Crown of the Russian Empire from what is made. The crown of jewelry skill is the famous Crown of the Russian Empire

Big imperial crown. Currently, the large imperial crown is located in the diamond fund of the Russian Federation. The big imperial Corooner Russian Empire is the main symbol of the Russian monarchs.

This is impossible due to a number of reasons: the diamonds of the royal crown have outdated cut. The majestic drawing of the crown is not only beautiful, but also filled with deep meaning. The crown is depicted at the foot of the Empress in the ensemble of the monument of Catherine II in the square of the Alexandrin theater in St. Petersburg.

Catherine II, having risen on the throne after Peter III did not have time to confuse, ordered the famous major imperial crown, which in the future all its descendants are crowned (now in the diamond fund). Until the revolution, only 2 of these crown remained. In addition, the "wedding crowns" of brides were also similar to a certain period, although then one preserved was stacked.

The imperial wedding crown (1840/1884) is a diamond wedding crown of the work of the famous St. Petersburg firm "Bolin". Crown Elizabeth Petrovna (1742) - was performed by Jeweler I. G. The karto, who helped Russian and foreign masters and students.

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The coat of arms crowned the Finnish Crown. This crown does not really exist, but due to the highest command of 1857, she had to be depicted in the coat of arms of the Finnish provinces and the city of Helsingfors (now Helsinki). But in the Finnish essays, the emblem of the Grand Duchy was represented by the crown of the Western European Great Principles. T. LXX. - St. Petersburg., 2013. - P. 102-114; Bykov Yu. And .. On the question of the authorship of the coronation regalia of the Empress Anna John // Moscow Kremlin in the state life of Russia.

Part of the exhibits for the project is provided by the Russian archives and the largest museums, including the Hermitage, but the main mass of them left the Armory Chamber for the first time in a few decades. The crown crowns a rare gem bright red - a noble spinel of 398.72 karat. It is not surprising that this crown became the main imperial regalia - all Russian emperors were crowned. In the crown of 1393 diamond, the total weight of 586.92 carats, as well as 2167 diamonds of the rose cut, silver 256.96 g, the gold of 2.26 is now presented and the meeting of the Russian Diamond Fund.

As well as the crown, the Power was made for the coronation of Empress Catherine II Great Court Jeweler Georg-Friedrich Ekarta. Momomakh hat is the main regalia of Russian great princes and kings. Symbol-crown autocracy in Russia.

It was made in 1682 for the "duet" wedding of the young Peter I on the kingdom - the real hat of Monomakh was on his head of his brother Ivan V. Apparently, no one used this cap. In the center of each "town" - a large gem or a big pearl. Below to the crown is attached to the sobular fur, traditional for this type of crown - "hats".

Today, this crown marches the coat of arms of Astrakhan. It was redone from the silver crown of Peter I, in which the jewelers mounted about 2500 diamonds, rubies. The Empress Elizabeth Petrovna was crowned in the same crown 20 years later. In 1822, the Barma was found by the royal archaeologists and are given to the Armory Chamber.

A copy made by Smolenic Diamonds in 2012. The authors did not set the task to repeat the original. The bottom of the hemispheres cover the laurel branches - the symbol of power and glory, and in the figure of the garlands between the hemispheres are placed oak leaves and ramps, which symbolizes the fortress and strength of power. In the Russian kingdom, the caps of the Russian kingdom were used, in particular, for coronations - the Cap of Monomakh.

Also in the Russian Empire used an ancient royal crown, which does not actually exist. It is included in the large imperial crown. The big imperial crown is made in the form of a headdress. It is composed of two silver hemispheres, personifying the union of the East and West in the territory of the Russian Empire.

In its creation, two masters took their direct participation: the court jeweler named George Friedrich Ekart and a diamond professional professional - Jeremiah Pozone.

Task maximum

The crown of the Russian Empire (photo of which is given in this article) I saw the light in the distance in 1762. She was ordered especially in order to produce the coronation of the spouse then the late Peter III - Catherine II. Ecart was charged with the creation of sketches of the future crown, and the posture is the direct selection of gems.

The most important condition set in front of the masters was this: in no case to prevent the large imperial crown of the Russian Empire to be harder than two kilograms. It should be noted that this condition was respected with maximum accuracy. Weeding ready jewelry 1993.8 grams.

In independence, from the complexity of its design, the headdress of the future empress Catherine II was created for relatively small juice - in a couple of months.

