Festive namaz performed on Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Adha. How is festive prayer (salat ul-id) performed? Some rules regarding holiday prayer

Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:

The heart of one who is engaged in divine services on two nights of celebration will not die on the Day when hearts are dead (Judgment Day). (Tabarani)

The nights leading up to the Feast of Breaking the Fast and the Feast of Sacrifice provide an opportunity to be seized by performing services and showing reverence. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said that these nights are a good opportunity to celebrate divine services and achieve closeness and special mercy of the Almighty. Do not miss them because of laziness and indolence. It is necessary to take full advantage of this opportunity, diligently worshiping Allah, asking for forgiveness from Him, reading the Koran, additional prayers, reciting salawats, etc.

Among the rewards that will follow these actions, the greatest is the one that the prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) told us in the above hadith, that is, the heart will not be struck with horror and fear on the Day of Judgment.

Breaking fast sunnahs

1. Get up as early as possible (in fact, a significant part of this night should be spent in worship).

2. Take a dip (perform ghusl).

3. Clean the mouth with miswak.

4. Apply itr (non-alcoholic halal perfumery).

5. Wear the best clothing available that meets the requirements of Islam and Sunnah.

6. Before going to the holiday prayer, eat something sweet (for example, dates).

7. Come to the place where the festive prayer is performed as early as possible.

8. Before going there, distribute fitr alms.

9. It is better to perform the festive prayer not in the mosque, but on the sites set aside for this prayer (they are called the word "idgah"). But the elderly and the sick may well perform the festive prayer in the mosque. Not only illness and weakness, but also rain is a good reason for performing the festive prayer in the mosque.

10. Return from the place of prayer in a different way (not the one that came).

11. Walk to the prayer area. But if it is far away, then you can use transport.

Some rules regarding holiday prayer

1. If a person joined the festive namaz when the imam has already recited the festive takbirs, then the takbirs should be recited immediately after entering the prayer. But if a person enters namaz when the imam is preparing to bow in his hand (bow), and the latecomer fears that he will not have time to join the imam in his hand, if he starts to pronounce takbirs while standing, then he should say takbirs, already being in his hand, abandoning tasbiha in hand. But during the recitation of takbirs, it is not necessary to raise your hands in your hand, as is done when reciting takbirs while standing.

If the imam leaves the ruk, and the latecomer has not yet finished reciting the takbirs he missed, he should stop reciting the takbirs and leave the ruk, following the imam. In this case, the takbirs that he did not have time to pronounce are not necessary.

2. If a person missed a rak'ah in the festive prayer, he should compensate it as follows: after the imam completes the salami prayer, the person praying should stand up and perform one rak'ah on his own, reciting the verses of the Koran and takbira. The rest of the rak'ah ends as usual.

Performing a festive prayer

Festive namaz in Eid-ul-fitr is performed on the 1st of the month of Shawval. It consists of two rak'ahs and two sermons (khutb). It is very similar to Friday prayer, but there are several differences:

- during the Friday prayer, the khutbah is pronounced before two rak'ahs are performed, and on a holiday it is the other way around: first, two rak'ahs are performed, and then two khutbahs follow;

The first rak'ah

After everyone has accepted the intention, the imam pronounces the opening takbir ("Allahu aqbar") and begins the festive prayer. Everyone raises their hands to the earlobes and folds their hands under the navel. After a while, the imam recites three takbir, one after the other with short pauses ("Allahu akbar"). We raise our hands and lower them at the seams after the first and second takbeers, and after the third we fold our hands under the navel. Then the imam recites the sura "Fatiha", followed by a passage from the Koran. Then he makes bows and prostrations to the ground and ascends to the second rak'ah.

Second rak'ah

The Imam recites the sura "Fatiha" and a passage from the Koran and is now ready to go to the hand (bow). Exactly before moving to the hand, he pronounces the remaining three takbir with short pauses, each time lowering his hands at the seams. When the imam pronounces the 4th takbir, he passes into the hand, then, as usual, he bows to the ground. After tashahhud (sitting and reading "At-tahyyatu ...") and the salam, the worshipers remain to sit in anticipation of the khutb imam.

Pronouncing the Khutbah

After two rak'ahs, the imam rises to pronounce the khutba. It is Sunnah for the Imam to begin the first khutba with nine takbirs, and the second with a family. He reminds Muslims of their responsibilities towards Allah, towards themselves and their brothers in faith. The Muslim holiday is a day of happiness and joy. It can be fully appreciated if we throw out enmity, hatred and past grievances from our hearts.

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The theologians of the Hanafi madhhab were more inclined to believe that the Eid Prayer, held twice a year, is regarded by priority as "wajib" for adult, reasonable men. For women, children, travelers and the physically disabled, this prayer is optional. And the Shafi'i theologians regarded it as "sunna-muakkyada". In practical terms, they are basically the same thing. According to the scholars of the Hanafi madhhab, this prayer is performed only collectively. Alone, this group of scientists believed, the Eid prayer is not performed, since it does not apply to the obligatory fard prayers. However, the theologians of the Shafi'i madhhab allowed the completion (kada ') of the Eid prayer for those who were late for it. This can be done at any time, but it is better - on the same day. They believed, unlike the Hanafi theologians, that this prayer could be performed by one person.

