant harm, because they are not intended for daily use, but for certain cases, for example, taking photos.

Composition

Its quality and safety directly depend on the components. The presence of substances that can cause allergies or irritation is unacceptable. May include:

1. Silk proteins in powder or foundation. Gives skin shine and restores normal moisture levels.
2. Magnesium and zinc sulfate. Cools, softens, relieves irritation.
3. Lactic acid. Moisturizes, conditions.
4. Parsol. It prevents collagen in skin cells from being destroyed and prevents the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation.
5. Wheat germ extract, vitamin E. Helps improve blood circulation, stimulates the growth of new cells.
6. Camphor essence. Soothes, cleanses.
7. Sesame oil. Prevents drying out.
8. Hydroviton. Has an anti-inflammatory effect.
9. Primrose oil. Tones and provides the skin with polyunsaturated acids.

Based on the components included in the composition, the following types of cosmetics are distinguished:

• natural;
• children's;
• mineral;
• medicinal;
• organic.

Natural

This category includes products that are created from natural raw materials, which are processed and purified in environmentally friendly ways. Natural decorative cosmetics benefit the skin, support and stimulate it, and are absolutely harmless to health:

• no chemical dyes, flavors, preservatives;
• not tested on animals;
• produced without the use of petroleum products in the process.
• Natural cosmetics must not contain:
• radioactive substances;
• chemical raw materials;
• nanoparticles

Due to the lack of preservatives, the shelf life is not very long. To prolong it, natural antiseptics (plant extracts, essential oils) are added. The most common components:

• immortelle;
• tea tree oil;
• myrtle;
• jojoba oil;
• almond;
• Shea Butter;
• verdon;
• avocado oil;
• juniper;
• arnica;
• shea butter;
• angelica;
• milk;
• rose;
• peony;
• lavender;
• cherry blossoms;
• verbena.

Advantages:

• suitable for sensitive skin, pregnant women;
• safe for the environment and humans;
• not addictive.

Mineral

Mineral decorative cosmetics do not contain oils, alcohol, preservatives, harmful dyes, fragrances, or talc. It is hypoallergenic and suitable for any skin type. In addition, it has the following advantages:

• protects against ultraviolet rays;
• does not dry out the skin;
• removes oily shine;
• very resistant;
• waterproof;
• does not clog pores;
• soothes and heals the skin;
• masks defects;
• suitable for people with acne;
• can be stored for a long time.

The composition may include the following components:

1. Mika sericite. Improves the structure of the product. Does not clog pores, increases the adhesion of other components to the skin, provides uniform coverage, and mattifies.
2. Silk mika. Provides a satin finish with a subtle shimmer.
3. Titanium dioxide. Protects against UV rays, helps to obtain the desired tone of a particular product.
4. Zinc oxide. Dries, relieves inflammation, evens out tone.
5. Boron nitrite. Gives the product a creamy structure, increases the durability of makeup, masks unevenness, and makes the skin silky.
6. Kaolin. Absorbs fat.
7. Silica. Hides wrinkles and large pores, eliminates oily shine, and increases the durability of makeup.
8. Iron oxides. Pigments range from black to brownish-red.
9. Bismuth oxychloride. Gives decorative products a metallic sheen.
10. Quartz, carbon, ultramarine, indigo. Coloring pigments.

The following components are of non-mineral origin:

1. Allantoin. Restores skin and retains moisture.
2. Silk powder. Removes excess fat, mattifies, heals, relieves inflammation.
3. Magnesium stearate. Improves the adhesion of components and prevents them from forming clumps, hiding skin defects.
4. Pearl powder. Gives elasticity, silkiness, mattifies.

Organic

In cosmetics belonging to this group, all components are plant-based. It is safe, it is made from raw materials grown in natural, clean conditions (soil, air, water), without the use of chemicals. This type is often produced by German and Swedish companies. The packaging must have a complete list of ingredients. The maximum level of synthetic components does not exceed 5%, and all of them must be approved by bio-standards.

Medical

This category is expensive and is sold in pharmacy chains. Therapeutic cosmetics for problem skin are widely used. It contains components of medical preparations (calcium gluconate, dexpanthenol, zinc oxide, etc.), cosmetic components (collagen, thermal water, hyaluronic acid, plant extracts, urea). As a rule, cosmetics contain no more than ten ingredients.