Appearance and symbolism

It is curious that the form of the finished jewelry was performed in oriental traditions. The Crown of the Russian Empire is divided into two silver hemispheres, symbolizing the municipality of the West and the East. The majestic drawing of this product is not only beautiful, but also filled with a very deep meaning: the laurel branches in its lower part symbolize the glory, and also acorns are the strength and fortress of the imperial power.

As for its size, the height is 27.5 centimeters, and the length of the inner opening is 64 centimeters.

The Crown of the Russian Empire consists of more than 5 thousand precious stones. Of these, exactly 4936 is the total weight of which - 2858 carats! In addition to diamonds in the crown, the pearls needed to underline all the beauty of the diamond lace were used. Precious metals included in the decoration of this jewelry were silver and gold. The crown of the head of the head - very rare gem of the red color called

Popular and famous

The big imperial crown so closely "passed on the court" that, after Catherine II, this headdress was a prerequisite for the coronation of all subsequent emperors, starting with Paul I and ending with the last of the Romanov dynasty - Nikolai II.

Today we can safely declare that this crown is the most famous of all its predecessors and sequences before the sunset of the Romanov monarchy in Russia.

In 1984, this unique jewelry monument was solemnly renovated by Jewelers Aleksakhin G.F. and artist Sitnikov V.G. Today, this unique jewelry is among the most unique exhibits (imperial power and silepter) of Russia.

Last time...

The most recent case when the Crown of the Russian Empire was used, was the state event of 1906 - a solemn ceremony on the occasion of the opening in which the last owner of the Russian land was participating - Nikolai II Romanov.

The main symbol of the Russian monarchs is the large imperial crown of the Russian Empire, ordered by Catherine II Great for Coronation in 1762, was created according to the sketch of the court jeweler George Friedrich Ekarta and Diamond Affairs Masters of Jeremi Poseia (1716-1779), in just two months ...

The big imperial crown is made in the form of a headdress for rarity elegant shape and successfully found proportions - this is all merit George Friedrich Ekarta.

Diamond Affairs Master Eremee Petrovich Pozia He was engaged in the selection of diamonds and gems for this jewelry miracle. The task was far away - the master recited in silver 4936 diamonds weighing 2858 carats. Jeweler Pozone revealed the beauty of the stones, very skillfully used the flickering of diamonds, the game of gems, combined with the matte calmness of pearls.

The sparkling of the diamond lace is underlined by two rows of large matte pearls, only 75 pieces, a total weight of 763 carats. The crown crowns a rare gem of bright red color - a noble ruby \u200b\u200bspinel (Ruby Spinel) of 398,72 carats. The famous Ruby from the crown Elizabeth Petrovna, the one that acquired in 1676 in the Chinese Emperor Kansei participant of the Russian delegation to China Nikolai Spafarius, prominent Russian diplomat, politician.
The empress put one condition - the weight of the crown should not exceed 5 pounds (or 2.27 kg)

The height of a large imperial crown with a cross is 27.5 cm. The length of the lower circle is 64 cm. The mass of the crown is 1993.80 grams.

The majestic drawing of the crown is not only beautiful, but is filled with deep meaning, the imperial crown is made up of two silver hemispheres, personifying the union of the East and West in the territory of the Russian Empire.

From the bottom, the hemispheres are covered by the laurel branches - the symbol of power and fame, and in the figure of the garland between the hemispheres are placed oak leaves and aches, symbolizing the fortress and the inviolability of power.

The big imperial crown of the Russian Empire was used as imperial regalia from 1762 to 1917, all the emperors of Russia were crowned with this crown after 1762:

Ekaterina II (1762)

Peter III (1797 posthumously crown Paul I)

Paul I (1797)

Alexander I (1801)

Nicholas I (1826)

Alexander II (1855)

Alexander III (1883)

Nicholas II (1896 g).

By the decree of Peter I, the storage of particularly valuable things belonging to the state was created in 1719, a diamond roomwhere the main jewelry, and the order signs and other state regalia, which were used by monarchs during coronation and other important solemn state ceremonies.

The last time the big imperial crown was used by the last emperor of Russia Nikolai II in 1906 At the opening ceremony of the First State Duma.

After the October Revolution in 1922, all values \u200b\u200band regalia of the imperial authorities were transferred to Gokhran Russia. The big imperial crown of the Russian Empire served as a property deposit for $ 25,000 for state treasury. The main mortgor was the Minister of Finance of Ireland Michael Collins, and the Big Imperial Crown until 1938 was kept in the house of Ambassador Ireland Harry Bryand.

In 1948, the new government of Ireland wanted to sell all the collateral royal jewels of Russia at auction in London. However, after a long consultation with the Soviet ambassador, it was decided to return all the relics to their homeland, in exchange for the amount of $ 25,000.