Execution order

The time for its fulfillment begins 20-40 minutes after sunrise and ends with the approach of the sun to its zenith (20-40 minutes before the time of the Zuhr day prayer). Adhan and ikamah are not read in the holiday prayer. To call the believers to prayer, the words "as-salatu jamiiliyah" can be pronounced:

الصَّلاَةُ جَامِعَةٌ

Two Rakyats of Eid Prayer

Briefly

First Rakyat

1) intention; 2) the duranian "as-Sana"; 3) three takbir with raising the arms and lowering them freely along the body; 4) reading the suras "al-Fatiha" and "al-Aimokil";

Second Rakyat

1) reading the sura "al-Fatiha" and any short surah; 2) three takbir with raising their hands, and with the fourth takbir, worshipers descend on a bow in the bow. The subsequent steps are the same as in the usual two-kyat prayer. The imam then conducts a festive sermon (khutba) in two parts. Following the sermon, a traditional final reading of the Holy Quran is possible, after which parishioners can congratulate each other on the celebrated holiday.

In detail

First Rakyat

1) Niyat (intention): "I intend to perform two rak'yats of the Eid prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty."

Then men, raising their hands to ear level so that their thumbs touch the lobes, and women - to shoulder level, following the imam say takbir: "Allahu Akbar" ("The Lord is above all"). It is desirable for men to separate their fingers, and for women to close them. After that, men put their hands on their stomachs right under the navel, putting their right hand on their left, wrapping their left hand with their little finger and thumb of their right hand. Women put their hands on their chest, placing their right hand on the left wrist. The gaze of each prayer should be directed to the place where he lowers his face during prostration (as-sajda).

2) Immediately after that, everyone reads to himself durania "as-Sana" ("Praise to the Most High"):

Transliteration: "Subhaanakyal-laahumma va bihamdiky, va tabaarakyasmuk, va taikalaya jadduk, va ilayahe gairuk."

سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ وَ تَبَارَكَ اسْمُكَ وَ تـَعَالَى جَدُّكَ وَ لاَ إِلَهَ غَيْرُكَ

The given du'''a is often used by representatives of the Hanafi madhhab. The Shafi'is use the following prayer: Transliteration: “Vadjyakhtu vajkhiya lill-lazii fatoras-samavaati wal-ard, haniyifam-muslima, va maa ana minal-musrikiin, inna saliatii va nusukii va mahyaia va mamaatii lil-lyaahi rabbil-'aalamiin, yayya vahamiyiri alahtuyin minal-muslimiyin ".

وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِي فَطَرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الأَرْضَ حَنِيفًا مُسْلِمًا وَ مَا أَنَا مِنَ الْـمُشْرِكِينَ .

إِنَّ صَلاَتِي وَ نُسُكِي وَ مَحْيَاىَ وَ مَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ .

وَ بِذَلِكَ أُمِرْتُ وَ أَنَا مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ .

3) Three takbir with a show of hands.

After reading "as-Sana", the imam, and after him all the worshipers, recite three takbir ("Allahu akbar") with raising the hands at each takbir, doing this in the same way as at the beginning of the namaz prayer. After each takbir, the arms fall freely along the body. The imam makes minor pauses between takbirs. After completing the third takbir, the hands return to their original position. The Imam and all the worshipers continue namaz with the words "a''uuzu bil-lyaakhi minash-shaitooni rrajiim, bismill-lyaakhi rrahmaani rahiim" (to himself).

أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ

Transfer: "I move away from the accursed Satan, approaching the Almighty, and start with the name of the Merciful Allah, whose mercy is unlimited and eternal."

4) Reading the suras of the Quran.

Then the imam reads surah "al-Fatiha" out loud: Transliteration: “Al-hamdu lil-layahi rabbil-‘ alamayin. Ar-rahmaani rrahiim. Yaumid-dein beakers. Iyayakya na 'will va iyyakya nasta' iin. Ikhdina ssyraatol-mustakyym. Syraatol-lyaziina an'amta ‘alaihim, gairil-magduubi‘ alaihim va lyad-doolliin. ” Aamiin.

اَلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ العَالَمِينَ .

اَلرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ .

مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ .

إِيَّاكَ نَعْـبُدُ وَ إِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ .

اِهْدِناَ الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ .

صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيـْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لاَ الضَّآلِّينَ .

آمِين .

After the surah "al-Fatiha" (both the Hanafis and the Shafi'is) in the first rak'yat is desirable (only desirable) reading of the surah "al-Aimokil" (it is also read aloud by the imam). Transliteration: “Sabbihisma rabbiqyal-arabili. Allaziya khalyak fasavva. Val-lazi kaddar fa hede. Val-lazi ahrajal-mar''a. Fadzha 'alakhu gusaen ahwa. Sanukriukya falya tance. Illia maa sheeallaah. Innahu yamul-jahra wa maa yahfa. Va nuyassirukya lil-yusra. Fazakkir in-nafa 'atiz-dhikr. Sayazzakkyaru mayakhsha. Vayatajannabukhal Ashka. Nnaaral-kubra crèche allies. Summing up yamutu fihihaya playing yagya. Kad aflyakha men tazakkya. Wa to paint the rabbiha beans. Byal tu’sirunal-hayatad-dunya. Val-aahyratu hayruv-vaebka. Inna haazaa lafis-sukhufil-uulya. Sukhufi ibraakhiime va muusa "().

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ

سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى

الَّذِي خَلَقَ فَسَوَّى

وَالَّذِي قَدَّرَ فَهَدَى

وَالَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الْمَرْعَى

فَجَعَلَهُ غُثَاءً أَحْوَى

سَنُقْرِئُكَ فَلَا تَنسَى

إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ إِنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْجَهْرَ وَمَا يَخْفَى

وَنُيَسِّرُكَ لِلْيُسْرَى

فَذَكِّرْ إِن نَّفَعَتِ الذِّكْرَى

سَيَذَّكَّرُ مَن يَخْشَى

وَيَتَجَنَّبُهَا الْأَشْقَى

الَّذِي يَصْلَى النَّارَ الْكُبْرَى

ثُمَّ لَا يَمُوتُ فِيهَا وَلَا يَحْيَى

قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَن تَزَكَّى

وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلَّى

بَلْ تُؤْثِرُونَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا

وَالْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ وَأَبْقَى

إِنَّ هَذَا لَفِي الصُّحُفِ الْأُولَى

صُحُفِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُوسَى

Then the imam, together with the believers standing behind him, with the words "Allahu akbar" in the usual manner makes bowing to the ground and to the ground.