Options for medicinal cosmetics:

• vitaminized foundation creams with UV filters;
• mineral powders with plant extracts;
• moisturizing preparations for dry skin with hyaluronic acid, natural oils, red and green tea extracts;
• foundation creams for oily skin with zinc, vitamins B6 and B2, sulfur (reduce the activity of the sebaceous glands);
• products with bisabol, calendula and chamomile extracts for problematic skin prone to rashes.

Children's

The safety and necessity of products for little fashionistas raises doubts among many parents. According to manufacturers, children's decorative cosmetics for girls are made from harmless ingredients of natural origin. The presence of vegetable oils, extracts, glycerin, beeswax, glycerin, and vitamins is welcome. The decision about whether to buy cosmetics for their daughter should be made individually by each parent. If it is positive, make sure that your cosmetics do not contain the following ingredients:

• parabens;
• triclosan;
• sodium lauryl sulfate;
• formaldehyde;
• alcohol

Decorative cosmetics

There are several areas in which modern manufacturers operate. Types of decorative cosmetics are divided into classes that differ in composition, properties, purpose, quality and, most importantly, price range. Some products can be bought for almost nothing in any supermarket, while others need to be looked for in specialized stores and paid an impressive amount for them. By cost there is the following classification of products:

• elite;
• middle class;
• mass market.

Elite

Cosmetics of this class are the most expensive and are sold in specialized stores. Peculiarities:

• often produced in limited editions;
• if the composition contains preservatives, they are of natural origin: tea tree oil, colloidal silver, benzoic acid, purified propolis;
• the goods are very beautifully packaged;
• contains at least 80% natural ingredients;
• high quality products, created using high-tech modern formulas;
• no side effects;
• availability of quality certificates.

The most popular luxury brands:

• Dior;
• Guerlain;
• Chanel.

Middle class

Middle market cosmetics are much cheaper than elite ones. It can contain from 30 to 60% natural ingredients. All preservatives must be non-toxic, made from plant materials (parabens, benzoates). It is worth noting that middle-class cosmetics can be addictive, so any product of the same brand should be used for no more than six months.

The middle market segment, as a rule, is well advertised. Manufacturers adhere to policies that allow them to achieve maximum sales volumes. The main requirement for each product is comfort in everything. She is the most popular. The reason is that women pay a lot of attention to personal care and are no longer ready to use mass-market products, the quality of which is questionable, but only a few of the elite class can afford.

The most famous Middle market brands:

• Loreal;
• Revlon;
• Pupa.

Mass market

The most budget class of products. Mass market products are produced in large quantities and contain many toxic substances, petroleum products, and artificial preservatives. It is worth saying honestly that such products have a negative effect on the skin and cause harm to it. As a rule, information on packaging about certain beneficial properties is nothing more than a deceptive marketing ploy.

Mass market brands:

• Ruby rose;
• Eveline;
• Lumene.

Brands

Whatever the quality of the product, for most women the deciding factor when purchasing is its price. A girl will not buy something that she cannot afford, even if the effect of this product is simply magical. To make it easier for you to navigate the huge number of market offers, check out the pricing policy offered by the most popular cosmetic manufacturers in the ranking.

Loreal

Approximate price range for Moscow:

• mascara – 200-650 rubles;
• contour pencils and eyeliners – 250-555 rubles;
• shadows – 330-1050 rubles;
• for eyebrows – 290-680 rubles;
• primers – 410-700 RUR;
• foundation – RUB 395-910;
• corrective products - 300-550 rubles;
• powder – 350-490 rubles;
• blush – 350-365 rubles;
• lip gloss – 305-485 rubles;
• lipstick – 290-1050 rubles;
• nail polish – 250-265 rub.

Maybelline

Brand prices (in rubles):

• mascara – 150-460;
• contour pencils and eyeliners – 153-455;
• shadows – 180-805;
• for eyebrows – 285-385;
• foundation – 265-490;
• corrective agents – 210-690;
• powder – 265-490;
• blush – 255-265;
• lip gloss – 130-220;
• lipstick – 195-690.

People began using cosmetics more than 5 thousand years ago: the pharaohs used eyeliner, the inhabitants of Ancient Rome tinted their lips with fucus. But if in the past makeup had a ritual meaning and emphasized belonging to a certain class, today makeup is primarily a tool for creating an image. Everything that can be used for this is decorative cosmetics. We will talk about the basic products that are necessary for beautiful everyday makeup and correction of aesthetic imperfections.