The large imperial crown of the Russian Empire was returned to Russia in 1950 after complying with the loan return procedure and is kept in the diamond fund of the Russian Federation, where all Russian relics of history, jewelry monuments, precious stones and nuggets are collected and stored.

Since 1967, the imperial crown has been exposed to review in one of the halls of the Russian Diamond Fund at the Moscow Kremlin Museum, which exhibits an integral part foundation Gokhra Russia.

A unique monument of jewelry art was renovated in 1984. Materials are used - silver, gold, diamonds, pearls, spinel.

In 2012, Smolenic diamonds created a copy of the large imperial crown of the Russian Empire.

The luxury and radiance of the diamond fund exhibits simply rolls. Despite the fact that many jewels by the Bolsheviks were sold out at auctions, this museum has something to be proud of.

The diamond foundation is located in the building of the Armory, takes two halls in it.
Peter I can be considered the founder by law. It was he who in 1719 gathered all the jewels in one of the rooms. In the middle of the 18th century they were moved to the Winter Palace, in the diamond room.
But war began, and in the summer of 2014 the collection was urgently evacuated to Moscow. They brought them in eight chests without any descriptions and acts of transmission. Also, without checking, they accepted them.

Almost eight years later they lacquered in the cellars of the Kremlin, littered with other cargoes. And only in 1922, the jewelry chests were handed over to Gokhran, where they were disassembered and census. And, starting from 1926 to 1938, on the personal instructions of Lenin and the Soviet government, there are a lot of jewels at the auctions of Europe and New York. But then still stopped.

"Seven Wonders of the Diamond Fund"

A surprisingly transparent diamond in 189 carats, iridescent, greenish and blue. The largest and most valuable diamond in the collection. He has 180 faces, the form he resembles an Indian rose. Initially, the diamond was in India, but as a result, the series of kidnaps and sales was at Count Orlov. And he, in turn, presented His Catherine II.

This is the second value of the diamond in the collection, which is also characterized by ideal transparency, weighing 88 carats. Found in India, he almost retained his original shape, only a few faces were slightly corrected. On this diamond, the inscriptions made in Persian are clearly visible - these are the names of the three of its previous owners. In 1824, this magnificent diamond was brought to the aim of reconciliation to Nicholas I after cruising violence in Tehran over Alexander Griboedov, our ambassador, a diplomat and a well-known writer.

Diamond- "Portrait"

One of the largest, so-called portrait, diamonds. It has a flat shape and an area of \u200b\u200b7.5 square centimeter. And since this diamond is also completely transparent, it can well be used as portrait, which, in fact, was done - a portrait of the emperor placed under it.

The weight of this magnificent, unusually transparent gem of 399 carats. It is he who decorates the Russian large imperial crown.

It is also one of the most famous and valuable stones, its weight is 136 carats. It is distinguished by a very beautiful saturated color and a stepped cut. It looks very nice in the frame of diamonds and silver grape leaves.

The legendary, the world's largest faceted sapphire in 260 carats. The upper surface has more than one hundred faces. This beautiful stone in the openwork frame, emphasizing his beauty, Alexander II acquired in 1862 in London for his spouse.

A completely unique stone weighing in 192.6 carat, unusually transparent, with a magnificent cut.

Imperial scepter

A spiker with a double-headed eagle on top is made for Catherine II. Since 1774, it is decorated with a luxury diamond "Orlov", presented by the graph of his Empress.

Power Imperial

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Power Imperial 1762 Gold, diamonds, sapphire (200 karats), diamond (46.92 carats), silver
Height with a cross 24 cm Bowl Circle Length 48 cm

Power, otherwise referred to as the "tsarist apple", - the creation of the Ecart Jeweler, made for the coronation of Catherine II. Already under the emperor Paul I, it was additionally decorated with a magnificent sapphire and a diamond.

Big Crown of the Russian Empire

This crown is rightfully considered the most beautiful and expensive in the world, - the creation of the court jewelers of George Friedrich Ekarta and Jeremiah Pozone. Also created on behalf of Catherine II for its coronation in 1762 in record deadlines - only in two months. After the revolution, this chief symbol of the Russian Empire was located in Ireland about 30 years, handed over to the crown as a collateral for financial assistance rendered. To buy this masterpiece could only in 1950, then the crown and returned to Moscow.

Other museum exhibits

Previously, it was assumed that it was made for Elizabeth Alekseevna brothers Duval. Now they believe that the crown created the Jeweler Zeftgen for Maria Alexandrovna.