Second Rakyat

1) Reading suras.

The second rak'yat does not read "as-Sana" and "a'lochuzu bil-lyahi minash-shaitoni rajim". The imam recites to himself "bismill-lyahi rrahmani rahim", reads al-Fatiha surah, and then a short surah, for example, al-Ikhlyas: Transliteration: “Kul huwa llaahu ahad. Allaahu somad. Lam yalid wa lam yuulad. Wa laam yakul-lyakhu kufuvan ahad ”.

قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ . اَللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ . لَمْ يَلِدْ وَ لَمْ يوُلَدْ . وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ .

2) Three takbir with a show of hands.

After that, before going to the bow, the imam, and after him all the worshipers recite three takbir ("Allahu akbar") with raising his hands at each takbir, similar to the first rak'yat. After each takbir, the arms fall freely along the body. The imam makes minor pauses between takbirs. At the end of the third takbir, the imam recites the fourth takbir and descends with the worshipers on a bow at the waist. Then everything is done in the same way as when performing the first rakayat. When the imam, and after him the worshipers, rise from the second prostration of the second rak'yat, they sit on their left foot and read tashahhud. Hanafis (putting their hands loosely on their hips, without closing their fingers): Transliteration: “At-tahiyatu lill-lyaakhi vas-solavaatu vat-toyibaatu, As-salayamu 'alaykya ayuhan-nabiyu wa rahmatul-laahi wa barakyatuh, As-saalayamu' alayybaatu 'alaya' ibaadil-lyaakhi ssoolikhiin, Ashkhadu allaya ilyahe illa llaahu va ashkhadu anna muhammadan 'abduhu va rasuulyuh'.

اَلتَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ وَ الصَّلَوَاتُ وَ الطَّيِّباَتُ

اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيـُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتُهُ

اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْناَ وَ عَلىَ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ

أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ

While pronouncing the words "la ilyahe", the index finger of the right hand must be raised up, and when the words "illa llaahu", lower it. The Shafi'ites (positioning their left hand freely, without separating the fingers, and clenching the right hand into a fist and releasing the thumb and forefinger, while the thumb adjoins the hand in a bent position) say: , As-salayamu 'alayyakya ayuhan-nabiyu wa rahmatul-laahi wa barakyaatuh, As-salayamu' alaynaa va 'alaiya' ibaadil-laahi ssoolihiin, Ashkhadu allyayu ilayahe illya llaahu wa ashhadu-laahu rashamuh.

اَلتَّحِيَّاتُ الْمُبَارَكَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ الطَّـيِّـبَاتُ لِلَّهِ ،

اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيـُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتـُهُ ،

اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْـنَا وَ عَلىَ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ ،

أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ .

While pronouncing the words "illa llaahu", the index finger of the right hand is raised up without additional movements with it (while the gaze of the praying person turns to this finger) and lowered. Having read the tashahhud, the prayers, without changing their position, pronounce salavat: Transliteration: "Allaahumma solli 'aliaya sayyidinaa muhammadin va' aliaya eeli sayidinaa muhammad, Kyama sollyayta 'aliaya sayyidinaa ibraakhiima wa' aliaia sayyidinaa ibraakhiima wa 'alaiya aayiahiahidinaa' aliaya eeli sayidinaa muhammad, Kyamaa baarakte 'aliaya sayidinaa ibraakhiima wa aliaya eeli sayidinaa ibraakhiima fil-'alamiin, innekya khamiidun majid. "

اَللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ

كَماَ صَلَّيْتَ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ

وَ باَرِكْ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ

كَماَ باَرَكْتَ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي الْعاَلَمِينَ

إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ

After reading the salavat, it is advisable to turn to the Lord with a prayer (du'i'a). The theologians of the Hanafi madhhab argue that in this case only the form of prayer mentioned in the Holy Quran or in the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) can be used as a du''am. Another part of Islamic theologians admits the use of any form of du''a. At the same time, the opinion of scholars is unanimous that the text of du''a used in namaz should be only in Arabic. After that, the imam, and after him the rest of the prayers, with the words of greeting "al-salayamu 'alaykum wa rahmatul-laah" ("peace and blessings of the Most High") turn their heads first to the right side, looking at the shoulder, and then, repeating the words greetings, - to the left. This concludes the two rak'yats of the Eid prayer. 1. Continuing to sit, it is advisable to read the following (to yourself): "Astagfirullaa, astagfirullaa, astagfirullaa".

أَسْـتَـغـْفِرُ اللَّه أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّه أَسْـتَـغـْفِرُ اللَّهَ

2. Raising their hands to chest level, the worshipers say (to themselves): “Allaahumma ente ssalyayam wa minkya ssalyayam, tabaarakte yaa zal-dzhayali wal-ikraam. Allaahumma a'innii 'ala zikrikya wa shukrikya wa husni' ibaadatik. "

اَللَّهُمَّ أَنـْتَ السَّلاَمُ وَ مِنْكَ السَّلاَمُ

تَـبَارَكْتَ ياَ ذَا الْجَـلاَلِ وَ الإِكْرَامِ

اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنيِّ عَلىَ ذِكْرِكَ وَ شُكْرِكَ وَ حُسْنِ عِباَدَتـِكَ

Then they lower their hands, running their palms over the face. It should be noted that during the two rak'yats of the festive prayer, those praying, standing behind the imam, say everything to themselves, that is, inaudibly, in a whisper.