What applies to decorative cosmetics

Decorate - “to decorate” in translation from English, which means that the list of decorative cosmetics includes all beauty products that allow you to make your face more expressive and harmonious. Among the main ones:

• Foundations - foundations, creams, mousses, pigmented moisturizing serums, powders. You need to choose them taking into account the characteristics of your own skin color and texture and the desired result. For example, for natural makeup, the best foundation is one that matches the skin tone of your neck. For a seductive summer make-up, you can use shimmering powder or bronzer.
• Correction - concealers, spot correctors, contouring palettes, which allow you to literally sculpt your face by placing dark and light accents.
• Blush - cream, pressed, gel, liquid. They help highlight cheekbones and give a natural glow.
• Decorative products for lips - contour pencils, lipstick, tint, lip glosses with glossy, dense, matte and shimmering textures. They make it possible to emphasize the lips, adjust their shape and visually increase volume.
• Eye products - liquid and gel eyeliner, marker liners, pencils and shadows for eyebrows and eyes, mascara.

There are also auxiliary products, thanks to which decorative cosmetics will give a more expressive result. These include, for example, primers and other makeup bases that extend the life of the makeup, highlighters that create highlights for a natural glow, and illuminizers with light-diffusing particles that provide an even skin tone.

Beautiful cosmetics for everyone

There is an impressively wide arsenal of decorative cosmetics that allow you to transform your appearance with any “initial data”. Everyone has their own best beauty products. It is worth remembering that first of all they must match your skin type:

• normal - does not require complex care and allows you to experiment with any budget and premium products;
• dry - requires hydration, often has reduced tone, is prone to flaking; cream foundations and mousses, blush sticks and other products with a similar consistency are optimal for such skin.
• oily - due to increased activity of the sebaceous glands, it is prone to oily sheen, inflammation and irritation. The best decorative cosmetics for such skin should be light, watery and “breathable”, without a film effect. The most successful option is mineral powders with absorbent particles, loose shadows and blush, natural products with organic additives that normalize the condition of the epidermis. Under makeup, you should use a base that prevents pores from clogging and prolongs the makeup.
• combined - in this case, the T-zone may be prone to oiliness, and the rest of the face, on the contrary, is dry and prone to flaking. A good primer, on top of which any foundation will ideally lay, can balance this imbalance.
• problematic - if the skin has pimples, post-acne, localized inflammation and other defects, it is necessary to correct them before applying the tone and accents. Redness is neutralized with the help of green concealers, yellowness is removed with violet-lavender correctors, pigment spots in cool shades - pink and peach-orange.

Over time, the skin loses its elasticity, wrinkles become more pronounced, and in order for cosmetics to fit better, you need to smooth out the relief. It is worth using a silk primer on the face, a silicone one around the lips, and a concealer to eliminate dark circles under the eyes and age spots. It is better to apply a base under the shadows - it will simplify blending and extend the life of the makeup.

In addition, you need to choose decorative cosmetics taking into account your usual images. For those who love nude-look and the most natural daytime makeup, a high-quality foundation, mascara, eye and eyebrow pencil and gloss in 1-2 win-win shades are enough. For a glam look with Dior's eyeliner and bright lips, you need a larger arsenal of products. Fans of professional contouring, strobing, backing and other techniques of facial correction using cosmetics will have the most solid cosmetic bag.

• The primer will make any makeup more durable and even out skin tone. It is applied to clean skin as the first layer. You can move on to foundation only after the base has completely dried.
• In daytime looks, it is quite possible to replace dense and “heavy” foundation with BB or CC products with micropigments.
• If you don’t have time for full makeup, it’s enough to adjust your eyebrows, apply blush and lip gloss in a natural berry shade.
• In makeup, one accent is enough: you can professionally highlight your eyes using the smoky eyes technique or choose lipstick in a trendy dark color - but not all at once.
• Makeup removal should become a mandatory evening ritual: only with regular cleansing and skin care can you be sure that your makeup will look neat.

The word "cosmetics" comes from the Greek phrase "the art of decoration." At one time, this concept meant an entire science that studied ways to change one’s appearance or maintain its attractiveness.

Speaking of ordinary cosmetics, we mean face and body creams, toothpaste, shower gels, and caring lotions. Interestingly, the word “decor” is also translated as “decoration”. Accordingly, decorative cosmetics are created so that any woman can turn herself into a beauty.