Crown Empress Anna John

The magnificent crown, sparkling two and a half thousand precious stones inlaid into its silver cozen. A dark red tourmaline was used as decoration, shot from Catherine I crown.

Diamond Diadem Empress Elizabeth Alekseevna

This diadem decorated with a pink diamond - from the wedding set of the great princesses of the houses of Romanovs.

Big Buckle Agraf and Earrings

The portrait of the emperor concluded not under the glass, it covers an extraordinary diamond of rare purity.

Andrei First-Called Order Signs

Decoration of the Order Hat

One of the signs of the Order of St. Catherine.

Order of the Golden Rune

This ancient and honorary Order was established back in 1429. They awarded them only by representatives of the oldest noble childbirth.

Medallion with emerald

"Big Bouquet"

Portbuket

This decoration was pounding on a dress as a miniature vase, which inserted a small bouquet of live flowers.

Tourmaline Pink

Rare Beauty Stone during his visit to Russia was presented by Catherine II King Sweden Gustavi III in 1777. For a long time, it was ruby \u200b\u200bfor a long time. His engraving in the form of grape clusters is very unusual.

Pareur "Bant-wallage" Empress Catherine II

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Bowl warehouse and Earrings Empress Catherine II. Silver, Diamonds, Spinel, Gold
11.5x11 See 1764 year. Master Leopold Pfisterer

The wallage is a small necklace that was worn on a wide ribbon from lace or barhot. Although in fact the necklace is quite massive, but it looks very light, openwork.

There are jewels of the monarch of the Russian yard and among.

History of the Russian Empire ... Peter I

There is in the history of the names behind which the loop stretch rumors, gossip, speculation. There are personalities such outstanding that interest in them does not weaken over the centuries. Peter the Great is one of them. It would seem that his biography was studied before the subtleties, its role in world history was hardened, the intimate details of personal life are known. And yet, and yet ... and the birth, and the death of the first Russian emperor is associated with the circumstances of mysterious and mysterious ...

"He will be famous for the whole world and will deserve such a fame as none of the Russian kings had. He will be a great warrior and defeat many enemies. He will meet the resistance of his subjects and in the fight against them, tame a lot of riots and stem. Evorabling villains, he It will be encouraged and loved by hardworking, will save faith and make many other glorious affairs, which is immutable and that they completely definite and predict the heavenly shine. All this I saw, as in the mirror, and imagine all this writing. "

Simeon Polotsky ..

Were the king reason to doubt the words of star, or for what other reason, but the home of the scientist monk was attached to the guard, which the careful and suspicious Alexey Mikhailovich commanded only when he received an undeniable evidence of the real pregnancy of his wife.
On May 28, the Queen felt the approach of childbirth, and Simeon was called up to the royal chambers. Births were long and painful, the king was so fell into despair ... The Queen was exhausted so that the third day we considered it necessary to introduce her holy secrets, but Simeon Polotsk cheered everyone, saying that she would give birth safely after five hours. So everything happened ... An infant with baptism was given by Peter ... also on the advice of a monk ...

The crown of the Russian Empire was preceded by a monomach hat. But it was before Peter I. For the first time, the crown was used for the coronation of Petra Alekseevich ....

The imperial crown is created from more than 5 thousand luxury diamonds from India and is crowned with a magnificent red spinel in 398.72 carats. It has become not only a symbol of power, but also by the work of art. Today, the crown of the Russian Empire can be seen in the Diamond Foundation of the Kremlin. However, some historians argue that this is a copy, and the real crown is hidden ....
Yours like you, the Momomakh hat - said Boris Godunov, bearing in mind the severity of the responsibility of the royal power. The most famous royal headdress, like all the crowns and imperial crowns, was indeed difficult ....

Monomakh's hat is a symbol of the Russian monarchy ... It was married to the kingdom all Russian kings in the XVI-XVII century.

There is a legend that in the XII century, the Byzantine emperor Konstantin sent her and other regalia on the Golden dish Kiev Great Prince Vladimir Monomakh, from which, after a lot of generations, this crown moved to the Moscow kings.

True, there is a version that the hat is the gift of Uzbek Khan Yuri Danilovich or Ivan Kalita, who he patronized. The cap could be made by their order or the eastern masters. It was established that for the first time the monomacha hat was in 1498 the Vensense on the kingdom of grandson Ivan III, Dmitry, who was never destined to become a monarch.

The big imperial crown was also mild, which was married to the kingdom on August 22, 1826 in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin Emperor Nicholas I.

Initially, Monomakh's hat was decorated with pearl and gold pendants, later it was lowered by a dark sable fur and crowned with gold engraved imparting with a cross. Height caps with a cross about 25 centimeters, and its diameter is about 20 centimeters.