3) Holiday sermons.

First Sermon The imam climbs the minbar and recites nine takbirs one after the other. The most common form of holiday takbir is: "Allahu akbar, allahu akbar, llyahe illal-lah, wal-lahu akbar, allahu akbar, wa lil-lahil-hamd."

اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ . لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ . اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ وَ لِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ

Transfer: “Allah is above all, Allah is above all; there is no god but Him. Allah is above everything, Allah is above everything, and only Him is true praise. " The sermon begins with the words of praise of the Almighty and a request for a blessing for the Prophet Muhammad. In his sermon on the holiday of Uraza-bairam, the imam focuses the attention of believers on the importance of the obligatory alms of the end of fasting - zakatul-fitr, and also briefly on what is relevant for believers, quoting the verses of the Holy Quran and hadith. During the sermon on the holiday of Eid al-Adha, it is advisable for the preacher to talk about what is important when making the sacrifice, as well as about additional takbirs that will be spoken by the believers in the next few days. At the end of the first sermon, the imam-khatib sits on a minbar (if he wishes), and those praying can turn with a prayer to the Almighty Creator by reciting a du'am'a prayer. Second Sermon The Imam recites the seven takbirs one after the other. The second sermon is shorter and didactic in nature. This concludes the festive ceremony. Usually the Holy Qur'an is read, then the imam recites a common supplication-du'am, at the end of which everyone stands up, greeting and congratulating each other.

References to theological primary sources and commentary: Festive prayer is performed in mosques twice a year (according to the lunar calendar) - on the holiday of Eid al-Adha and on the holiday of Eid al-Adha. See: Al-Kyasani. Badai 'u as-sonai ‘fi tartibi ash-sharai’ [Rare arts in the regulation of legislation]. In 7 volumes. Beirut: al-Fikr, 1996. T. 1. S. 408; al-Khatib al-Shirbiniy Sh. Mughni al-mukhtaj [Enriching the needy]. In 6 volumes. Egypt: al-Maktaba at-tawfikiyya, [b. year]. T. 1. S. 563. The Hanafis talk about the need for this prayer of a quorum, just like it is required for Friday prayer - three adults, reasonable and observing the religious practice of Muslim men. For more details see: Muslim Law 1-2. M .: 2011. S. 280, 281. See: Al-Kyasani. Badai'u al-sonai 'fi tartibi al-sharai'. In 7 volumes. T. 1. P. 414. See, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. In 11 vols. T. 2. S. 1391, 1392. The festive prayer consists of only two rak'yats performed together with the imam. See below for some details regarding the requirements of the Shafi'i madhhab. The Imam adds to what has been said that he performs prayer with the people behind him. And the parishioners should stipulate that they are praying with the imam. This sequence of movements is accepted in the Hanafi madhhab. According to the ritual of the Shafi'i madhhab, takbir is pronounced simultaneously with the raising of hands (moreover, men, like women, raise their hands to shoulder level). See, for example: Al-Shavkiani M. Neil al-Avtar. In 8 volumes. T. 2. P. 186, 187. Both options are possible. See: Al-Khatib al-Shirbiniy Sh. Mughni al-mukhtaj. In 6 t. T. 1. P. 300. According to the Shafi'i madhhab, it is advisable to lower your hands on the upper abdomen between the chest and the navel in the heart area so that the palm of the right hand lies on the elbow or between the elbow and the wrist of the left hand. See, for example: Az-Zuhaili V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. In 11 volumes. T. 2. P. 873. If the Imam follows the Sunnah of the Prophet in his religious practice with explanations of the scholars of the Shafi'i madhhab, then in the first rak'yat he recites seven takbirs before reading the surah al-Fatiha, and in the second - five, also in front of surah al-Fatiha. See, for example: Az-Zuhaili V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. In 11 t. T. 2.P. 1400; al-Khatib al-Shirbiniy Sh. Mughni al-mukhtaj. In 6 volumes. T. 1. P. 564. The theologians-Shafi'i believed that in the intervals between these takbirs it is necessary to lower the hands to the starting position, that is, to the upper abdomen between the chest and the navel in the region of the heart. Also, the pauses between the takbirs are filled with reading to oneself various forms of praising the Almighty, however, the following formula is the best: "subhaanal-la, wal-hamdu lill-la, playing ilayakhe illal-lahu wal-lahu akbar." See: Al-Khatib al-Shirbiniy Sh. Mughni al-mukhtaj. In 6 volumes. T. 1. P. 564. These additional takbirs, in the opinion of all scientists, do not belong to the main part of the holiday prayer. If they are suddenly forgotten by the Imam, then there is no need to do an additional prostration (sajdatus-sahv). See, for example: Az-Zuhaili V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. In 11 vols. T. 2. P. 1400. As for the number of takbirs, Islamic theologians had several opinions, each of which to a certain extent is correct and true from the point of view of the Sunnah. See: V. Az-Zuhaili, Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. In 11 volumes. T. 2. P. 1395. The Shafi'i Imam, in contrast to the Hanafi imam, pronounces the words “bismill-layahi rrahmaani rrahiim” before the “al-Fatiha” surah in both rak'yats aloud. According to Muslim commentators, the word "amine" means "God answer my prayer" or "May it be so." When performing the Eid Prayer (as in three of the five obligatory ones, as well as on Friday), according to the Hanafi madhhab, when the imam finishes reading the surah al-Fatiha, the amin is pronounced by everyone silently, and according to the Shafi'i madhhab - aloud. See: V. Az-Zuhaili, Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. In 11 volumes. T. 2. S. 1396, 1401. Translation of the sura, see. All the takbirs the imam pronounces aloud. According to the Shafi'i madhhab, the prayer, saying "Allahu Akbar", raises his hands to shoulder level, and then makes a bow in the waist. Returning to the previous position, he also raises his hands to shoulder level, pronouncing "samiyam'a llaahu li meng khamidekhi." Among the Shafi'is, it is advisable at the beginning of each rak'yat to read to oneself "a'okuzu bil-lyakhi minash-shaitoni rajim." The Shafi'i imam, in contrast to the Hanafi imam, pronounces the words “bismill-layahi rrahmaani rrahiim” before the surah “al-Fatiha” in both rak'yats aloud. If the imam follows the Shafi'i madhhab, then in the first rak'yat he recites seven takbirs before reciting the al-Fatiha surah, as previously stated, and in the second - five, also before the al-Fatiha surah. It is in front of the sura al-Fatiha and before the bismilli-lyakhi rrahmani rahim. See: V. Az-Zuhaili, Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. In 11 t. T. 2.P. 1400; al-Khatib al-Shirbiniy Sh. Mughni al-mukhtaj. In 6 volumes. T. 1. P. 564. The theologians-Shafi'i believed that in the intervals between these takbirs it is necessary to lower the hands to the starting position, that is, to the upper abdomen between the chest and the navel in the region of the heart. Parishioners in all movements of the prayer-namaz do not outrun the imam, but strictly repeat after him. Before the final greeting, the Shafi'is usually sit down with the foot of their left foot under their right. Both positions are correct from the point of view of the Sunnah, and both are only desirable. Performing rhythmic movements (twitching) with the index finger while reading tashahhud or after completing it is not correct. According to the Sunnah, taking into account the comments of scientists, it is more correct not to make unnecessary movements with the index finger. The overwhelming majority of Islamic theologians were of this opinion. In addition, some jurists believed that excessive movement of the index finger could disrupt the prayer, make it invalid. See: Al-Khatyb al-Shirbiniy. Mughni al-mukhtaj [Enriching the needy]. In 6 v. T. 1. P. 334. For detailed theological material on this issue, see. With this action, the Muslim greets two angels on his shoulders and fixing all good deeds and sins. The supposed meaning of this action, stipulated by Muslim scholars, is as follows: the vision of a good omen (tafaul) is that the hands, ascended to heaven with prayer, are overflowing with Divine grace, goodness. At the end of the du'''a prayer, the believer wipes his face with this grace. In Muslim theological writings, there are many arguments in favor of the fact that this action has a basis in the reliable Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (may the Most High bless him and greet him). Read more about this in the article "Wiping Your Face After a Doumana Prayer" in my book "Everyone Will See Hell." In contrast to the Friday sermon, during the festive sermon the imam-preacher, having climbed the minbar, does not sit down, but always stands. This was emphasized by the Hanafi theologians. Other Islamic scholars assumed that the imam could sit down to rest. See, for example: Az-Zuhaili V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. In 11 volumes. T. 2. P. 1406. Pronunciation by the Imam of these takbirs is Sunnah. It is advisable for parishioners who listen to him to say them to themselves. This is what the Hanafi theologians say. Scholars of the Shafi'i madhhab believe that those present at the festive sermon do not repeat the takbirs after the imam, but only listen to him. See: Al-Kyasani. Badai'u al-sonai 'fi tartibi al-sharai'. In 7 volumes, T. 1.P. 410; al-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. In 11 volumes.Vol. 2.P. 1419.