So, decorative cosmetics include products with which you can transform yourself - a little or radically. Decorative cosmetics come in several types. We will talk about the main ones.

Concealer

Just imagine that foundation appeared several thousand years ago. Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks actively used it to disguise minor imperfections. Only, unlike modern products, their arsenal included chalk and lead white, and the first foundation appeared only at the beginning of the 20th century. You have the opportunity to choose between light textures and thicker ones, creamy or dry, mattifying and giving a barely noticeable tan.

We are no longer talking about the fact that for small pimples or dark circles there is a concealer, for a base for makeup - BB cream, for a base for professional makeup for photography - a foundation, and for every day - a cushion and a stick. The basis of modern foundations are silicone oils, pigments, moisturizing components, and you can also find products with the addition of salicylic acid, which helps get rid of acne.

Powder is a mixture of mineral and organic substances. It mattifies the skin, hides redness, protects the skin from dust and dirt from the external environment, and also fixes makeup. There are several types of powder.

• Loose powder has this texture due to the small particles that make it up. With its help you can create velvety skin without the effect of a mask. As a rule, it is with translucent loose powder on top of foundation that you complete your makeup. It must be applied with a large fluffy brush. Be sure to shake off excess before applying.
• Compact powder can be either light in texture or dense. This powder is a great option to put in your bag and carry with you. It is small, and comes with a mirror and a sponge or brush. A powder puff and sponge will give a denser finish, while a brush will give a more transparent finish.
• Cream powder has become popular relatively recently. It combines the functions of powder and foundation: mattifies and corrects at the same time. Ideal for quick makeup.
• Transparent powder is designed to remove oily shine and set makeup. Place it on a brush or puff and powder the T-zone.

Shimmering particles are often added to the powder, which are visible on the skin only at a certain angle of incidence of light.

A slight blush indicates that the woman is healthy. That's why it attracts the opposite sex so much. Women in Ancient Egypt crushed mulberries and rubbed them into their cheeks, and in Ancient Greece, blush was created from beets or strawberries. The Queen of France, Catherine de Medici, was a lover of a beautiful blush, and the image of a Russian beauty is not complete without glowing red cheeks.

Nowadays, you can give your face a healthy look in an endless number of ways. There are loose, roll-on, liquid, cream and gel blush, as well as compact and baked ones. Also, if you forgot your blush at home, you can replace it with pink gloss or lipstick, pink eye shadow or even lip liner. Also, modern girls often prefer tints to blush, which we wrote in more detail in.

Eyeshadow, eyeliner and mascara

Eye makeup is the most complex and most interesting technique. Having mastered it, you can visually enlarge your eyes or give them additional expressiveness.

• There are countless shades of eye shadow for any type and color of eyes. You can also use the texture that suits you: dry or.

• Eyeliner and mascara are the products that usually complement eye makeup. With a pencil you can outline the contour of the eyes, draw the space between eyelashes, and also make arrows.

• Mascara is something most girls don’t go out without. Sometimes just mascara and gloss are enough to do express makeup. It’s not for nothing that they say that a woman can conquer with just one look.

Eyebrow pencil and shadow

Thick eyebrows are the most popular trend of our time. Refined ladies of the twentieth century with string eyebrows would be horrified at the sight of Cara Delevingne. But modern beauties boldly accepted this fashion - and did not regret it.

In order to draw or highlight eyebrows, girls use eyebrow pencil, eyebrow gel, eyebrow shadow and even. And also a comb - it combs and shades. In addition, it can be used to apply various products, for example, a transparent fixative gel.

Lipstick

The skin of the lips is very sensitive, so it is important to choose products from trusted manufacturers and follow the basic rules:

• Before applying lipstick, moisten your lips with balm and wait 2-3 minutes until it is absorbed.

• Depending on the main function, moisturizing, nourishing, and hygienic lipsticks are distinguished.

• The finish of the lipstick can be matte, glossy, satin, dense, translucent.
• There are lipsticks that increase volume, visually whiten teeth, give lips shine, and hide imperfections. Lipstick can be applied with a brush, sponge or finger.

To ensure that the lipstick does not smear and also lasts longer before application, outline the contour of your lips with a pencil of the same color, and then paint your lips completely with it (you can read about what else to do to extend the durability of the lipstick). Complete your lip makeup by dusting them with translucent powder with shimmer.