Kazan hat ...

The Kazan Cap - the Golden Crown, made according to the legend of jewelers of the conquered Kazan Khanate, for Ivan the Terrible. Spare headdress of Russian monarchs. The hat was made in about 1553, for Ivan the Terrible immediately after conquering and accession of Kazan Khanate to the Russian state and strengthen the title of the Kazan Tsar.

Gold, silver, rubies, emeralds, pearls, fur were used in its production. Walking cap Yellow sapphire in 90 carats. By the way, in the modern coat of arms of Kazan, it is this headdress marks the shield ...

Astrakhan Cap - the crown of a big outfit ...

The Astrakhan Cap was made in 1627 specifically for the king Mikhail Romanova. She is named Astrakhan cap in honor of the conquest of Astrakhan Khanate.

A bunk crown has a massive metal case, a diadem with eight teeth has been added to the bottom of the exterior frame. Below to the crown is attached to the sobular fur, traditional for this type of crown - "hats". The hat is decorated with 177 pebbles and pearls. Today, this crown marches the coat of arms of Astrakhan.

Siberian hat or Altabasnaya

Altabasnaya hat was named so by the name of the fabric, similar to the passage, from which was sewn in 1684 for the Tsar Ivan V Alekseevich. In order for the hat that the hat is not ground and retained the shape, it was strengthened from the inside on the frame of smooth silver arcs.

On a slightly flickering background of the fabric, the pattern is clearly read by the pattern of open-pitty gold drinks, sprayed with bright enamels and precious stones.
Diamond hat Ivan V
A diamond hat is a spare headdress of Ivan V. It was designed for everyday use.

The hat was also richly removed by precious metals and diamonds, some of whom Ivan moved to his favorite Siberian cap.
Altabasna hat (Siberian) and diamond hat are currently in the Armory Chamber.

Imperial crowns

One of the first imperial crown was a crown, which Peter I corrupted Catherine I. Alas, only a frame remained from it, since the subsequent Russian emperors adorned her diamonds were used at their discretion.
Crown of the Russian Empress Anna John ...

The Crown of the Russian Empress Anna Ioannovna is a precious crown, made in St. Petersburg in 1730-1731, presumably Mastery Gottlyb Wilhelm Dankel. About two and a half thousand skillfully selected by the magnitude of diamonds, rubies and tourmalines are mounted in the silver coil. Most of them earlier decorated the Crown of Empress Catherine I, as well as placed under the diamond cross of the wrong shape dark red tourmaline.

Big Imperial Crown of the Russian Empire
Jewelry miracle, personified imperial power in Russia from Catherine II to the last Russian emperor Nicholas II ...

Catherine ordered for coronation in 1762, it was created on the sketch of George Friedrich Ekarta and under the leadership of Jeremiam Pozone in just two months. Only one condition put the empress - the weight should not exceed 5 pounds. This crown was married to the kingdom All the emperors of Russia followed by Ekaterina II. After the October Revolution of Crown served as the property pledge of Ireland for a loan of $ 25,000. Until 1938, the value was kept in the Harry Bryand of Mother of Ireland. The jewelry was returned to Russia in 1950 after compliance with the loan refund procedure. The big imperial crown is the main exhibit of the diamond fund.
Small imperial crown
Small imperial crown was created specifically to coronation of Empress Mary Fedorovna, spouse Alexander II

Vladimir Tiara
An amazing story is connected with Vladimir Tearla, who received its name from the English form of the title of Great Princess Maria Pavlovna - The Grand Duchess Vladimir of Russia, who was the wife of the Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich, his brother Tsar Alexander III.

Until 1920, Tiara belonged to Maria Pavlovna, who ordered her jewelers in 1890. Vladimir Tiara was made of diamonds and pearls. Leaving along with all the jewelry collections of the Grand Duchess during revolutionary events in the Safe of the Vladimir Palace in St. Petersburg, Tiara was taken out by British intelligence through diplomatic mail.
After the death of Mary Pavlovna Tiara, the Queen Mary was purchased from the Princess Elena Vladimirovna, the daughter of Mary.
It was the Queen Mary who came up to improve Tiara in such a way that the pearl suspensions are replaced by emerald to be needed to wear with different outfits.

Favorite Tiara moved into the inheritance of the granddaughter of Queen Mary - Elizabeth II, who gave it to displacing the princess Diana ... Elizabeth II itself wears Vladimir Tiara during informal solemn events as a replacement for the official royal crown, but this is another story - the history of the British crown ...