Celebration of the celebration in the form that Allah and his Messenger Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)

The word "Id" itself comes from the word "Avd" ("repetition", "return") - perhaps because of the repetition of the holiday in every year, or because of the many rewards prepared by Allah Almighty for His slaves on this day, or from - for the return of joy upon his return. The word "al-fitr" means "breaking the fast."

Allah Almighty replaced the holidays for Muslims, which were celebrated during Jahiliyya (the time of ignorance before the arrival of Islam), with two big holidays of Islam:

1) a holiday at the end of the holy month of Ramadan,

2) the holiday of sacrifice.

One of the significant features of the holiday was the performance of a collective holiday prayer.

The performance of the festive Salatul Eid prayer was established in the second year of the Hijri, and the first festive prayer performed by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was the Eid al-fitr prayer in the second year after the resettlement. Anas ibn Malik said that when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Medina, the Ansars had two days in which they rejoiced and celebrated. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked them: what are these two days? They answered: these are two days in which we rejoiced and celebrated during the jahiliya. And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, Allah Almighty has replaced these two days for you with the best two other days: the holidays of breaking fast and sacrifice."

The festive prayer according to Sharia is sunatun mu'akkad (highly desirable prayer).

Also, some scholars said that the holiday prayer is "farzul kifayat" because of the greater attention and diligence of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) over its implementation. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) never left him to death, and the Companions after the death of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) zealous for its fulfillment, due to the fact that he is considered one of the signs of Islam.

It is advisable to perform the festive Eid Namaz collectively, as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed it, for all those who are required to perform the Friday prayer. It is also advisable to perform Eid Namaz individually for the one who failed to attend the collective prayer. Collective namaz is considered the best for everyone, except for the pilgrim performing the hajj For him, it is considered desirable to perform an individual id-namaz.

Time for Eid Namaz

The time for performing Eid Namaz begins with the rising of the sun on the first day of the month of Shawwal, and it lasts until the lunch adhan of the same day. The Hadith of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is narrated by Al-Bara ibn Azyb: “I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say:“ Truly, the first thing we start with today is to perform namaz, ”and the day begins with sunrise sun ".

Anyone who missed the performance of Eid-namaz collectively with the Imam, let him do it alone, and his namaz will be considered complete if he managed to perform it before the lunch adhan; if he did not have time, he missed the time of its commission. But it is advisable for him to perform it as a compensating prayer, since it is desirable to compensate for eid prayer, like other desirable prayers.

On a holiday, it is advisable to postpone the performance of eid namaz for a while until the sun rises in height to the size of a standing bayonet. This is what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did.

This is the wisdom that on a holiday it is advisable to distribute zakat-sah (obligatory alms) before performing the festive prayer, and transferring the prayer a little back extends the time for distributing alms - zakat.

Eid Namaz consists of two rak'ahs. A companion Umar said: "The festive prayer of sacrifice consists of two rak'ats, the festive prayer after the month of Ramadan also consists of two rak'ahs."

Ethics and Desirable Actions on the Day of the Holiday

Bathing and cleanliness.

It is advisable to bathe on both holidays, just like bathing on the day of Friday prayer. It is said that Abdullah ibn Umar "took a bath on the holiday of Eid al-Adha until dawn."

It is advisable to perform bathing for a person who will be present at the collective prayer, and for someone who cannot be present at it. It is advisable to prepare for the holiday: shave hair from places where it is desirable to shave hair, cut nails, remove unpleasant odors from the body and clothes. This is a holiday, and in it everything that is desirable to be done on Friday is desirable.

Eating food.

It is advisable to have something to eat before Eid Namaz on the holiday of Eid al-Adha. The best is to eat what a person eats on ordinary days, or dates, if a person does not find what is mentioned, it is advisable to eat on the way or at the place of performing namaz, if there is an opportunity to distinguish this day from other days.

The hadith of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), narrated from Buraydat, says: "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not leave the house on the day of Eid al-Adha, without eating something ...".

Dressing up nice clothes.

It is advisable to wear the best of clothes on a holiday. The best color for clothing is white. Holidays, like Friday, are equal in the desirability of wearing beautiful clothes, in maintaining cleanliness, in incense, shaving hair, removing unpleasant odors.

It is also advisable to participate in the festive prayer for young children with their parents.

It is advisable for those who go to the festive prayer to go to the mosque on foot, unless there is a reason not to do it: for example, illness or the distance of the place where the festive prayer is performed, etc.

It is also advisable for those who go to the festive prayer to go to the mosque or to the place where the festive prayer is performed, one way, and return the other way. It is advisable to go there a long way, and return home a short way.

The presence of women at the festive prayer.

It is advisable for women to attend the festive prayer, except for those women who are the owners of beauty. For the same women who are beautiful and who attract the eyes of men because of their beauty, clothing or incense, then it is undesirable for them to attend the festive prayer.

In the hadith of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) it is said: "You do not keep the slaves of Allah Almighty from the houses of Allah Almighty, let them come out not perfumed with incense."

Stay in divine service on a festive night.

It is advisable to revive both festive nights with divine services: by performing namaz, reading the Koran, remembering Allah Almighty (dhikr), asking him with a prayer for the forgiveness of sins or something else, praising the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) by reading salavat. This is how it is said about it in the hadith of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), narrated from Abu Umamat: “He who revives both festive nights will not die on the day when hearts die”.

Imam ash-Shafi'i (may Allah Almighty have mercy on him) says: “It dawned on me that they say: truly, they answer a prayer at five nights:

1) Friday night

2) on the night of Kurban Bayram

We must all strive to follow the path established by Islam and move away from all prohibitions so that Allah will accept our fasts and other worship. May Allah accept our fasts and good deeds, illuminate our hearts with the light of Iman and make us from among His righteous slaves. Amen!

People love holidays and look forward to them. Before a solemn event, the main question arises, how to organize a holiday? To make the event interesting, it is better to entrust such an important matter to professionals and find a suitable event agency that will organize your event in full. An event agency is a company that provides services for organizing various events, from corporate events to birthdays.

How to organize a holiday for real

Event agencies are very popular these days. Such companies provide turnkey services. They actually take care of the organization. You just have to voice your wishes and preferences.

But today, not everyone can afford the services of event agencies. You will have to show creativity, ingenuity and imagination to make the holiday a success.

We plan the organization of the holiday

Let's note important points that should not be ignored when organizing a holiday:
... Location
... Holiday menu
... Guest list
... Party theme
... Hall decoration
... Scenario

When you are thinking about the question of how to organize a holiday, one of the important points of the event is the festive menu. First, you should determine the format of the party: it will be a banquet, buffet or outdoor celebration.

If the celebration involves a grand feast, the menu should include appetizers, snacks, hot dishes, and a sweet table. If this is a light buffet, different canapes, beetroads, skewers are suitable. The snacks for the buffet table are arranged so that it is convenient to take them, everything should keep its shape, and not fall apart on the way to the plate.

Have a BBQ? Think about who will fry and serve the meat. In order not to stand all day, or even two at the stove, order catering services.

Where to celebrate?

Decide in advance on the venue. Nowadays organize a holiday you can everywhere:

• outdoors,
• on the ship,
• in a restaurant,
• in the dolphinarium,
• even on the roof.

Check out the venue in advance. Plan your guest accommodation. For everyone to be comfortable, there must be enough free space. No one likes to sit too close to each other or crowd in a small area.

How to organize an enchanting holiday? Provision should be made for waiters to move freely and have access to every guest. Designate a smoking area. It is better to organize it further away. Some people are intolerant to nicotine. If you have invited artists, consider where they will perform. Organize a stage or venue for performances and dancing.

Holiday themes

Plan any topics you like. Consider the preferences of most guests. You don't need to focus only on your own interests. Send out invitations in advance with the announced theme and dress code. Guests should be prepared for the upcoming entertainment.

It can be a party in the national style or based on a literary work, a film. It will be interesting for everyone to take part in a quiz dedicated to the selected country. Prepare small gifts to reward the winners.

Choosing a country. We study interesting facts about her.
... We prepare the national clothes of the selected country.
... We inform guests about the dress code.
... We prepare traditional dishes of the selected country.
... Choosing a thematic musical accompaniment.

You can have an unforgettable 30s Chicago gangster party. Prepare matching outfits. Stock up on pistols, cigars and whiskey.

Corporate

How to organize a party for office workers? Sometimes, in order to save money, companies are instructed to organize a corporate event for a responsible employee. As a rule, this is an office manager or HR manager. It is better to immediately discuss the details of the event with the team.

Don't take on all organizational tasks. Engage employees. Distribute responsibilities. Your job is to plan. Take advice and do not hesitate to ask for help from colleagues. Discuss how and where the corporate party will be held. The budget of the event will be an important item. Discuss everything in detail, especially the menu.

Such entertainment as quests is popular these days. This is great entertainment at any event, especially a corporate party. Participants are divided into teams, on average, 4 people each. Create different tasks. For example, find a treasure or get out of a locked room.

How to organize a birthday

Have you decided to give your loved one an unforgettable birthday? We'll have to try not to fail expectations. Make the hero of the day the center of the event. You can organize a competition, who will give the most correct answers about the birthday person.

Prepare a surprise. Invite an artist or musician, perhaps a group of artists or a magician. If time and finances allow, find a party host. Once you start preparing in advance, you can look for great deals.

Children's holiday

All parents want to arrange the best holiday for their child. Today, not all parents can afford to celebrate their children's birthday in the entertainment center. To make the holiday interesting at home, prepare a program in advance. These are various contests, quests, mobile team games. Be sure to prepare incentive prizes.

Kids love surprises. Let each child go home with a small souvenir. Such a holiday will be remembered for a long time. Decorate the room with balloons, come up with funny decorations. Now there are all sorts of interesting things for children's parties on sale, and you don't have to bother too much.

Table decoration for babies

How to organize a party for kids with nice treats? Cake and sweets will do. Children usually eat little at such events, as they are mainly busy with games. There is no need to cook many complex dishes.

Children's sandwiches and vegetables and fruits will be enough. Decorate everything beautifully. There are many healthy baby snack options online. Buy colorful holiday disposable plates, cocktail rolls and sandwich skewers. Stock up on plenty of water and juice. Children are very fond of juices and cocktails.

How to decorate a room for a birthday - video

Imagine, improvise, even take risks (within reasonable limits), and then you will be able to organize a holiday that will be the best.

The beginning of Ashur al-Hajj

Shawwal is the first of the three months of Ashur al-Hajj (that is, the months of the Hajj). Despite the fact that the main rituals of the Hajj are performed in the first ten days of the month of Zul Hijj, the entire period from the first day of the month of Shawwal to the 10th Zul Hijj is considered the period of the Hajj, because some elements of the Hajj can be performed at any time of this period. For example, tawaf al-qudumfollowed by sa'i 'cannot be performed before the beginning of the month of Shawwal, but it can be performed on any day starting from the 1st Shawwal. Umrah, performed before the beginning of the month of Shawwal, cannot be considered dead. tamattu (full): although the umrah performed in the month of Shawwal can be attributed to a hajj, so the hajj will be considered a hajj tamattu (complete)... In addition, one should not enter the state ihram for Hajj before the beginning of the month of Shawwal is makrooh... That is why these three months are called "months of Hajj", and the peculiarity of the month of Shawwal is that it is the first of them.

Eid al-fitr

The second noble quality of the month of Shawwal is that Allah Almighty has chosen it to celebrate Eid al-fitr , one of the two annual holidays recognized in the Shariah. This day in Sharia was created as a token of gratitude for achievements in Ramadan, this day is a reward in this life from Allah to those who fasted and performed other types of worship in Ramadan.

Instead of celebrating some events in the past, the Shariah prescribed to mark the first day of the month of Shawwal, on which Muslims celebrate the completion of the greatest act of worship that they themselves have performed. This approach reminds Muslims that they should not rely solely on the achievements of their ancestors, but should themselves strive to do good deeds in order to achieve the satisfaction of their Creator.

Islam also has a special approach to how to celebrate a happy day. Holidays in other religions and communities usually consist of a series of activities aimed at obtaining pleasure and enjoyment. The entire holiday is usually spent dancing, singing and playing.

In contrast, Islam has prescribed a simple yet noble way of celebrating the day. First of all, for wealthy Muslims, it is imperative to start a holiday with a payment sadaqa al-fitr in favor of the poor Muslims of the community, so that they, too, can enjoy the holiday and not worry about how to earn a living at least on this day.

After payment sadaqa al-fitr Muslims should go to some open place where they can all pray together for the Eid. Muslims must appear before their Creator and perform two rak'ahspecial prayer, thanks to which they receive blessings from Allah and begin the celebration of this joyful day with divine blessings.

After prayer, Muslims should celebrate this joyful day, but within reasonable limits - not to cross the boundaries prescribed by the Shariah and in no case should they allow themselves what Allah has forbidden.

With all of this in mind, we will now discuss specific rules regarding Eid al-fitr.

The night before the day Eid al-fitr

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did not sleep the night before Eid al-fitr... In the hadith, this night is called “the night of reward” (laylat al-jaiza). The Almighty gives a reward to those who spent the month of Ramadan, following the prescriptions of Sharia, and all the prayers of these people are accepted on this night. Therefore, it is advisable to perform additional prayers on this night. It is reported that the Prophet said:

"Whoever stands (in worship) the nights before the two feasts (Eid), hoping for a reward from his Lord, his heart will not die when the hearts of others die."

To take advantage of this opportunity, one should perform as much worship as possible on this night and pray for the fulfillment of one's needs and desires.

Before Going to Eid Prayer

Before going to Eid prayer on the day Eid al-fitr, is with unnoy perform the following actions:

• Get up early in the morning.
• Brush your teeth with a siwak or brush.
• Perform complete ablution.
• Wear the best clothing available.
• Dress yourself with incense.
• Eat something sweet, preferably dates, before going to the Eid prayer.
• On the way to the Eid prayer, recite the following takbir in an undertone:

“Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, La Ilyaha IllaAllah wa Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar wa lIllahi-l-hamd» .

Sadaka al-fitr

Sadaka al-fitris mandatory for every Muslim (for both men and women) who owns 613.35 grams of silver or the equivalent of this amount in the form of money, jewelry, goods, any products or raw materials in excess of the usual human needs. Anyone with this amount of property must pay sadaqa al-fitr, and not only for themselves, but also for their minor children. Sadaka al-fitr is 1.75 kg of wheat or the cost of that amount of wheat in monetary terms. This is the norm for one person. If a person has minor children, the same amount should be paid for each of them separately. About payment sadaqa al-fitrthe following points should be taken into account:

1. Sadaka al-fitris an obligation for every man and woman separately, every adult is obliged to pay it. The husband is not obliged to pay sadaqa al-fitr for his wife, and the wife is not obliged to do it for her husband. Also, the father is not obliged to pay sadaqa al-fitr for their adult children - and vice versa. In the event that the head of the family voluntarily wants to pay sadaqa al-fitr for each member of his family, he should obtain consent from the family members. In this case sadaqa al-fitrthat he paid on behalf of his family members will be valid. If he didn't pay sadaqa al-fitr for his family members, he is not responsible for this. Each adult family member must independently fulfill his duty or ask the head of the family to pay sadaqa al-fitr in one's own name.
2. Pay out sadaqa al-fitrin a day Idbefore the holiday prayer is performed - Sunnah... You can also pay it before the day Idbut it is not recommended to postpone the payment sadaqa al-fitr until after the performance of the Eid prayer. However, if the person was unable to pay sadaqa al-fitr in due time, he should do it as soon as possible, then the duty will be considered fulfilled.
3. If a child was born after the beginning of dawn on the day Id, it is not necessary to pay for it sadaqa al-fitr, the same goes for the person who died before the dawn of the day Id.
4. Sadaka al-fitrcan only be paid to the people to whom it is paid zakat.

Festive prayer

The second duty of the feast day is prayer Id... Some of the rules regarding this prayer are listed below:

How to do the Eid Prayer

Prayer Id consists of two rakatwith an additional six takbirami - three additional takbir perform at the beginning of the first rak'ah, and three more - before hand in the second rak'ah.

A detailed description of the Eid prayer:

Imam begins prayer without proclamation azana and ikamata. Imam begins a prayer by saying takbir tahrima (« Allahu Akbar» ) ... You should raise your hands to your ears, say takbirand make a short pause during which the dua is recited sana (subhanak allahumma ...)... After finishing reading dignity, imam pronounces three times takbir (« Allahu Akbar» ) ... After speaking quietly each takbir (« Allahu Akbar» ) you should put your hands down, but after the third takbir they should be folded around the navel, as usual in prayer.

After three takbirov imam is reading Holy Quranto be listened to in silence. Remaining part rak'ah takes place in the usual form.

After returning to the standing position for the second rak'ah imam starts reading Koran, you should quietly and calmly listen to his reading. When imam finishes reading, he says three again takbirbut this time takbirs pronounced before committing hand... At every takbireyou should raise your hands to your ears and after saying: “ Allahu Akbar ", -lower them down, leaving them in a free position towards the ground. After three were said takbir, imam pronounces another takbirwith which one should bow into position hand... During this takbirno need to raise your hands. You just have to bow in handwhile saying: "Allahu Akbar".The rest of the prayer is performed as usual.

Khutba: sermon daily Eid al-fitr

Khutbah in Eid prayer is Sunnah and is pronounced after prayer, in contrast to Friday prayer, where khutbah is an farz and is pronounced before prayer. However, listen khutbu prayers Id - this wajib, that is, it is necessary, so you should calmly and quietly listen to this sermon.

Is an Sunnah for and mother start off khutbu with pronouncing takbir ("Allahu Akbar"): before the first khutboy nine times, and before the second khutboy seven times.

Note:The above method of performing prayer Id corresponds to the Hanafi school of Islamic law. Other scholars of Islamic law, such as Imam Shafi'i, give a different way of performing this prayer. They pronounce takbir twelve times before reading Quran, in both rak'ah... It is also permissible to perform the Eid prayer in this way. If the imam adheres to the Shafi'i madhhab and prays in this way, one can follow him. Both ways of praying Id based on the practice of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).

Six days of fasting in the month of Shawwal

The six days of fasting in the month of Shawwal is a noble deed. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:

"If someone completes fasting in Ramadan and adds six days of fasting to it in the month of Shawwal, he will receive such savab, as if he had been fasting all year." .

This hadith speaks of a great reward for six days of fasting this month. Therefore, every Muslim should use the opportunity to receive such a great reward from Allah. It is more preferable to start fasting on the 2nd of the month of Shawwal and fast until the 7th. But if a person fasts 6 days at a different time during the month, there is hope that he will fulfill the requirements of this hadith. .

The holiday of breaking the fast.